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词条 Justin Amash
释义

  1. Early life and career

  2. Michigan House of Representatives

     Election  Tenure 

  3. U.S. House of Representatives

     Elections  2010  2012  2014  2016  2018  Tenure  Political positions  Abortion  Economic issues  Energy  Flint water crisis  Foreign affairs  Gerrymandering  Health care  Immigration  Marijuana legalization and forfeiture  Same-sex marriage  Security and surveillance  Suicide prevention hotline 

  4. Endorsements

  5. Donald Trump

  6. Committee assignments

  7. Caucus memberships

  8. See also

  9. References

  10. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2015}}{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Justin Amash
|image = Justin Amash official photo.jpg
|state = Michigan
|district = {{ushr|MI|3|3rd}}
|term_start = January 3, 2011
|term_end =
|predecessor = Vern Ehlers
|successor =
|state_house1 = Michigan
|district1 = 72nd
|term_start1 = January 1, 2009
|term_end1 = January 1, 2011
|predecessor1 = Glenn Steil
|successor1 = Ken Yonker
|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1980|04|18}}
|birth_place = Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S.
|death_date =
|death_place =
|party = Republican
|spouse = Kara Amash
|children = 3
|education = University of Michigan (BA, JD)
|website = {{url|amash.house.gov|House website}}
}}

Justin A. Amash ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|m|ɑː|ʃ}}; born April 18, 1980) is an American attorney and Republican member of Congress. In January 2011 he began serving as the U.S. Representative for {{ushr|MI|3}}. The district is based in Grand Rapids.

Amash was first elected to the House in the 2010 Congressional election. Previously he was a member of the Michigan House of Representatives representing the 72nd District, which is centered on the city of Kentwood and includes his home in Cascade Township as well as the townships of Caledonia and Gaines. At the age of 30 Amash assumed office as the second youngest U.S. Representative, behind 29-year-old Aaron Schock of Illinois. As of January 2016 Amash is the seventh youngest U.S. Representative. He is chairman of the House Liberty Caucus[1][2][3] and associated with the Tea Party movement.[4][5][6][7][8] Amash has been described and self-identifies as a libertarian Republican.[9][10][11][12][13] He has been described as a "diligent" member of Congress and a "stickler for rules" who has "never missed a vote".[14] In March 2017 Amash missed his first vote as a U.S. Representative, due to getting caught up talking with reporters off the House floor.[15]

Early life and career

Born in Grand Rapids, and raised in Kentwood, Michigan, Amash is the son of a Palestinian Christian father and a Syrian Christian mother.[16]

His father, Attallah, is a business owner, whose family immigrated to the United States in 1956[17] through the sponsorship of a Christian pastor and his family. His mother, Mimi, is a Syrian immigrant to the United States.[18][19]

Amash attended Kelloggsville Christian School in Kelloggsville and graduated as class valedictorian from Grand Rapids Christian High School. He graduated from the University of Michigan magna cum laude with a B.A. degree in economics and earned his J.D. degree at the University of Michigan Law School in 2005.[19] Amash admires economists F. A. Hayek and Frédéric Bastiat.[21]

Amash is married and the father of three children. He is an Orthodox Christian in the Antiochian Archdiocese of North America.[20]

After graduating from the University of Michigan, Amash became a consultant to his family's business. He worked as a corporate attorney for his family's business for a year before being elected to the Michigan House of Representatives in 2008.[21][22]

Michigan House of Representatives

Election

Amash ran for the Michigan House of Representatives in 2008 in Michigan's 72nd House District. During this time, he donated to the campaigns of Congressman Ron Paul and John McCain.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} In the Republican primary, he won a five-way election with 41% of the vote, defeating opponent Ken Yonker by 723 votes, a 6.3% margin. The incumbent, Glenn D. Steil, Jr., was barred from running by term limits.[23] In the general election, Amash defeated Democrat Albert Abbasse 61%–36%.[24]

Tenure

During his initial tenure in the State House, Amash sponsored five resolutions and twelve bills, but none of them passed.[25] While in the State House, he began using his Twitter and Facebook pages to report his floor votes and explain his reasoning.

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2010

{{See also|United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan, 2010#District 3}}

On August 3, 2010, Amash won the five-way Republican primary for the seat vacated by retiring Republican Vern Ehlers with over 40% of the vote. He was endorsed by the Club for Growth,[26] Ron Paul,[27] and FreedomWorks PAC[28] during his primary campaign.

In the general election Amash campaigned on a conservative platform.[19] He defeated Democrat Patrick Miles, Jr. 60%–37%.[29]

In its October 25, 2010, issue, Time magazine named Amash one of its "40 under 40 – Rising Stars of U.S. Politics".[30] At age 30 Amash was the youngest federal officeholder in the United States on Times list.[31]

2012

{{See also|United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan, 2012#District 3}}

Amash won reelection to the U.S. House in 2012, defeating Steve Pestka 53%–44%.[32][33]

2014

{{See also|United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan, 2014#District 3}}

After initial speculation that he might run for the U.S. Senate, Amash confirmed that he would run for reelection to the House of Representatives in 2014.[34][35]

Amash was endorsed by the fiscally conservative Club for Growth PAC, which spent over $500,000 supporting Amash in his Republican primary against former East Grand Rapids School Trustee Brian Ellis, who was endorsed by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and spent more than $1 million of his own money on the race.[36][37][38]

After Amash defeated Ellis in the August primary, with 57.4% of the vote to Ellis's 42.6%, Amash was highly critical of Ellis and former Congressman Pete Hoekstra, who had backed Ellis. Of Hoekstra, Amash said, "You are a disgrace. And I'm glad we could hand you one more loss before you fade into total obscurity and irrelevance." Amash took exception to one of Ellis's television ads that quoted California Republican Congressman Devin Nunes calling Amash "Al Qaeda's best friend in Congress"; he demanded an apology from Ellis for running what he called a "disgusting, despicable smear campaign."[39][40] As Friedersdorf of The Atlantic notes, "Amash voted against the reauthorization of the Patriot Act, favored a measure to repeal indefinite detention, and opposed reauthorization of the FISA Amendments Act."[40]

In the general election Amash defeated Democrat Bob Goodrich and Green Party candidate Tonya Duncan with 58% of the vote.[41]

2016

{{See also|United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan, 2016#District 3}}

Amash won reelection to the U.S. House in 2016 for his fourth term, defeating Democrat Douglas Smith 59%–38%. Taxpayers Party candidate Ted Gerrard finished with 3%.[42]

