| 词条 | Karen Ulane |
| 释义 |
|name = Karen Ulane |image = |caption = |birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1941|12|10}} |birth_place = Chicago, Illinois |death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1989|5|22|1941|12|10}} |death_place = near DeKalb, Illinois |spouse = |residence = |citizenship = |occupation = Aviation |known_for = Legal precedent for transsexual people under Civil Rights Act of 1964 }}Karen Frances Ulane (December 10, 1941 – May 22, 1989) was an American airline pilot who was dismissed by Eastern Airlines after undergoing sex reassignment surgery in 1980.[1] The case Ulane v. Eastern Airlines became the federal legal precedent for transsexual legal status under the Civil Rights Act of 1964.[2] Life and careerUlane was born in Chicago, Illinois and graduated from St. Ignatius College Prep. Ulane joined the United States Army and flew combat missions in the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968, then became a pilot for Eastern Airlines.[2] Following employment with Eastern Airlines, Ulane transitioned from Kenneth to Karen Frances in April 1980.[2] T.R. Buttion, the Senior Vice President of Flight Operations presented her with a letter of termination on April 24, 1981 that read, "It is our belief that the controversial nature of the operation you have undergone will detract from and prevent any flight crew of which you are a part of from operating in the integrated, coordinated fashion that is necessary to attain the highest degree of safety." The letter also noted that other Eastern pilots would refuse to fly with her.[3] Ulane filed a discrimination charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission which resulted in the civil case, Ulane v. Eastern Airlines. In her case against Eastern Airlines, Ulane reported coping with gender dysphoria from the age of 5 or 6.[2] Although she won the case against Eastern,[4] it was overturned on appeal the in U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.[5][6][7] Ulane died in the crash of a chartered DC-3 she was piloting on a training flight, approximately five miles southwest of DeKalb, Illinois on May 22, 1989. Two others also died in the crash.[8][9] References1. ^{{cite news|last1=Shipp|first1=E.R.|title=Federal judge orders Eastern Airlines to rehire transsexual pilot|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/12/29/us/judge-tells-eastern-airlines-to-rehire-transsexual-pilot.html|accessdate=16 June 2016|work=New York Times|date=December 28, 1983}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|title=Karen Fraces Ulane v. Eastern Airlines, Inc., Frank Borman, Thomas R. Buttion, David P. Millett, and Robert Shipner, 1981-1986: Transcript of Proceedings|url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/12008910|website=National Archives Catalog|accessdate=16 June 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Karen Fraces Ulane v. Eastern Airlines, Inc., Frank Borman, Thomas R. Buttion, David P. Millett, and Robert Shipner, 1981-1986: Exhibit, Termination Letter #1|url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/12008912|website=National Archives Catalog|accessdate=16 June 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Ulane v. Eastern Airlines, