“Just a Minute”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The object of the game is for panellists to talk for sixty seconds on a given subject,^[5] "without hesitation, repetition or deviation". The comedy comes from attempts to keep within these rules and the banter among the participants. In 2011 comedy writer David Quantick ascribed Just a Minutes success to its "insanely basic" format, stating, "It's so blank that it can be filled by people as diverse as Paul Merton and Graham Norton, who don't have to adapt their style of humour to the show at all."^[6]

Throughout its half-century history, the show has, in addition to its popularity in the UK, developed an international following through its broadcast on the BBC World Service and, more recently, on the internet.

History

The idea for the game came to Ian Messiter as he rode on the top of a number 13 bus. He recalled Percival Parry Jones, a history master from his days at Sherborne School who, upon seeing the young Messiter daydreaming in a class, instructed him to repeat everything he had said in the previous minute without hesitation or repetition.^[7] To this, Messiter added a rule disallowing players from deviating from the subject, as well as a scoring system based on panellists' challenges.^[8]

The format was first used in One Minute Please, chaired by Roy Plomley, broadcast on BBC radio between 1951 and 1957.^[9] Whilst the fundamental rules were the same, the game was played in two teams of three rather than with four individual contestants. Other early incarnations of the show, all created by Messiter, include a 1952 version on South African radio, and a television version on the DuMont network in the United States.^[10]

The pilot for the show was recorded in 1967, featuring Clement Freud, Derek Nimmo, Beryl Reid and Wilma Ewart as panellists. The chairman was originally planned to be Jimmy Edwards but he was unavailable on Sundays, the proposed recording dates, and was replaced by Nicholas Parsons who was originally supposed to be a panel member. Parsons did not want the job and only reluctantly took it, just for the pilot episode. After the show settled in, again he found himself in the role of a straight man for the panellists. Although executives at the BBC disliked the pilot, its producer, David Hatch, threatened to resign if he could not oversee a full series. Not wishing to lose Hatch, the BBC acquiesced.^[9]

The show's theme music is Frédéric Chopin's piano Waltz in D flat major, Op. 64, No. 1, nicknamed the "Minute Waltz" (which, despite its name, lasts longer than the 60 seconds taken to complete a round of Just a Minute; the nickname actually refers to "minute" as in "small" rather than the unit of time). The recording used for the theme is of David Haines.^[11]

In 2018, Nicholas Parsons was unable to attend the recording of two editions of the programme as he had the flu. This broke his uninterrupted run of fifty years as a performer on the programme. The episodes were recorded on 1 April 2018 with Gyles Brandreth standing in for Parsons and were broadcast on 4 and 11 June 2018.^[12]

Rules

The panellists are invited, in rotation, to speak for one minute on a given subject (which they are normally not informed of in advance), without "hesitation, repetition or deviation". Over the years, the application of these rules has been inconsistent, and their interpretation is the focus of much of the comic interplay between those appearing, who often challenge the chairman's rulings.

In the early years the rules were more complicated, as special rules were sometimes tried out in addition, on a one-off basis: a ban on the word "is" might apply in a round, for example. But the three basic rules have always applied.

A panellist scores one point for making a correct challenge against whoever is speaking, or the speaker gets a point if the challenge is deemed incorrect. If a witty interjection amuses the audience, but is not a correct challenge, at the chairman's discretion the challenger can nevertheless be awarded an extra point (the "bonus point" rule). A player who makes a correct challenge takes over the subject for the remainder of the minute, or until he or she is successfully challenged. The person speaking when the whistle blows after 60 seconds also scores a point. An extra point is awarded if a panellist speaks for the entire minute without being challenged.

It is rare for a panellist to speak within the three cardinal rules for any substantial length of time, whilst both remaining coherent and being amusing. Therefore, to speak for the full minute without being challenged is a special achievement. However, if a panellist is speaking fluently on a subject, staying reasonably within the three rules, and seems likely to speak for the whole minute, the other panellists often refrain from challenging. On occasion a similar courtesy has been extended by the whistle-blower, who will refrain from indicating the end of the minute so as to not interrupt a panellist in full and entertaining flow (this once led to Paul Merton speaking for one minute and forty seconds on the topic "Ram-raiding"^[13]). There are also occasions when players choose not to buzz because the speaker is amusing the audience by performing badly.

