Kanerva is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Emma Kanerva (born 1985), Finnish dressage rider
• Ilkka Kanerva (born 1948), Finnish politician
• Janne Kanerva (born 1970), Finnish weightlifter
• Juho Kanerva (born 1990), Finnish artistic gymnast
• Markku Kanerva (born 1964), Finnish football manager and former player
• Pentti Kanerva, American neuroscientist
• Silja Kanerva (born 1985), Finnish sailor
• William Kanerva (1902–1956), Finnish football player

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