| 词条 | Jovan Oliver |
| 释义 |
| name = Jovan Oliver Grčinić | title = | image = Jovan Oliver.jpg | caption = Jovan Oliver, fresco from the Lesnovo monastery. | alt = | CoA = | more = | reign = Lord of Ovče Pole and the left bank of the Vardar | reign-type = | predecessor = | successor = | suc-type = | succession = | spouse = Karavida (†1336) Maria Palaiologina | spouse-type = Wife | issue = see family | issue-link = | issue-pipe = | full name = Jovan Oliver Grčinić (Јован Оливер Грчинић) | styles = | titles = despot sevastokrator veliki vojvoda veliki čelnik | father = vlastelin Grčin | mother = | birth_date = ca. 1310 | birth_place = | christening_date = | christening_place = | death_date = ca. 1356 | death_place = | burial_date = | burial_place = | occupation = | religion = Orthodox Christianity }} Jovan Oliver Grčinić ({{lang-sr|Јован Оливер Грчинић}}; ca. 1310-1356) was a magnate of the Serbian Emperor Dušan the Mighty (r. 1331-1355), holding the titles of sebastokrator and despotes, and the rank of "great voivode", showing his prominence and status as one of the most important nobles of Dušan. Oliver supported Dušan in the succession war against his father, and was one of the supreme generals in the southern military expeditions (Macedonia, Thessaly). His province included Ovče Pole and the left bank of the Vardar. After the death of Emperor Dušan, there are no more mentions of Oliver. During the fall of the Serbian Empire, his lands were held by the Dejanovići. LifeJovan was the son a vlastelin Grčin (Грчин, "Greek") who had lands in some part of the Serbian Kingdom. Jovan is referred to in a Ragusan source as Oliver Grčinić, and his knowledge of Greek lends support to the notion of a Greek origin.[1] He ruled his domain, in modern-day North Macedonia, as a semi-independent prince, acknowledging Dušan's suzerainty but not subordinate to him.[1] He probably had supported Dušan's overthrow of his father, King Uroš III, in 1331, and after the death of his first wife, Karavida, in 1336, he married Maria Palaiologina, Dušan's stepmother. There is considerable scholarly debate as to when Jovan Oliver acquired his domains, i.e. whether he held them before Dušan's accession, whether they were granted to him by Dušan as a reward for his support, or whether he gained them as a result of his marriage to Maria.[2] At any rate, he was one of the most powerful nobles under Dušan, and exercised considerable influence over him, as evidenced in the negotiations in July 1342 which led to the decision to support John VI Kantakouzenos in the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347, in exchange for which he hoped to marry his daughter to Manuel Kantakouzenos.[3] He was also active in the 1334 war with the Byzantine Empire, and was present during the subsequent peace negotiations together with Vratko Nemanjić, when Jovan was probably named despotes by Andronikos III Palaiologos.[2] With the death of Hrelja in late 1342, when the latter's domain was split between Jovan Oliver and Dušan, he was able to further expand his lands, including the important towns of Štip and Strumica.[4] In 1341, imitating the Serbian kings, he built the Eastern Orthodox Lesnovo monastery as his endowment.[4] Jovan Oliver outlived Dušan, but after his death, his sons were unable to assert themselves: possibly opposed by a coalition of other nobles, they failed to acquire any positions of importance, and most of their father's lands were taken over by Constantine and John, the sons of sebastokrator Dejan Dragaš of Kumanovo.[5] FamilyHe had 7 children:
Simeon Uroš and Jovan Asen|years=1346–?}}{{s-aft|after=Dejan|as=despot of Uroš V}}{{s-new|First}}{{s-ttl|title=sevastokrator of Stefan Dušan|years=before 1346}}{{s-aft|after=Dejan and Branko}}{{s-bef|before=Gradislav Vojšić|as=čelnik}}{{s-ttl|title=veliki čelnik of Stefan Dušan|years=before 1340–before 1349}}{{s-aft|after=Dimitrije}}{{s-mil}}{{s-break}}{{s-vac|last=Novak Grebostrek}}{{s-ttl|title=veliki vojvoda of Stefan Dušan|alongside=Nikola Stanjević|years={{floruit}} 1341–1355}}{{s-aft|after=Jovan Uglješa|as=veliki vojvoda of Uroš V}}{{s-end}} References1. ^1 {{Harvnb|Fine|1994|p=298}} 2. ^1 {{Harvnb|Fine|1994|p=299}} 3. ^{{Harvnb|Fine|1994|pp=297–298}} 4. ^1 {{Harvnb|Fine|1994|p=300}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Fine|1994|p=358}} Sources
15 : Serbian knights|14th-century Serbian nobility|Generals of Stefan Dušan|People of the Serbian Empire|Medieval Serbian military leaders|Medieval Serbian people of Greek descent|Medieval Macedonia|Despots (court title)|Year of birth uncertain|1356 deaths|Sebastokrators|Medieval Serbian magnates|Ktetors|Founders of Christian monasteries|Medieval Serbian judges |
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