Below is an example of a speech given by Sheila Hancock which lasted for a full minute without being challenged. The subject was "How to win an argument".

On rare occasions, panellists will challenge themselves, usually by mistake or for laughs.^[15] The game rewards those who make entertaining challenges, even if they do not speak for very long. If successful, last-second challenges can be especially rewarding, as they allow one to speak for a short time but earn two points—one for the challenge and one for being the last speaker.

The game is then scored and a winner declared, but the attraction of the show lies less in the contest than in the humour and banter among participants and the chairman.

Participants

Nicholas Parsons has chaired the show since its inception. On nine occasions he has appeared on the panel, and others have acted as chairman including Sir Clement Freud^[16]^[17]^[18], Geraldine Jones^[19], Andrée Melly "as our contribution to the women's liberation movement"^[20], and Kenneth Williams^[21]^[22]^[23]. Ian Messiter was chairman on one occasion in 1977, when Freud arrived late and Nicholas Parsons took his place on the panel.^[24] Parsons had appeared on every show, either as chairman or panelist, until Series 81 Episode 4 when he was absent for the first time in the show's 51 year history. That show, broadcast on BBC Radio 4 at 18:30hrs on the 4th June 2018, was hosted by Gyles Brandreth with guest speakers Paul Merton, Josie Lawrence, Sara Pascoe and Tony Hawks.

Each programme features four panellists, with the exception of six shows in 1968 and another at the end of the 1970–1971 season when there were only three.

Ian Messiter, the show's creator, set the subjects for every show until his death in 1999. Until 1989 he also sat on the stage with a stopwatch and blew a whistle when the sixty seconds were up. He has been replaced by a succession of different whistle-blowers, a role which now falls to the production assistant.

Freud and Nimmo appeared from the first programme in 1967, while Williams joined in the show's second series in 1968. Jones made his début in 1971. After Williams' death in 1988, Merton (a long-time fan of the show) contacted the producer at Nicholas Parsons' suggestion and was invited to participate during the following year.^[25] Nimmo died in 1999, Jones in 2000 and Freud in 2009, leaving Merton as the only regular, although he is not in every edition.

Each of the regulars brought their individual style to playing the game. Clement Freud liked to make lists and to challenge with only a few seconds to go. He was among the show's more competitive players, regularly referring to the rules and deprecating any deviation from them. Derek Nimmo often improvised descriptions of his experiences abroad, many derived from his extensive theatrical tours. He too was highly competitive, and was known for berating the chairman frequently. Peter Jones once said that in all his years playing the game, he never quite got the hang of it; nonetheless, his self-deprecating, laconic style suited the essential silliness of the show. Kenneth Williams was often the star of the show: his flamboyant tantrums, arch put-downs, and mock sycophancy made him the audience's favourite. Williams often stretched out his speeches by extending every syllable to breaking point (some words lasting for up to three seconds), and his outbursts of mock-anger regularly included his catchphrase "I've come all the way from Great Portland Street", as though he had journeyed for miles, when in fact his home was just around the corner from the BBC studios where most recordings took place.^[26] Merton frequently launches into surreal flights of fancy and fantasy, such as claiming to have had unusual occupations or to have experienced significant historical events. He also often wins points by challenging just before the whistle or for humorous challenges, another technique being to say the same word in the singular and the plural, for inexperienced panellists to challenge falsely.^[26]

Over the 50-year history of the show, there have been many other panellists. Those to have appeared frequently, more than 20 times each, are Pam Ayres, Gyles Brandreth, Marcus Brigstocke, Julian Clary, Alun Cochrane, Charles Collingwood, Barry Cryer, Jenny Eclair, Stephen Fry, Sheila Hancock, Tony Hawks, Kit Hesketh-Harvey, Josie Lawrence, Aimi MacDonald, Andree Melly, Chris Neill, Ross Noble, Graham Norton, Sue Perkins, Tim Rice, Wendy Richard, Linda Smith and Liza Tarbuck.

