| 词条 | Kempsey, New South Wales |
| 释义 |
| type = Town | name = Kempsey | state = NSW | image = | caption = | image_alt = | relief = | coordinates = {{coord|31|5|S|152|50|E|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = left | map_alt = | pop = 14,754 | pop_year = {{CensusAU|2016}} | pop_footnotes = [1] | poprank = | density = | density_footnotes = | established = 1836 | established_footnotes = | abolished = | gazetted = | postcode = 2440 | elevation = 2.3 | elevation_footnotes = | area = | area_footnotes = | timezone = | utc = | timezone-dst = | utc-dst = | mayor = Liz Cambell | mayortitle = | dist1 = 345 | dir1 = | location1 = Sydney | lga = Kempsey Shire | region = Mid North Coast | county = | parish = All Saints Catholic Parish | stategov = Oxley[2] | fedgov = Cowper[3] | url = | maxtemp = 38 | maxtemp_footnotes = | mintemp = 1 | mintemp_footnotes = | rainfall = 1220.5 | rainfall_footnotes = | near-n = | near-ne = | near-e = | near-se = | near-s = | near-sw = | near-w = | near-nw = | near = | footnotes = }} Kempsey is a town in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, Australia and is the council seat for Kempsey Shire. It is located 15 kilometres inland from the coast of the Pacific Ocean, on the Macleay Valley Way near where the Pacific Highway and the North Coast railway line cross the Macleay River. It is roughly 345 kilometres north of Sydney. Kempsey historyEuropean settlementEnoch William Rudder is credited with founding the settlement. He arrived from Birmingham in 1834 and bought land on the southern bank of the river in 1836, at what was then the limit of authorized settlement (the boundary of County Macquarie). He was initially attracted by red cedar cutting opportunities but planned also to profit by selling parts of his land. He had riverside blocks surveyed and established a private town, with the first blocks sold in November 1836. He called it Kempsey because the surrounding areas reminded him of the Kempsey Valley in Worcestershire.[4] The collapse in red cedar prices in the early 1840s nearly led to the failure of the town.[5][6] The main (and most flood-prone) part of Kempsey was founded by John Verge, sub-dividing a grant on the flood-plain opposite Rudder's settlement. In 1854, a government town was surveyed at West Kempsey and government facilities moved there when it became clear that no town would form around the police station and courthouse at Belgrave Falls. Rudder's settlement was renamed East Kempsey.{{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} Kempsey initially flourished as a centre for logging and sawmilling. Large reserves of Australian red cedar Toona australis, (sold in Britain and the USA as 'Indian mahogany') were extracted down until the 1920s, and with greater difficulty until the 1960s, by which time the resource was effectively exhausted. {{Citation needed|date=December 2015}} Dairying was the major industry in the area until the 1960s, with a Nestlé Milo factory at nearby Smithtown, and several cheese and butter factories. Heritage listingsKempsey has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
Climate{{Weather box|width=auto|location = Kempsey (Kempsey Airport AWS, 2001-) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 43.9 |Feb record high C = 46.7 |Mar record high C = 42.0 |Apr record high C = 33.2 |May record high C = 30.6 |Jun record high C = 27.5 |Jul record high C = 27.8 |Aug record high C = 35.8 |Sep record high C = 37.0 |Oct record high C = 39.2 |Nov record high C = 39.8 |Dec record high C = 42.3 |year record high C = 46.7 |Jan high C = 29.3 |Feb high C = 28.9 |Mar high C = 27.4 |Apr high C = 25.2 |May high C = 22.5 |Jun high C = 20.1 |Jul high C = 19.9 |Aug high C = 21.6 |Sep high C = 24.4 |Oct high C = 25.8 |Nov high C = 27.0 |Dec high C = 28.2 |year high C = 25.0 |Jan low C = 17.8 |Feb low C = 18.0 |Mar low C = 16.4 |Apr low C = 13.1 |May low C = 8.7 |Jun low C = 6.8 |Jul low C = 5.0 |Aug low C = 5.3 |Sep low C = 8.2 |Oct low C = 10.9 |Nov low C = 14.5 |Dec low C = 16.2 |year low C = 11.7 |Jan record low C = 10.0 |Feb record low C = 11.9 |Mar record low C = 9.2 |Apr