2018

{{See also|United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan, 2018#District 3}}

Amash won reelection to the U.S. House in 2018 for his fifth term, defeating Cathy Albro, 54.4%–43.2%. U.S. Taxpayers party candidate Ted Gerrard finished 3rd with 2.4% of the vote. Amash was unopposed in the Republican primary.[43]

Tenure

Amash has been noted for his attendance. From January 2011 to January 2019, Amash missed only one of 5,374 roll call votes.[44][49]

[45]

Political positions

Abortion

Amash is pro-life. He opposes abortion and the use of federal funding for abortion.[46]

Amash voted "present" rather than "yes" or "no" on the 2011 Full Year Continuing Appropriations Act, which provided for the cessation of federal funding to Planned Parenthood. He explained, "Legislation that names a specific private organization to defund (rather than all organizations that engage in a particular activity) is improper and arguably unconstitutional".[47] When The New York Times asked him to explain his approach to voting on legislation, he replied, "I follow a set of principles, I follow the Constitution. And that's what I base my votes on. Limited government, economic freedom, and individual liberty."[47]

Economic issues

Amash supports free markets with limited government regulation. He advocates for economic freedom and believes that stimulus programs and government bailouts are ineffective ways to energize the economy. He supports adopting a flat tax in lieu of targeted tax breaks and subsidies. Amash opposes central economic planning, which he believes contributes to unemployment, inflation, and unstable business cycles.[31]

He was one of four Republicans who joined 161 Democrats to oppose a Constitutional amendment that would require a yearly balanced budget, due to serious concerns {{clarify|date=March 2017}} with that specific proposal.[48] Earlier that year, Amash had introduced H.J.Res. 81, an alternative balanced budget amendment that addressed those concerns.[49]

Energy

Amash supports decreased federal intervention in energy-related issues. He wants to eliminate government-sponsored subsidies for energy production and decrease overall regulation. He believes that no form of energy production should be specially favored or restricted. In addition, Amash supports minimizing federal environmental regulations. He voted in favor of the Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011, which would have amended the Clean Air Act of 1963 to prohibit the Environmental Protection Agency from regulating specified greenhouse gasses as air pollutants.[50][51]

Flint water crisis

Amash was the only representative from Michigan to oppose federal aid in response to the Flint water crisis, arguing that "the U.S. Constitution does not authorize the federal government to intervene in an intrastate matter like this one." Instead Amash contended that "the State of Michigan should provide comprehensive assistance to the people of Flint."[52]

Foreign affairs

Amash supports decreasing U.S. military spending, and believes there is significant waste in the military spending of the U.S. Department of Defense.[53]

He believes only Congress has the power to declare war, criticizing President Obama's military intervention against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, and intervention in Syria, for proceeding without a Congressional declaration of war.[54][55]

In 2011 Amash was one of six members of Congress who voted against House Resolution 268 reaffirming U.S. commitment to a negotiated settlement of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict through direct Israeli–Palestinian negotiation, which passed with 407 members in support.[17][56] In 2014 he was one of eight members of Congress who voted against a $225 million package to restock Israel's Iron Dome missile defenses, which passed with 398 members in support.[57] He supports a two-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.[17]

Amash joined 104 Democrats and 16 Republicans in voting against the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), which specified the budget and expenditures of the Department of Defense,[58] calling it "one of the most anti-liberty pieces of legislation of our lifetime".[59] Amash co-sponsored an amendment to the NDAA that would ban indefinite military detention and military trials so that all terror suspects arrested in the United States would be tried in civilian courts. He expressed concern that individuals charged with terrorism could be jailed for prolonged periods of time without ever being formally charged or brought to trial.[60]

On March 14, 2016, Amash joined the unanimous vote in the House to approve a resolution declaring the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) to be committing genocide against religious minorities in the Middle East (it passed 383–0), but joined Representatives Tulsi Gabbard (D-HI) and Thomas Massie (R-KY) in voting against a separate measure creating an international tribunal to try those accused of participating in the alleged atrocities (it passed 392–3).[61]

In 2017 Amash criticized U.S. involvement in Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, arguing that "Al Qaeda in Yemen has emerged as a de facto ally of the Saudi-led militaries with whom [Trump] administration aims to partner more closely."[62]

In July 2017 Amash joined Representatives Thomas Massie (R-KY) and John Duncan Jr. (R-TN) and Senators Rand Paul (R-KY) and Bernie Sanders (I-VT) in opposing a bill that would impose new economic sanctions against Russia, Iran, and North Korea. President Trump opposed the bill, pointing out that relations with Russia were already "at an all-time and dangerous low", but ultimately signed it.[63]

In 2019 Amash signed a letter led by Representative Ro Khanna and Senator Rand Paul to Trump asserting that it is "long past time to rein in the use of force that goes beyond congressional authorization" and that they hoped this would "serve as a model for ending hostilities in the future—in particular, as you and your administration seek a political solution to our involvement in Afghanistan.”[64][65]

Gerrymandering

Amash has expressed opposition to political gerrymandering. He said in 2018, "I firmly believe there should be an independent process for drawing districts. They should be based on geographic considerations, and they should be as compact and contiguous as possible...I always felt the maps should be drawn in a way that is less political and more based on geographic considerations."[66] As of February 2019 Amash was the only member of Michigan's GOP congressional delegation who was not fighting a federal lawsuit challenging the state's political boundaries.[67]

Health care

On May 4, 2017, Amash voted in favor of repealing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) and to pass a revised version of the American Health Care Act.[68] Amash initially opposed the American Health Care Act, describing it as "Swampcare",[69] tweeting that "It didn't take long for the swamp to drain @realDonaldTrump"[70] and criticizing House leadership for attempting to "ram it through."[71] Nevertheless, Amash voted for the updated AHCA plan before the Congressional Budget Office could determine its impact or cost.[72]

Immigration

In July 2018 House Republicans introduced a resolution supporting the officers and personnel of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Amash was the only Republican in the chamber to vote against the resolution.[73][74] He tweeted, "The House voted today on an inane resolution regarding ICE. The resolution makes several dubious claims and denounces calls to abolish ICE. I wouldn't abolish ICE without an alternative, but there's no reason to treat a federal agency as though it's beyond reproach and reform."[74]

In December 2018 Amash was one of eight House Republicans to vote against a stopgap government funding bill that included $5.7 billion in border wall funding. Amash tweeted, "This massive, wasteful spending bill—stuffed with unrelated items—passed 217-185. It’s amazing how some wall funding causes my fellow Republicans to embrace big government."[75]