Recording locations

The first show in 1967 was recorded in the Playhouse Theatre in central London, and the 35th anniversary show was also recorded there, and broadcast on New Year's Day 2003.^[28]^[29]

Most shows in the first 30 years were recorded in the Paris Theatre in central London. In 1992, the then-new producer, Sarah Smith, took the show outside central London and recorded some shows in nearby Highgate.^[30] A year later, the show left Greater London for the first time; the first such shows broadcast were recorded in Bury St. Edmunds and Llandudno.^[31]^[32] The show started going to the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1993 and has been there every year since.^[33] Currently most shows, though not all, are recorded at the BBC Radio Theatre in Broadcasting House in central London.

In February 2012, two episodes of the show were recorded at the Comedy Store, in Mumbai in India, the first time the show has recorded outside Britain. The programme played for many years on the World Service and is said to have a large following in India.^[34]

TV versions

Several television versions have been attempted. Two pilot episodes were recorded for television in 1969 and 1981 but never broadcast, except in documentaries about Kenneth Williams.

In 1994, 14 shows were broadcast on Carlton Television, ITV in London. Two additional variations were added: a round in which the team were presented with a mystery object to talk about, rather than a subject, and another round where the audience suggested a topic. Nicholas Parsons chaired the show, and Tony Slattery featured in all programmes. Other panellists were Tony Banks, Tony Blackburn, Jo Brand, Ann Bryson, John Fortune, Clement Freud, Mariella Frostrup, Jeremy Hardy, Tony Hawks, Hattie Hayridge, Kit Hesketh-Harvey, Helen Lederer, Pete McCarthy, Neil Mullarkey, Derek Nimmo, Graham Norton, Nick Revell, Ted Robbins, Lee Simpson, Arthur Smith, Jim Sweeney and Richard Vranch.

In 1995, fourteen more episodes were broadcast. Just a Minute became a team game, with the Midlands and London playing against each other, under team captains Tony Slattery and Dale Winton. Each player earned individual points, which were totalled for each team at the end of the show. Nicholas Parsons again chaired the shows. The gimmick of the audience choosing a subject was abandoned in this series. Other panellists were Tony Banks, Tony Blackburn, Craig Charles, Clement Freud, Mariella Frostrup, Liza Goddard, Jeremy Hardy, Kit Hesketh-Harvey, Helen Lederer, Carolyn Marshall, Graham Norton, Su Pollard, Wendy Richard, Arthur Smith, Jim Sweeney and Richard Vranch. Both this series and the series before were produced by Mike Mansfield.^[35]

In 1999, the BBC televised the show, with 20 episodes recorded during a single week in Birmingham. Nicholas Parsons was again the chairman. There were no regular panellists but those appearing were Pam Ayres, Clare Balding, Isla Blair, Jo Brand, Gyles Brandreth, Ken Bruce, Michael Cashman, Barry Cryer, Stephen Frost, Liza Goddard, Tony Hawks, Peter Jones, Maria McErlane, Richard Morton, Tom O'Connor, Su Pollard, Steve Punt, Wendy Richard, John Sergeant, Brian Sewell, Linda Smith, Richard Vranch and Gary Wilmot. The series was produced by Helena Taylor.

In March and April 2012, the BBC broadcast 10 episodes, recorded over a week at the BBC Television Centre in London, to mark the 45th anniversary of the programme. For the first time, the shows were shown in prime time at 6 pm each night over two weeks on BBC Two. Nicholas Parsons again chaired the programme and Paul Merton appeared in all episodes. Other panellists were Gyles Brandreth, Hugh Bonneville, Marcus Brigstocke, Julian Clary, Stephen Fry, Tony Hawks, Ruth Jones, Phill Jupitus, Miles Jupp, Shappi Khorsandi, Josie Lawrence, Jason Manford, Stephen Mangan, Graham Norton, Sue Perkins, John Sergeant, Liza Tarbuck and Russell Tovey. No changes were made to the format of the game. The shows were produced by Andy Brereton and Jamie Ormerod.^[36]

Audiobook releases

For the show's 25th anniversary in 1992, a two-hour compilation album entitled Just A Minute: Silver Minutes was released on long-play vinyl and cassette. The following year, an eponymous album Just A Minute was released containing three then-recent episodes from 1991 and 1993. A further cassette with four recent episodes entitled Just A Minute 2 followed in 1996. Just A Minute 3 in 1999 saw the start of regular annual releases featuring 4 of the best episodes from the previous year. After Just A Minute 8 in 2004, the following year's release was titled Just A Minute: The Best Of 2005 and an end-of-year collection has been released every year since with Just A Minute: The Best Of 2017 due for release on 2 November.

