| 词条 | Kapālama |
| 释义 |
Kapālama, now often called Pālama, is a neighborhood of Honolulu, Hawaii.[1] It is often combined with the adjacent Kalihi and referred to as a single entity, Kalihi–Pālama. HistoryThe name comes from ka pā lama in the Hawaiian language which means "the enclosure of lama wood".[2] "Lama" was the Hawaiian name for endemic ebony trees of genus Diospyros that were used in religious ceremonies.[3] Traditional land divisions (ahupua{{okina}}a) in ancient Hawaii were agricultural units that ran from the seashore to mountains. The shoreline areas of Kapālama were later developed into part of Honolulu harbor. The upland areas of Kapālama developed into ‘Ālewa Heights, and the main campus of Kamehameha Schools.[4] Other educational institutions range from Honolulu Community College to the Kapālama Elementary school. Palama Street at {{coord | 21|19|24|N| 157|51|53|W| type:landmark_region:US-HI |display=inline, title}}, and Kapālama Avenue at {{coord | 21|20|5|N| 157|51|58|W| type:landmark_region:US-HI |display=inline |name= Kapālama Avenue }}, are named for the neighborhood. The Kapālama Stream[5] starts at {{coord | 21|21|27|N| 157|49|46|W| type:landmark_region:US-HI |display=inline |name= Kapālama Stream}} and then runs into the Kapālama canal and basin.[6] To the northwest is the neighborhood of Kalihi, and to the southeast downtown Honolulu. The Kapalama Military Reservation, constructed for logistical support in World War II was scheduled to close.[7] A museum has been proposed in a building that served as a morgue during the Vietnam War in the 1960s.[8] The Palama fire station at 879 North King Street was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Oahu as site 76000661 April 21, 1976, along with other Fire Stations of Oahu. It was designed in 1901 by Oliver G. Traphagen.[9] The Kaumakapili Church was moved to 766 North King Street after the 1900 fire in Chinatown. It was originally established on April 1, 1838, as a Protestant church for common people, to supplement the Kawaiahao Church which was generally intended for nobility. From 1881 to 1888 a new brick and wood frame structure was built. Temporary services were held until the new structure was built. Ground was broken on May 7, 1910, and the new building dedicated on June 25, 1911. It is located at the southern end of Palama Street at {{coord | 21|19|17|N| 157|51|59|W| type:landmark_region:US-HI |display=inline |name= Kaumakapili Church}}[10] After much damage through the years, members raised US$2.4 million for a renovation starting in 1993 of the Gothic Revival architecture building.[11] Peter Cushman Jones established a Palama Chapel in the area in 1896. After the 1900 fire, James Arthur and Ragna Helsher Rath added social services to the center and called it Palama Settlement.[12] The center, located at 810 North Vineyard Boulevard at Palama Street {{coord | 21|19|24|N| 157|51|51|W| type:landmark_region:US-HI |display=inline |name= Palama Settlement}} continues to offer community recreation and educational programs.[13]The martial art of Kajukenbo was developed at the Palama Settlement.[14] References1. ^{{gnis|1853016}} 2. ^{{cite web |url= http://ulukau.org/cgi-bin/hpn?e=p&a=q&l=en&q=Kapalama&d=HASHcfd2017f33431bac3a7ff3 |title=lookup of Kapalama |work= on Hawaiian place names |author= Lloyd J. Soehren |year=2004 |publisher= Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library |accessdate= August 25, 2010 }} 3. ^{{cite web |url= http://wehewehe.org/cgi-bin/hdict?e=q&a=q&l=en&q=lama&d=D10372 |archive-url= https://archive.is/20120716031640/http://wehewehe.org/cgi-bin/hdict?e=q&a=q&l=en&q=lama&d=D10372 |dead-url= yes |archive-date= July 16, 2012 |title= lookup of lama |work= on Hawaiian dictionary |author= Mary Kawena Pukui and Elbert |year= 2003 |publisher= Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii |accessdate= August 25, 2010 }} 4. ^{{cite web |title= Kapālama Campus |work= official web site |publisher= Kamehameha Schools |url= http://kapalama.ksbe.edu/ |accessdate= August 25, 2010 }} 5. ^{{gnis|360501|name=Kapālama Stream}} 6. ^{{gnis|360512|name=Kapālama Drainage Canal }} 7. ^{{cite web |title= Enhanced Preliminary Assessment, Kapalama Military Reservation, Honolulu, Hawaii |work= US Defense Technical Information Center web site |url= http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA262480 |date= February 1990 |accessdate= August 25, 2010 }} 8. ^{{cite news |title= Some seek to preserve former morgue |author= William Cole |newspaper= Honolulu Advertiser |date= March 24, 2008 |url= http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2008/Mar/24/ln/hawaii803240320.html |accessdate= August 25, 2010 }} 9. ^{{NRISref|2009a}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=History of Kaumakapili Church|url=http://www.kaumakapili.org/about-us/history.html|publisher=Kaumakapili Church|accessdate=December 27, 2013}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Kaumakapili Church Restoration|url=http://masonarch.com/projects/restoration/kaumakapili.html|publisher=Mason Architects|accessdate=December 27, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204122521/http://masonarch.com/projects/restoration/kaumakapili.html|archivedate=February 4, 2011}} 12. ^{{cite news |title= Palama Settlement |author= Mike Gordon |newspaper= Honolulu Advertiser |date= July 2, 2006 |url= http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/150/sesq2palama |accessdate= August 25, 2010 }} 13. ^{{cite web |title= Palama Settlement |work= official web site |date= January 2010 |url= http://www.palamasettlement.org/docs/2010_Palama_Settlement_Brochure_vJan10.pdf |accessdate= August 25, 2010 }} 14. ^{{cite book |title= Kajukenbo —the Original Mixed Martial Art |author= John Evan Bishop |page= 20 |year= 2006 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=nZEqrYW4rkIC&pg=PA20 |isbn= 978-1-59872-609-1 }} Further reading
1 : Neighborhoods in Honolulu |
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