In February 2019 Amash was the only House Republican to co-sponsor a resolution blocking Trump’s national emergency declaration seeking additional funds to build physical barriers on the southern border. He tweeted, "A national emergency declaration for a non-emergency is void. A prerequisite for declaring an emergency is that the situation requires immediate action and Congress does not have an opportunity to act. @POTUS @realDonaldTrump is attempting to circumvent our constitutional system."[76] On February 25, Amash was one of 13 House Republicans to vote to block Trump's declaration.[77]

Marijuana legalization and forfeiture

Amash and fellow U.S. Representative Ted Lieu (D-CA) introduced a bill[78] to block the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) from financing its Cannabis Eradication Program through civil asset forfeitures.[79]

According to a DEA performance budget submitted to Congress for the fiscal year (FY) 2014, the DEA received $18 million in FY 2013 funding for cannabis eradication from the Department of Justice's Asset Forfeiture Fund.[80] Amash took aim at civil asset forfeiture in a statement, saying that the practice allows for "innocent people to have their property taken without sufficient due process".[81]

Amash co-sponsored H.R. 1227, also known as the Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act of 2017. The bill was introduced by U.S. Representative Thomas Garrett (R-VA).[82]

Same-sex marriage

Amash supported a repeal of the Defense of Marriage Act, saying that the "real threat" to traditional marriage and religious liberty is government, not gay couples.[46][83]

Security and surveillance

Amash has been a frequent critic of the National Security Agency's anti-terrorism surveillance programs.[18][84][85]

He voted against the 2011 reauthorization of the USA PATRIOT Act,[86] the 2012 reauthorization of the FISA Amendments Act,[87] and the USA Freedom Act.[88]

In 2013 Amash and 15 other members of Congress filed an amicus brief in Federal Intelligence Surveillance Court supporting the release of the Court's unpublished opinions regarding the "meaning, scope, and constitutionality" of Section 215 of the Patriot Act.[89]

Amash opposed President Donald Trump's 2017 executive order to temporarily curtail Muslim immigration until better screening methods are devised. He stated: "Like President Obama's executive actions on immigration, President Trump's executive order overreaches and undermines our constitutional system."[90]

Amash proposed an amendment to the reauthorization bill of Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act.[91] The Amash amendment would have required the government in criminal cases to seek a warrant based on probable cause before searching surveillance data for information about Americans.[92][93] While the Amash amendment received bipartisan support as well as support from civil liberties groups including the American Civil Liberties Union,[94] the amendment ultimately failed by a vote of 183 to 233.[95]

Suicide prevention hotline

In July 2018 Amash was the only member of the U.S. House to vote against creating a three-digit suicide prevention hotline. He wrote on Twitter, "It's another good idea without a constitutional basis. I swear an oath to support and defend the Constitution, and I take that oath seriously. Constitutional limits are meaningless if we ignore them whenever we like the policy outcome."[96]

Endorsements

Amash endorsed Ron Paul for president in 2012. Paul's brother, David, was an assistant pastor in Amash's district and endorsed Amash, saying the Michigan congressman shares common ground with Paul. He has also endorsed Senator Rand Paul for president in the 2016 Republican presidential primaries.[97][98] After Paul dropped out of the Republican primary race, Amash endorsed Senator Ted Cruz in his bid for the presidency.[99]

Donald Trump

In 2016 Amash made headlines by joining the list of Republicans who opposed the GOP nominee for President, Donald Trump.[100][101][102] After Trump was elected president, the Huffington Post profiled him in an article with the following title, "The One House Republican Who Can't Stop Criticizing Donald Trump." Amash said, "I'm not here to represent a particular political party; I'm here to represent all of my constituents and to follow the Constitution."[103][104]

On January 14, 2017, Trump sent out a series of tweets criticizing Rep. John Lewis (D-GA), one of the main leaders in the 1960s civil rights movement. Amash responded with a quick quip, "Dude, just stop."[105]

On April 1, 2017, senior White House aide Dan Scavino tweeted that Amash was "a big liability" and urged followers to "defeat him in primary." Amash later referred to Trump as a "childish bully," saying that his attacks would be "constructive in the fifth grade. It may allow a child to get his way, but that's not how our government works."[103][106]

In May 2017 Trump was accused of pressuring fired FBI director James Comey to end an investigation into former national security adviser Michael Flynn.

Amash was reported as the first Republican congressman to publicly state that the allegations, if proven true, merited impeachment.[107] This report is contested by the office of Rep. Carlos Curbelo (R-FL), who claims that he was the first to recognize that if true, the allegations merit impeachment.[108][109]

In June 2018 the Huffington Post asked House Republicans, "If the president pardoned himself, would they support impeachment?" Amash was the only Republican who said "definitively he would support impeachment..."[110] In July 2018 Amash strongly criticized Trump's press conference with Russian president Vladimir Putin. Amash tweeted, "The impression it left on me, a strong supporter of the meeting, is that 'something is not right here.' The president went out of his way to appear subordinate. He spoke more like the head of a vassal state."[111]

When Trump's former attorney Michael Cohen testified before the House Oversight Committee on February 27, 2019, Amash asked him, "What is the truth President Trump is most afraid of people knowing?" Democrat Krystal Ball wrote, "Amash showed how someone actually can exercise oversight responsibility and try to get to the truth, even if the truth might not be in his party’s short-term best interest."[112] CNN editor Chris Cillizza wrote, "The Michigan Republican did something on Wednesday that almost none of his GOP colleagues seemed willing to even try: Ask Cohen questions about his relationship with Trump that might actually shed some new light on not only their relationship but on the President of the United States."[113]

Committee assignments

Note: This list is not complete.