In 2004, the BBC began a separate annual series of double CD releases collecting older episodes covering the shows first 30 years entitled Just A Classic Minute: Volume 1. Each episode had a newly-recorded introduction by Parsons (for later volumes, Parson and Merton in discussion). The first four volumes were also released in a box set entitled Just A Classic Minute: 40th Anniversary Collection in 2007. The series finished in 2010 with the release of Just A Classic Minute: Volume 7.

In 2010, Just A Minute: Series 56 became the first series to be made available in its entirety for purchase via digital download. This continued up to Just A Minute: Series 67. The pattern resumed for Just A Minute: Series 71 onwards, with complete series also made available on Compact Disc. Just A Minute: Series 79 is due for release on 7 December 2017.

In 2011, five double CDs were released with each volume focusing on a "Classic" selection of each of the main regular panellists (eg. Just A Minute: Classic Kenneth Williams, Just A Minute: Classic Paul Merton, etc.) The five volumes were also available as a box set entitled Just A Minute: The Classic Collection along with a bonus CD. The "Classic Clement Freud" CD and audio download was withdrawn from sites such as Amazon and iTunes following the posthumous revelations about him. A second box set was released in 2014 entitled Just A Minute: Another Classic Collection. It followed the same theme as its predecessor, this time focusing on five non-regulars who are frequent panellists, namely Sheila Hancock, Gyles Brandreth, Jenny Éclair, Stephen Fry and Graham Norton. Once again, there was a bonus disc with the box set which was not available with the separate volumes. In 2015, a third box set entitled Just A Minute: A Further Classic Collection focused on Tim Rice, Wendy Richard, Tony Hawks, Sue Perkins and Julian Clary.

In 2017, a box set entitled Just A Minute: Golden Collection was released to celebrate the show's 50th anniversary. Controversially, more than half the selected episodes featured Freud despite the revelations about him in the previous year.

Other formats

A Swedish version of the show, called På Minuten, has been broadcast on Sveriges Radio P1 since 1969. In India, a Malayalam version, known as Oru Nimisham (ഒരു നിമിഷം), has been broadcast since 2017 on Flowers TV, hosted by Sreekandan Nair; the programme was previously broadcast on Asianet, Dooradarshan and Malayalam radio station Akashavani. A Flemish version, called Zeg eens euh!, was broadcast from 1992 to 1997 on Één, and was revived in 2016 on VIER.

I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue, another BBC radio comedy panel show which occupies the same Monday-night slot in the Radio 4 schedule, occasionally parodies its rival show with a round entitled "Just a Minim".^[37] In this spoof version the contestants must sing songs — always chosen for their highly repetitive lyrics — without repetition, hesitation, or deviation (from the tune.) The chairman, currently Jack Dee who has himself been a guest on Just a Minute, imitates Nicholas Parsons' style.

