| 词条 | Juana Calderón Tapia |
| 释义 |
|name = Juana Calderón |image name = Juana Calderon.jpg |imagesize = |office = First Lady of Mexico |term_start = 31 October 1876 |term_end = 28 November 1876 |president = |predecessor = Margarita Maza |successor = Trinidad González |birth_date = 1822 |birth_place = Puebla, Puebla |birthname = Juana Calderón Tapia |death_date = {{death year and age|1897|1822}} |death_place = Mexico City |nationality = Mexican |party = Liberal |spouse = José María Iglesias (m.1846-1891) |relations = José María Calderón (father) and Josefa Tapia (mother) |children = José María, Carlos, Julia and Fernando Iglesias |residence = |alma_mater = |profession = First Lady of Mexico |religion = Roman Catholic |website = |footnotes = }} Juana Calderón y Tapia (1822–1897)[1] was the wife of the Mexican lawyer, professor, journalist and politician José María Iglesias, who was president of México between 1876 and 1877. LifeJuana Calderón Tapia was born in Puebla in 1822. She was the daughter of José María Tomás Ignacio Calderón Garcés[2] (1780–1834),[3] a military man who was Governor of Puebla on various occasions, and his wife María Josefa de la Luz Tapia Balbuena, originally from Maravatío and who was a sister of the godmother of Melchor Ocampo.[4] She received a good education, which was unusual at the time. She was orphaned at a young age; subsequently, she lived with her maternal grandfather José Simón Tapia, captain of the Provisional Militia and of the Pátzcuaro regiment,[5] in whose house she was taught how to write.[6] The future President of México, General Pedro María de Anaya, taught her French, which she subsequently learned to read, write, and translate.[6] A very cultured woman, Calderón loved reading; she read books from México, France, and Spain, especially poetry.[6] Calderón married José María Iglesias in May 1849 in Querétaro;[7] the officiating priest at the wedding would soon become Bishop of Tulancingo. Juana focused entirely to his home and to take care to her four children, they had two more but they did not survive to adulthood:
His son Fernando Iglesias wrote "Doña Juana said that women form the character of men and not to undermine her husband always agreed with the decision to slaughter him." In her marriage, Calderón endured separations and dangers related to the political career of her husband, who barely spent months as interim President of México. He died in 1891, after which Calderón returned to private life, never going out or receiving visitors and living a modest life.[6] The "woman of agreeable appearance," as she was sometimes described, died peacefully in her home in the year 1897.[6] Ancestry table{{ahnentafel|align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |1= Juana Calderón (1822–1897) |2= José María Calderón (1780–1834) |3= María Josefa Tapia |4= Francisco Calderón |5= Ana María Micaela Garcés |6= José Simón Tapia |7= María Gertrudis Lorenza Balbuena |14= Alejo Balbuena Figueroa |15= María Gertrudis Micaela Sánchez Picazo }} References1. ^{{cite book|last=Sefchovich|first=Sara|title=La suerte de la consorte|location=Mexico City, Mexico|publisher=Océano|language = Spanish|year=2001|pages=145–146}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Calderon Tapia, Juana}}2. ^LEICHT, Hugo, Las calles de Puebla: Estudio Histórico. México, Gobierno del Estado de Puebla, 1967. 3. ^LEÓN Portilla, Miguel, Diccionario Porrúa de historia, biografía y geografía de México . México, Editorial Porrúa, 1986. 4. ^CONTRERAS Estrada, Tomás, Melchor Ocampo, el agrarista de la reforma . México, Editorial anónima, 1960. Página 13 5. ^{{cite book|last=Valadés|first=José C.|title=Obras|location=Mexico City, México|publisher=Siglo XXI|year= 1992|language=Spanish|page =63}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Andrade|first= Vicente de Paul|title=Esposas de los supremos gobernantes del México Independiente|location=Mexico City, Mexico|year=1901|language=Spanish}} 7. ^{{cite book|publisher=Secretaría de Educación Publica|title=Diez civiles notables de la historia patria|location = Mexico City, Mexico| year=1914|language= Spanish|page= 149}} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |author=SÁNCHIZ Ruiz, Javier|title=Árbol genealógico de Javier Sanchiz Ruiz|url=http://gw5.geneanet.org/index.php3?b=sanchiz&lang=es&m=NG&t=N&n=iglesias+calderon |accessdate=3 May 2009}} 4 : First Ladies of Mexico|1822 births|1897 deaths|People from Puebla |
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