115th Congress
  • Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
    • Subcommittee on Information Technology
    • Subcommittee on National Security
114th Congress
  • Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
    • Subcommittee on National Security
  • Joint Economic Committee
113th Congress
  • Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
    • Subcommittee on Government Operations
    • Subcommittee on National Security
  • Joint Economic Committee
112th Congress
  • Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
    • Subcommittee on Government Organization, Efficiency and Financial Management
    • Subcommittee on TARP, Financial Services and Bailouts of Public and Private Programs
  • Joint Economic Committee
  • Committee on the Budget

The House Republican Steering Committee removed Amash from the House Budget Committee in late 2012 as part of a larger party leadership-caucus shift.[114][115] He joined Tim Huelskamp (R-Kansas) and David Schweikert (R-Arizona) in a letter to Speaker of the House John Boehner, demanding to know why they had lost their committee positions.[116]

A spokesperson for Republican Congressman Lynn Westmoreland of Georgia said that Amash, Huelskamp, and Schweikert had been removed for "their inability to work with other members." Politico said that the three were "the first members pulled off committees as punishment for political or personality reasons in nearly two decades".[117][118]{{rp|p.2}}

Caucus memberships

  • Freedom Caucus (Founding member)[119]
  • Liberty Caucus (Founder and Chairman)[120]
  • Second Amendment Caucus (Founding member)[121]