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://just-a-minute.info/eps.html |title=Just a Minute episode list|publisher=Geocities.com |date= |accessdate=22 Dec 2017}}
2. ^BBC Radio 4 was launched on 30 September 1967, around three months before Just a Minute was created.
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.radioawards.org/winners03/win03_pfv.htm |title=2003 Winners |publisher=Sony Radio Academy Award |accessdate=14 October 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041205211657/http://www.radioawards.org/winners03/win03_pfv.htm |archivedate= 5 December 2004 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
4. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3012217.stm |accessdate=14 October 2010 |title= Sony Radio Awards 2003: Winners |publisher=BBC News |date=8 May 2003 }}
5. ^http://www.radioechoes.com/?page=series&genre=OTR-Quiz&series=Just%20A%20Minute
6. ^guardian.co.uk, 17 May 2011, [https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/tvandradioblog/2011/may/17/just-a-minute-stephen-fry Just a Minute: why it's never paused]
7. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/534931.stm|title=Messiter's game show magic | work=BBC News | date=24 November 1999 | accessdate=5 January 2010}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/comedy/justaminute.shtml|title=Just a Minute|publisher=BBC|accessdate=7 September 2007}}
9. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.ukgameshows.com/ukgs/Just_a_Minute|title=Just a Minute|publisher=UK Game Shows.com|accessdate=10 September 2007}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/nov/25/guardianobituaries1|title=Ian Messiter (obituary)|publisher=The Guardian | location=London|first=Dennis|last=Barker|date=25 November 1999}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6iRBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT351|title=Welcome to Just a Minute!: A Celebration of Britain’s Best-Loved Radio Comedy|first=Nicholas|last=Parsons|date=18 August 2014|publisher=Canongate Books|accessdate=24 October 2018|via=Google Books}}
12. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-44363674|title=Just A Minute presenter Nicholas Parsons misses first show in 50 years|work=BBC News|date=4 June 2018|accessdate=14 June 2018}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://just-a-minute.info/jam288.html|title=JAM:PMerton,DNimmo,CFreud,PJones|publisher=}}
14. ^{{cite episode|title=Episode 633|series=Just a Minute|airdate=2005-07-25|season=50|episode=3}}
15. ^{{cite episode|title=Episode 436|series=Just a Minute|airdate=1994-01-15|season=30|episode=3}}
16. ^{{cite episode|title=|series=Just a Minute|date=|season=|airdate=1968-10-07|episode=}}
17. ^{{cite episode|title=|series=Just a Minute|date=|season=|airdate=1970-02-16|episode=}}
18. ^{{cite episode|title=|series=Just a Minute|date=|season=|airdate=1983-05-09|episode=}}
19. ^{{cite episode|title=|series=Just a Minute|date=|season=|airdate=1968-10-14|episode=}}
20. ^{{cite episode|title=|series=Just a Minute|date=|season=|airdate=1972-04-04|episode=}}
21. ^{{cite episode|title=|series=Just a Minute|date=|season=|airdate=1968-10-21|episode=}}
22. ^{{cite episode|title=|series=Just a Minute|date=|season=|airdate=1970-02-23|episode=}}
23. ^{{cite episode|title=|series=Just a Minute|date=|season=|airdate=1983-10-15|episode=}}
24. ^{{cite episode|title=Episode 230|series=Just a Minute|airdate=1977-01-12|season=11|episode=11}}
25. ^Clement Freud on Just a Minute: A Celebration, BBC Radio 4, 26 May 2009
26. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A330797|title=H2G2 – Just a Minute|publisher=BBC|date=30 June 2000|accessdate=11 September 2007}}
27. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/diane-hart-729794.html |title=Diane Hart – Obituaries, News |publisher=The Independent |date= 4 March 2002|accessdate=7 June 2009 | location=London}}
28. ^{{cite episode|title=Episode 1|series=Just a Minute|airdate=1967-12-22|season=1|episode=1}}
29. ^{{cite episode|title=Episode 577, 35th Anniversary Special|series=Just a Minute|airdate=2003-01-01|season=45|episode=1}}
30. ^{{cite episode|title=Episode 415|series=Just a Minute|airdate=1992-01-04|season=28|episode=1}}
31. ^{{cite episode|title=Episode 424|series=Just a Minute|airdate=1993-01-02|season=29|episode=1}}
32. ^{{cite episode|title=Episode 426|series=Just a Minute|airdate=1993-01-16|season=29|episode=3}}
33. ^{{cite episode|title=Episode 445|series=Just a Minute|airdate=1994-12-31|season=31|episode=2}}
34. ^{{cite web|author= – 13:30 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/just-a-minute/india/ |title=Radio 4 – Just a Minute's Indian Adventure |publisher=BBC |date=13 March 2012 |accessdate=13 May 2012}}
35. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0543809/|title=Mike Mansfield |work=IMDB}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.comedy.co.uk/news/story/00000654/just_a_minute_tv_adaptation/|accessdate=21 October 2011|title=Just A Minute to be adapted for TV for 45th anniversary|date=20 October 2011}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.isihac.co.uk/games/gamesj.html|title=Games Compendium|publisher=The Officially Unofficial I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue web pages}}