record low C = 3.0 |May record low C = -2.3 |Jun record low C = -2.6 |Jul record low C = -3.6 |Aug record low C = -2.2 |Sep record low C = -0.4 |Oct record low C = 1.2 |Nov record low C = 5.8 |Dec record low C = 7.6 |year record low C = -3.6 |rain colour=green |Jan rain mm = 124.0 |Feb rain mm = 159.2 |Mar rain mm = 155.4 |Apr rain mm = 74.4 |May rain mm = 68.7 |Jun rain mm = 116.4 |Jul rain mm = 22.6 |Aug rain mm = 59.7 |Sep rain mm = 43.7 |Oct rain mm = 74.2 |Nov rain mm = 111.3 |Dec rain mm = 101.5 |year rain mm = 1128.4 |Jan precipitation days = 14.1 |Feb precipitation days = 14.2 |Mar precipitation days = 15.6 |Apr precipitation days = 13.6 |May precipitation days = 12.0 |Jun precipitation days = 13.6 |Jul precipitation days = 9.8 |Aug precipitation days = 8.3 |Sep precipitation days = 9.1 |Oct precipitation days = 10.2 |Nov precipitation days = 13.6 |Dec precipitation days = 14.2 |year precipitation days = 148.3 |Jan afthumidity = 58 |Feb afthumidity = 62 |Mar afthumidity = 60 |Apr afthumidity = 59 |May afthumidity = 54 |Jun afthumidity = 54 |Jul afthumidity = 48 |Aug afthumidity = 44 |Sep afthumidity = 48 |Oct afthumidity = 53 |Nov afthumidity = 59 |Dec afthumidity = 57 |year afthumidity = 55 |source = Bureau of Meteorology[10] }} FloodsGeographically, Kempsey stretches out around a long loop of the Macleay River at the top of the flood-plain. It is famous for its floods. The 1949 flood was particularly destructive, having washed a large part of the town centre away when the railway viaduct (which was acting as a dam-wall due to a build-up of debris against the approaches to the railway bridge) gave way. {{Citation needed|date=December 2015}} The area most affected by this flood is now the site of playing fields. The shire council has a policy of buying up land in areas designated as flood plains and many houses have been transported to higher ground in recent years. Other major floods occurred in 1949, 1950, 1963, 2001, 2009, 2013. EconomyKempsey has a history of economic problems and disadvantage. Of the 10,374 resident in the area 1,573 worked full-time and 1,105 worked part-time. The area has an unemployment rate significantly higher than the national average. A plurality (35.1) of children live in families in which no member works. The median weekly household income is $691, nearly half the national average.[11] Despite a period of economic stagnation in past decades {{Citation needed|date=November 2015}} compared to nearby coastal centres of growth, Kempsey has a growing local economy based on tourism, farming and service industries. As a local centre it has many shops and services including three major supermarkets, a department store and fast food chain stores such as Subway. In 2014, the Australian Bureau of Statistics ranked Kempsey as one of the poorest Local Government areas in New South Wales.[12] A Coles supermarket development (known as the "Kempsey Central Shopping Centre") has been built and is situated where the Tattersalls Hotel and various small businesses were in Little Belgrave Street. This shopping centre opened on 6 December 2008. Growing industries include wineries and nut production.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} Kempsey is a service centre for the nearby coastal resorts of South West Rocks, Arakoon, Hat Head, and Crescent Head, which are popular places for retirees and holiday-makers alike.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} DemographicsAccording to the 2016 Australian Census the median age in the Kempsey area is 42. 16.7% of residents are Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, with the median age of that group being 23. 84.2% of people were born in Australia. compared with the national average of 66.7%. The next most common country of birth was England at 1.6%. 72.8% reported having both parents born in Australia; this is significantly higher than the national average of 47.3%. 84.9% of Kempsey residents spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were Catholic 23.5%, No Religion 23.1% and Anglican 20.8%.[1] CrimeIn recent decades Kempsey has attracted attention for its high and rising rate of crime when compared with state averages.