See also

  • List of Arab and Middle-Eastern Americans in the United States Congress

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://townhall.com/tipsheet/christinerousselle/2016/02/23/rep-justin-amash-endorses-sen-ted-cruz-n2123707|title=Rep. Justin Amash Endorses Sen. Ted Cruz – Christine Rousselle|website=TownHall.com |date=2016-02-23|accessdate=2016-05-27}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/congress/item/19113-house-liberty-caucus-republicans-stand-strong-against-third-iraq-war|title=House Liberty Caucus Republicans Stand Strong Against Third Iraq War|website=Thenewamerican.com|date=2014-09-13|accessdate=2016-05-27}}
3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/04/opinions/amash-house-gop-leadership-is-broken|title=House GOP's 'govern by crisis' model|website=CNN.com|date=2015-10-04|accessdate=2016-05-27}}
4. ^{{cite journal|author=Rucker, Philip|date=2013-10-08|journal=The Washington Post|format=online news blog|title=Tea party favorite Amash draws GOP primary opponent|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/10/08/tea-party-favorite-amash-draws-gop-primary-opponent|accessdate=March 15, 2016}}
5. ^{{cite journal|author=Linskey, Annie|date=2014-08-05|journal=Bloomberg Business|format=news article|title=Michigan Tea Party Congressman Amash Defeats Challenger|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-08-06/michigan-tea-party-congressman-amash-defeats-challenger|accessdate=March 15, 2016}}
6. ^{{cite journal|date=2014-08-06|journal=Fox News|format=news article|title=Michigan GOP Rep. Bentivolio loses primary, while Tea Party-backed Amash survives|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/08/06/tea-party-backed-bentivolio-upset-michigan-gop-house-primary.html|accessdate=March 15, 2016}}
7. ^{{cite journal|author=Krietz, Andrew|date=2014-08-07|journal=mlive.com|format=news article|title=Vintage Justin Amash? Little fallout expected from Tea Party favorite's victory attacks|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2014/08/rep_justin_amash_campaign_agai.html|accessdate=March 15, 2016}}
8. ^{{cite web|author=Corie W. Stephens|url=http://rare.us/story/would-justin-amash-run-for-president|title=Would Justin Amash run for president? – Rare|website=Rare.us|date=2016-02-26|accessdate=2016-05-27}}
9. ^{{cite web|last=Marans |first=Daniel |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/house-reauthorizes-fisa-surveillance_us_5a5791d8e4b068abc338a1f0 |title=House Reauthorizes Controversial Surveillance Law | HuffPost |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com |date=2018-01-11 |accessdate=2018-01-19}}
10. ^{{cite web |author= Matt Welch & Mark McDaniel {{!}} July 28, 2017 |url= https://reason.com/reasontv/2017/07/28/amash-libertarian-sessions-trump |title=Rep. Justin Amash: The Two-Party System Needs to Die |publisher= Reason.com |date= 2017-07-28 |accessdate= 2018-01-19 }}
11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.thejacknews.com/politics/political-highlights/libertarian-congressman-justin-amash-presidential-candidate-2020/|title='Lowercase "L" Libertarian' Congressman Justin Amash is Another Potential 2020 Candidate|date=2017-08-05|work=The Jack News|access-date=2018-08-13|language=en-US}}
12. ^{{cite web|last=Glasser |first=Susan B. |url= https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/03/libertarian-politics-success-failure-donald-trump-era-214847 |title=The End of the Libertarian Dream? - POLITICO Magazine |publisher=Politico.com |date=2007-05-15 |accessdate=2018-01-19}}
13. ^{{cite web|author=Ryan Lovelace |url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/cruz-wins-libertarian-gop-congressmans-endorsement/article/2583946 |title=Cruz wins libertarian GOP congressman's endorsement |publisher=Washingtonexaminer.com |date=2016-02-23 |accessdate=2018-01-19}}
14. ^Bonnie Kristian, "This 35-year-old Republican congressman could revolutionize the House. He should be speaker", theweek.com; retrieved February 21, 2017.
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/house/323419-rep-amash-misses-vote-ends-record-attendance-streak|title=Amash misses vote, ending perfect attendance streak|last1=Marcos|first1=Christina|date=March 10, 2017|work=The Hill|accessdate=March 10, 2017}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://blogs.jta.org/politics/article/2010/10/13/2741260/political-points-hannity-told-me-not-to-come|title=Political Points: Hannity told me not to come|author=Ron Kampeas|date=October 13, 2010|work=JTA-Jewish & Israel News|publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency}}
17. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1211/70145_Page2.html|title=Justin Amash casts himself in Ron Paul's mold|author=Tim Mak|work=POLITICO}}
18. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/11/justin-amash-nsa-surveillance|title=Will GOP Rebel Justin Amash Bring Down the NSA – and His Own Party?|work=Mother Jones}}
19. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.mlive.com/living/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2010/10/profile_3rd_congressional_dist_1.html|title=Profile: 3rd Congressional district candidate Justin Amash|author=Jim Harger|work=The Grand Rapids Press|publisher=M Live|date=October 24, 2010}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/repjustinamash?sk=info|title=Justin Amash profile|website=Facebook.com|date=2011-01-03|accessdate=2016-05-27}}
21. ^{{cite web|last=Newlin|first=Eliza|url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/almanac/person/justin-amash-mi|title=Rep. Justin Amash (R-MI, 3rd District)|publisher=National Journal|accessdate=March 2, 2012}}
22. ^{{cite web|last1=Amash|first1=Justin|title=Justin Amash Full Biography|url=https://amash.house.gov/about-me/full-biography|website=amash.house.gov|publisher=House of Representatives|accessdate=July 12, 2014}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=681378|title=MI State House 072 – R Primary Race|date=August 5, 2008|publisher=Our Campaigns |accessdate=March 2, 2012}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=497448|title=MI State House 072 Race|date=November 4, 2008|publisher=Our Campaigns|accessdate=March 2, 2012}}
25. ^Justin Amash sponsored legislation 2009–2010. Legislature.mi.gov.
26. ^{{cite web|last=Connolly|first=Michael|title=Club for Growth PAC Endorses Justin Amash in Michigan-03|url=http://www.clubforgrowth.org/perm/?postID=13599|accessdate=March 12, 2012}}
27. ^Ron Paul Endorses Justin Amash for Congress, eon.businesswire.com, June 21, 2010.
28. ^{{cite news|title=FreedomWorks PAC Endorses Justin Amash, Candidate in Michigan`s Third Congressional District|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2010/07/29/idUS269196+29-Jul-2010+BW20100729|accessdate=March 12, 2012|newspaper=Business Wire|date=July 29, 2010}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/results/10GEN/06003000.html|title=2010 Official Michigan General Election Results – 3rd District Representative in Congress 2 Year Term (1) Position|publisher=Michigan Department of State|accessdate=March 2, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129155051/http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/results/10GEN/06003000.html|archivedate=January 29, 2014|df=mdy-all}}
30. ^TIME Magazine, "40 under 40 – Rising Stars of U.S. Politics – Justin Amash, time.com; accessed March 10, 2017.
31. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://amashforcongress.com/news/time-magazine-names-justin-amash-one-its-40-rising-stars|title=TIME Magazine names Justin Amash one of its 40 Rising Stars|publisher=Justin Amash for Congress|date=October 14, 2010|accessdate=October 29, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028234600/http://amashforcongress.com/news/time-magazine-names-justin-amash-one-its-40-rising-stars|archivedate=October 28, 2010|df=mdy-all}}
32. ^{{cite web|title=Official Michigan Generaral Candidate Listing|url=http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/candlist/12GEN/12GEN_CL.HTM|website=Miboecfr.nuctusa.com|accessdate=2016-05-27}}
33. ^2012 Election Results Map by State – Live Voting Updates, Politico.com, June 21, 2013.
34. ^{{cite news|last=Alberta|first=Tim|title=Justin Amash Will Not Run for Senate in Michigan|url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/politics/justin-amash-will-not-run-for-senate-in-michigan-20130917|accessdate=January 16, 2014|newspaper=National Journal|date=September 17, 2013}}
35. ^{{cite news|last=Doherty|first=Brian|title=Justin Amash Targeted by Michigan GOP Business Establishment for Lacking Party Discipline|url=http://reason.com/blog/2013/11/10/justin-amash-targeted-by-michigan-gop-bu|accessdate=January 16, 2014|newspaper=Reason|date=October 12, 2013}}
36. ^{{cite web|title=Justin Amash (MI-03) profile|url=http://www.clubforgrowth.org/pac-candidates|work=PAC Candidates|publisher=Club for Growth PAC|accessdate=January 16, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208012452/http://www.clubforgrowth.org/pac-candidates|archivedate=February 8, 2014}}
37. ^{{cite news|last1=Livingston|first1=Abby|title=Club For Growth Back on TV for Justin Amash|url=http://atr.rollcall.com/club-for-growth-justin-amash-brian-ellis-tv-primary/?dcz=|accessdate=August 4, 2014|publisher=Roll Call|date=July 31, 2014}}
38. ^{{cite web|title=Congressional Races {{ndash}} Michigan District 03 Race {{ndash}} Summary Data|url=https://www.opensecrets.org/races/summary.php?cycle=2014&id=MI03|website=Open Secrets|publisher=The Center for Responsive Politics|accessdate=August 8, 2014}}
39. ^{{cite journal|author=Blake, Aaron|date=2014-08-06|journal=The Washington Post|format=major news org. online blog|title=Justin Amash's absolutely amazing victory speech|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2014/08/06/justin-amash-won-on-tuesday-and-then-things-got-interesting-video/?tid=pm_politics_pop|accessdate=March 15, 2016}}
40. ^1 {{cite journal|author=Friedersdorf, Conor|date=2014-08-06|journal=The Atlantic|format=online staff comment|title=Why Justin Amash's Primary Victory Matters|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/08/why-rep-justin-amashs-primary-victory-matters/375634|accessdate=March 15, 2016|quote=Representative Justin Amash, a Michigan Republican, is one of the most important civil libertarians in the House of Representatives. He isn't just a staunch opponent of the NSA's mass surveillance of Americans—he actually has a sophisticated understanding of surveillance policy (unlike the vast majority of his congressional colleagues) as well as a record of bringing forth actual reform proposals./Amash voted against the reauthorization of the Patriot Act, favored a measure to repeal indefinite detention, and opposed reauthorization of the FISA Amendments Act. Little wonder that an ACLU staffer told Mother Jones that he's 'a game changer.'}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/results/2014GEN_CENR.html|title=2014 Michigan Election results|work=Michigan Department of State|accessdate=April 1, 2017}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/results/2016GEN_CENR.html|title=2016 Michigan Election results|work=Michigan Department of State|date=November 28, 2016|accessdate=January 12, 2019}}
43. ^{{cite web |title=2018 Michigan Election Results |url=https://mielections.us/election/results/2018GEN_CENR.html |publisher=Department of State, Michigan |date=November 20, 2018 |accessdate=January 12, 2019 |location=Lansing, U.S.A.}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/justin_amash/412438|title=Justin Amash|publisher=govtrack.us|accessdate=January 12, 2018}}
45. ^{{Thi whole section does not appear impartia. Insteas, facts appear chosen and highlighted to present a carefully depicted profile of the Congressma.}}
46. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ontheissues.org/MI/Justin_Amash.htm|title=Justin Amash on the Issues|website=Ontheissues.org|accessdate=2016-05-27}}
47. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/15/us/politics/15freshman.html|work=The New York Times|first=Jennifer|last=Steinhauer|title=Justin Amash, Republican Freshman, Bucks His Party|date=April 14, 2011}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://thehill.com/homenews/house/194511-balanced-budget-amendment-fails-in-house|title=Balanced-budget amendment comes up short in House vote|work=TheHill|accessdate=March 10, 2017}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-joint-resolution/81|title=H.J.Res.81 – 112th Congress (2011–2012): Proposing a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution of the United States - Library of Congress|work=congress.gov|accessdate=March 10, 2017}}
50. ^Justin Amash – Energy and the Environment, Thepoliticalguide.com, June 13, 2012.
51. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/house-bill/910|title=H.R.910 - 112th Congress (2011-2012): Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011|website=Congress.gov|accessdate=2017-03-10}}
52. ^Nate Reens, Justin Amash stood alone opposing Flint water federal aid bid, MLive.com, January 19, 2016.
53. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/gop-split-over-expected-obama-request-for-more-defense-outlays-1422491129|title=GOP Split Over Expected Obama Request for More Defense Outlays|author1=Kristina Peterson|author2=Julian E. Barnes|date=January 29, 2015|work=WSJ}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/constitution/item/19102-lawmakers-slam-obama-for-skirting-congress-constitution-on-isis|title=Lawmakers Slam Obama for Skirting Congress, Constitution on ISIS|work=thenewamerican.com}}
55. ^{{cite journal|author=Friedersdorf, Conor|date=2013-08-29|journal=The Atlantic|format=online article|title= President Obama Faces Mounting Pressure to Stay Out of Syria|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/08/president-obama-faces-mounting-pressure-to-stay-out-of-syria/279154|quote=President Obama faces increasing pressure from lawmakers, foreign-policy experts, constitutional scholars, and anti-war activists to refrain from striking Syria. Opponents of war worry that an insular group of hawkish Washington, D.C., elites will succeed in prompting an intervention the consequences of which they cannot anticipate, despite widespread public opposition to U.S. involvement. The concerns of Syria anti-interventionists vary, but all agree that the president should not unilaterally decide to attack tyrant Bashar al-Assad's regime, even granting that recent chemical weapons attacks on civilians were atrocious.|accessdate=March 15, 2016}}
56. ^{{cite journal|author=Washington Post Staff|date=2011-07-07|journal=The Washington Post|format=online database entry|title=The U.S. Congress Votes Database: Vote 524, H RES [House Resolution] 268|url=http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/112/house/1/votes/524|accessdate=March 15, 2016}}
57. ^{{cite journal|author=Klapper, Bradley|date=2011-08-01|journal=The Huffington Post|format=online article|title=Senate Approves Additional Iron Dome Funding For Israel|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/01/senate-iron-dome-funding_n_5641627.html|accessdate=March 15, 2016}}
58. ^{{cite web|title=HOUSE VOTE No. 291 IN 2012|url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/112-2012/h291|publisher=govtrack.us|accessdate=July 16, 2012}}
59. ^{{cite web|last=Hunter|first=Jack|url=http://dailycaller.com/2011/12/02/the-terrorists-have-won/#ixzz1guuJTL4Qh|title=The terrorists have won|publisher=The Daily Caller Opinion|date=December 2, 2011|accessdate=March 2, 2012}}
60. ^How Smith-Amash NDAA Amendment Bans Indefinite Detention (FACT SHEET), Human Rights First, November 5, 2012.
61. ^{{cite journal|author1=Shaw, Adam|author2=Pergram, Chad|date=2016-03-16|title=House declares ISIS committing genocide against Christians, other minorities|journal=Fox News|format=online news report|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/03/15/house-declares-isis-committing-genocide-against-christians-other-minorities.html?intcmp=trending|accessdate=March 15, 2016}}
62. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/americas-support-for-saudi-arabias-war-on-yemen-must-end|title=America's Support for Saudi Arabia's War on Yemen Must End|date=April 5, 2017|work=The Nation}}
63. ^{{cite web|url=https://ivn.us/2017/08/03/meet-5-lawmakers-voted-against-russia-sanctions-bill/|title=Meet the 5 Lawmakers Who Voted Against the Russia Sanctions Bill|date=August 3, 2017|website=IVN.us}}
64. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/03/congress-syria-withdrawal-1252185|title=Rand Paul, Ocasio-Cortez praise Trump for Syria withdrawal|first=Burgess|last=Everett|date=April 3, 2019|publisher=Politico}}
65. ^{{cite news|url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/437144-rand-paul-teams-up-with-ocasio-cortez-omar-to-press-trump-on-syria-withdrawal|title=Rand Paul teams up with Ocasio-Cortez, Omar to press Trump on Syria withdrawal|first=Alexander|last=Bolton|date=April 3, 2019|publisher=The Hill}}
66. ^{{cite news |last1=Oosting |first1=Jonathan |title=Amash: Partisan redistricting an ‘ugly’ process |url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2018/10/03/justin-amash-gerrymandering-ugly-process/1511884002/ |accessdate=October 30, 2018 |work=The Detroit News |date=October 3, 2018}}
67. ^{{cite news |last1=Oosting |first1=Jonathan |title=Supreme Court rejects GOP delay bid in gerrymandering lawsuit |url=https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2019/02/04/emails-gop-redistricting-mapmakers-protecting-walberg/2766683002/ |accessdate=February 6, 2019 |work=The Detroit News |date=February 4, 2019}}
68. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/ahca-house-vote|title=How the House voted to pass the GOP health-care bill|website=Washington Post|access-date=2017-05-04}}
69. ^{{cite web|last1=Amash|first1=Justin|url=https://twitter.com/justinamash/status/847671405244145664|title= Didn't vote for #Swampcare because it's just another version of #Obamacare ....|date=March 31, 2017|publisher=Twitter|accessdate=May 4, 2017}} Accessible if registered.
70. ^Kamisar, Ben, "Freedom Caucus member fires back: The swamp drained Trump", The Hill, March 30, 2017; retrieved 2017-05-09.
71. ^{{cite news|last1=Shelbourne|first1=Mallory|title=Amash: GOP wants to 'ram' ObamaCare plan through Congress|url=http://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/322932-amash-gop-wants-to-ram-obamacare-plan-through-congress|accessdate=4 May 2017|publisher=The Hill|date=March 8, 2017}}
72. ^{{cite news|last1=Kliff|first1=Sarah|title=Congress is voting Thursday on a bill to replace Obamacare. The CBO still hasn't scored it.|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/5/3/15536680/voxcare-ahca-vote-cbo-score-absurd|accessdate=4 May 2017|publisher=Vox}}
73. ^{{cite news |last1=Weigel |first1=David |title=The new 'Dr. No': Rep. Justin Amash, marooned in Congress |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/the-new-dr-no-rep-justin-amash-marooned-in-congress/2018/07/31/5e9f9ca2-90e8-11e8-8322-b5482bf5e0f5_story.html |accessdate=August 5, 2018 |work=Washington Post |date=July 31, 2018}}
74. ^1 {{cite web |title=Michigan Republican Congressman Votes No On Supporting ICE |url=http://wbckfm.com/michigan-republican-congressmen-votes-no-on-supporting-ice/ |website=WBCKFM.com |accessdate=August 5, 2018}}
75. ^{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/422424-the-8-republicans-who-voted-against-trumps-border-wall|title=The 8 House Republicans who voted against Trump’s border wall|work=TheHill|accessdate=February 9, 2019}}
76. ^{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/431141-house-conservative-cosponsors-bill-to-block-trumps-emergency-declaration|title=House conservative co-sponsors bill to block Trump's emergency declaration|work=TheHill|accessdate=February 26, 2019}}
77. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/02/26/us/politics/house-vote-trump-national-emergency.html|title=Who Voted to Block Trump’s National Emergency Declaration|work=New York Times|accessdate=March 1, 2019}}
78. ^{{cite news|last1=Ted W. Lieu, Justin Amash|title=Introduction of the Bill.|url=https://lieu.house.gov/sites/lieu.house.gov/files/documents/LIEU_015_xml.pdf|accessdate=February 17, 2016|work=Mr. Ted W. Lieu, Mr. Justin Amash|date=September 16, 2015}}
79. ^{{cite news|last1=Mark Ram|title=Civil Forfeiture for Marijuana Businesses|url=http://marijuanainvestments.org/civil-forfeiture-for-marijuana-businesses|accessdate=February 17, 2016|work=Mark Ram|date=October 5, 2015}}