[13] In 2016 crime figures released by the NSW Police Force revealed crime levels in Kempsey are two times the state average.[14] Break and enter is a particular problem, with a rate three times the state average. From 2014-2016 most crimes increased in Kempsey, with domestic violence, robbery with a firearm and break and enters all rising. In 2015 it was reported in the Sydney Morning Herald that Kempsey was experiencing violent crime linked to ice addiction.[15] Offences for methamphetamine trafficking are roughly twice the state average. There followed a proactive program of crime prevention and community safety initiatives funded through the Australian, NSW and local government that has seen the town revitalised and crime incidents reduced. The 2016-17 Annual Report of Kempsey Shire Council indicated 80% of residents felt safe in their homes and public spaces. FacilitiesGovernment buildings such as the council chambers, library and several offices - are located west of the North Coast Railway line in West Kempsey. This area is not subject to the flooding that the CBD occasionally sees and is seen as a second business district with a variety of businesses and banking facilities. Opened in July 2004, the Mid North Coast Correctional Centre, a minimum to medium prison for 500 male and female inmates, is located in Aldavilla, approximately {{convert|14|km}} west of Kempsey. There is plans to add extra housing for more inmates by 2020. TransportUntil a new 14.5 kilometre bypass opened on 27 March 2013, the Pacific Highway passed through Kempsey. The former alignment is now known as the Macleay Valley Way. The new bypass included a 3.2 kilometre Macleay River Bridge, the longest bridge in Australia.[16][17] Kempsey railway station is located on the North Coast line providing a connection to Sydney and Brisbane. EducationPrimary schools
High schools
Notable people{{div col|colwidth=36em}}
See also{{Commons category|Kempsey, New South Wales}}{{clear}}References1. ^1 {{Census 2016 AUS|id=1016 |name=Kempsey |accessdate=30 November 2017 |quick=on}} 2. ^{{cite web | title=Oxley Electoral District | publisher = New South Wales Electoral Commission | url = http://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/state_government_elections/electoral_districts/all_districts_/oxley | accessdate = 2008-03-17}} 3. ^{{cite web | title=Cowper | publisher = Australian Electoral Commission | url = http://www.aec.gov.au/profiles/c/cowper.htm | accessdate = 2006-11-21}} 4. ^{{NSW GNR|id = MalpBKZTuj|title = Kempsey|accessdate = 4 August 2013}} 5. ^Valley of the Macleay, Marie H. Neil, 1972, {{ISBN|0-85587-037-0}} 6. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/New-South-Wales/Kempsey/2005/02/17/1108500196945.html | work=The Sydney Morning Herald | title=Kempsey | date=2004-02-08}} 7. ^{{cite NSW SHR|5051287|Kempsey Post Office|hr=01420|fn=H00/00158|accessdate=18 May 2018}} 8. ^{{cite NSW SHR|5012062|Kempsey rail bridge over Macleay River|hr=01041|accessdate=18 May 2018}} 9. ^{{cite NSW SHR|5045533|St Andrew's Presbyterian Church and Hall|hr=00384|fn=S90/04818 & HC 33045|accessdate=18 May 2018}} 10. ^{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_059007_All|site_name=Kempsey Airport AWS|accessdate=25 July 2017}} 11. ^ 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-03/kempsey-ranked-as-one-of-the-poorest-regions-in-nsw/5568070|title=Kempsey shire among NSW's poorest|date=3 July 2014|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Commission}} 13. ^ 14. ^ 15. ^ 16. ^"Kempsey bypass open" ABC News 27 March 2013 17. ^Kempsey bypass completed Roads & Maritime Services 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/talkingheads/txt/s1989104.htm|title=Tom Keneally, interviewed by Peter Thompson| work=Talking Heads|publisher=ABC Television|date=30 July 2007 |accessdate=2008-11-12}} External links
6 : Towns in New South Wales|Mid North Coast|1836 establishments in Australia|Populated places established in 1836|Kempsey Shire|Kempsey, New South Wales |
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