80. ^{{cite news|last1=U.S. Department of Justice|title=FY 2014 Performance Budget Congressional Submission.|url=http://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/jmd/legacy/2014/05/16/dea-justification.pdf|accessdate=February 17, 2016|work=U.S Department of Justice|date=May 16, 2014}}
81. ^{{cite news|last1=Steven Nelson|title=Congressmen Want to Save Pot Plants From DEA Sickle.|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2015/09/23/congressmen-want-to-save-millions-of-pot-plants-from-dea-sickle|accessdate=February 17, 2016|work=Steven Nelson|date=September 23, 2015}}
82. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/1227/text |title=Text - H.R.1227 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act of 2017 | Congress.gov | Library of Congress |publisher=Congress.gov |date= |accessdate=2018-01-19}}
83. ^Justin Amash Backs DOMA Repeal On Twitter, Huffington Post, March 29, 2013.
84. ^{{cite journal|author=Fung, Brian|date=2013-07-25|journal=The Washington Post|format=major news org. online blog|title=Justin Amash almost beat the NSA. Next time, he might do it.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/07/25/justin-amash-almost-beat-the-nsa-next-time-he-might-do-it|accessdate=March 15, 2016}}
85. ^{{cite web|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/8/how-a-palestinianamericanwonagopprimary.html|title=How a Palestinian-American won a GOP primary|work=aljazeera.com}}
86. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/112-2011/h376|title=S. 990 (112th): PATRIOT Sunsets Extension Act of 2011 – House Vote #376|date=May 26, 2011|accessdate=March 10, 2017}}
87. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/112-2012/h569|title=H.R. 5949 (112th): FISA Amendments Act Reauthorization Act of 2012 – House Vote #569|date=September 12, 2012|accessdate=March 10, 2017}}
88. ^{{cite web|url=http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2015/roll224.xml|format=XML|title=FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 224|website=Clerk.house.gov|accessdate=2017-03-10}}
89. ^{{cite web |title=Brief of Amici Curiae U.S. Representatives Amash, et al |url=https://www.fisc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/Misc%2013-02%20Brief-1.pdf |pages=2 |format=PDF |date=June 28, 2013}}
90. ^{{cite web|last1=Blake|first1=Aaron|title=Coffman, Gardner join Republicans against President Trump's travel ban; here's where the rest stand|url=http://www.denverpost.com/2017/01/29/republicans-on-trump-travel-ban|website=Denver Post|accessdate=January 30, 2017}}
91. ^https://amendments-rules.house.gov/amendments/FISA_amd_01_xml18180933373337.pdf
92. ^{{cite web|author=By CHARLIE SAVAGEJAN. 10, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/10/us/politics/nsa-surveillance-privacy-section-702-amendment.html |title=Surveillance and Privacy Debate Reaches Pivotal Moment in Congress - The New York Times |publisher=Nytimes.com |date=2018-01-10 |accessdate=2018-01-19}}
93. ^{{cite web|author=Published 10:43 a.m. ET Jan. 11, 2018 |url=http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2018/01/11/house-amash-warrantless-surveillance-reform/109357826/ |title=House rejects Amash measure on warrantless surveillance |publisher=Detroitnews.com |date=2018-01-11 |accessdate=2018-01-19}}
94. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/01/11/house-vote-privacy-advocates-offer-changes-controversial-surveillance/1020930001/ |title=House votes to renew a surveillance law that collects Americans' emails |publisher=Usatoday.com |date=2018-01-11 |accessdate=2018-01-19}}
95. ^http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2018/roll014.xml
96. ^{{cite news |last1=Burr |first1=Thomas |title=House passes Rep. Stewart’s bill to create a national suicide prevention hotline |url=https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2018/07/24/house-passes-rep-stewarts/ |accessdate=July 25, 2018 |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |date=July 24, 2018}}
97. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1211/70145.html#ixzz1gutZ0ngo |title=Justin Amash casts himself in Ron Paul's mold|last=Mak|first=Tim|publisher=Politico|date=December 8, 2011|accessdate=March 2, 2012}}
98. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/justinamash/posts/194465963958694|title=Justin Amash Endorses Ron Paul|publisher=Facebook|accessdate=September 18, 2011}}
99. ^{{cite web|author=Jesser Byrnes|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/270395-rep-amash-endorses-cruz|title=Rep. Amash endorses Cruz|newspaper=The Hill|date=February 23, 2016}}
100. ^{{cite web|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/278141-republicans-who-vow-to-never-back-trump|title=Republicans who vow to never back Trump|last1=Britzky|first1=Haley|last2=Barr|first2=Luke|last3=Dunn|first3=Andrew|date=April 29, 2016|work=The Hill|accessdate=May 5, 2016}}
101. ^{{cite news|first=Natalie|last=Andrews |date=February 20, 2017 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/justin-amash-emerges-as-leading-critic-of-fellow-republican-donald-trump-1487599201 |title=Justin Amash Emerges as Leading Critic of Fellow Republican Donald Trump|newspaper=wsj.com|accessdate=February 21, 2017}}
102. ^{{cite web|first=Theodore|last=Bunker|date=February 20, 2017|website=Newsmax |url=https://www.newsmax.com/Politics/Justin-Amash-Trump-Critic-GOP/2017/02/20/id/774589/ |title=WSJ: Justin Amash Becoming Trump's Leading Critic in the GOP|accessdate=February 21, 2017}}
103. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Watson|first1=Kathryn|title=Trump aide calls for primary challenge against Freedom Caucus member|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-aide-dan-scavino-calls-for-amash-primary-challenger/|website=CBS News|accessdate=March 11, 2018}}
104. ^{{cite news|last1=Fuller|first1=Matt|title=The One House Republican Who Can't Stop Criticizing Donald Trump|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/justin-amash-donald-trump_us_58406d7ae4b017f37fe35a9e|accessdate=March 11, 2018|work=Huffington Post|date=December 27, 2016}}
105. ^{{cite web|last1=Gibbons|first1=Lauren|title=Michigan Congressman Justin Amash to Donald Trump: 'Dude, just stop'|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/index.ssf/2017/01/michigan_congressman_justin_am.html|website=MLive.com|publisher=MLive Media Group|accessdate=March 11, 2018}}
106. ^{{cite web|title=White House aide calls for primary challenge against Rep. Amash|url=http://fox17online.com/2017/04/01/white-house-aide-calls-for-primary-challenge-against-rep-amash/|website=Fox 17 West Michigan|accessdate=March 11, 2018}}
107. ^{{cite web|url=http://thehill.com/homenews/house/333803-first-republican-raises-impeachment-for-trump|title=First Republican raises impeachment for Trump|first=Elliot|last=Smilowitz|date=May 17, 2017|work=The Hill}}
108. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/lawmaker-insists-i-m-first-republican-raise-impeachment-n762031|title=Republican Carlos Curbelo Wants You to Know He Called for Impeachment First|date=May 31, 2017|first=Alex|last=Seitz-Wald|work=NBC News}}
109. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/05/amash-trump-impeachment|title=Two GOP Congressmen Suggest Trump May Have Committed Impeachable Offense|date=May 17, 2017|first=AJ|last=Vicens|website=Mother Jones}}
110. ^{{cite news|last1=Reilly|first1=Ryan|last2=Delaney|first2=Arthur|last3=Fuller|first3=Matt|title=What Will House Republicans Do If Trump Pardons Himself? We Asked Them.|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/trump-pardon-impeachment-house-gop_us_5b195f54e4b09d7a3d6ff81e|accessdate=June 9, 2018|work=Huffington Post|date=June 7, 2018}}
111. ^{{cite web|url=http://thehill.com/homenews/house/397787-gop-lawmaker-trump-went-out-of-his-way-to-appear-subordinate-at-putin-press|title=GOP lawmaker: Trump 'went out of his way to appear subordinate' at Putin press conference|work=TheHill|accessdate=July 19, 2018}}
112. ^{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/opinion/white-house/431907-justin-amash-is-the-unlikely-gop-hero-of-cohen-hearing|title=Justin Amash is the unlikely GOP hero of Cohen hearing|work=TheHill|accessdate=February 28, 2019}}
113. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/28/politics/michael-cohen-house-oversight-russia-congress/index.html|title=The winners and losers of Michael Cohen's House hearing|work=CNN.com|accessdate=February 28, 2019}}
114. ^Wing, Nick, "Tim Huelskamp: John Boehner Guilty Of 'Petty, Vindictive Politics' In Committee Ousters", The Huffington Post, December 12, 2012.
115. ^Weiner, Rachel, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2012/12/05/conservatives-bite-back-at-gop-leadership-over-purge/ "Conservatives bite back over House GOP purge"], washingtonpost.com, December 5, 2012; retrieved January 2, 2013.
116. ^{{cite web|title=Booted from plum committee seats, three GOP reps want answers|date=December 8, 2012|url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2012/12/08/booted-from-plum-committee-seats-three-gop-reps-want-answers|first=Gregory|last=Wallace|publisher=CNN|work= Political Ticker (blog)|accessdate=December 8, 2012}}
117. ^{{cite news|last=Allen|first=Jonathan|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2012/12/house-leaders-make-examples-of-obstinate-members-85034.html|title='The a—hole factor'|publisher=Politico|date=December 13, 2012|accessdate=May 8, 2014}}
118. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.rollcall.com/news/obstinate_factor_continues_to_roil_gop-219926-1.html|title='Obstinate' Factor Continues to Roil GOP|date=December 12, 2012|accessdate=April 30, 2014|publisher=Roll Call}}
119. ^{{cite web|url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/the-hard-line-republicans-who-pushed-john-boehner-out|first1=Carl|last1=Bialik|first2=Aaron|last2= Bycoffe|title=The Hard-Line Republicans Who Pushed John Boehner Out|date=September 25, 2015|work=FiveThirtyEight|accessdate=2015-09-28}}
120. ^{{Cite news|url=https://amash.house.gov/about/committees-and-caucuses|title=Committees and Caucuses|date=2012-12-13|work=U.S. Representative Justin Amash|access-date=2017-06-20|language=en}}
121. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2016/12/rep_justin_amash_among_founder.html|title=Rep. Justin Amash among founders of pro-gun 'Second Amendment Caucus'|publisher=mLive|accessdate=December 27, 2016}}

External links

  • [https://amash.house.gov/ Congressman Justin Amash] official U.S. House website
  • [https://www.justinamash.com/ Campaign website]
  • {{Dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/Michigan/Government/Federal/US_House_of_Representatives/Justin_Amash_%5BR-3%5D}}
  • {{C-SPAN|justinamash}}
  • {{CongLinks | congbio =A000367 | votesmart =105566 | fec =H0MI03126 | congress =justin-amash/A000367 }}
{{s-start}}{{s-par|us-mi-hs}}{{s-bef|before=Glenn Steil}}{{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|Member of the Michigan House of Representatives
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27 : 1980 births|Living people|21st-century American lawyers|21st-century American politicians|21st-century Eastern Orthodox Christians|American libertarians|American people of Levantine-Eastern Orthodox Christian descent|American people of Palestinian descent|American people of Syrian descent|American politicians of Palestinian descent|American politicians of Syrian descent|Anti-corporate activists|Christian libertarians|Drug policy reform activists|Greek Orthodox Christians from the United States|Members of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch|Members of the Michigan House of Representatives|Members of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan|Michigan Republicans|Monetary reformers|Non-interventionism|People from Kentwood, Michigan|Politicians from Grand Rapids, Michigan|Privacy activists|Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives|Tea Party movement activists|University of Michigan Law School alumni
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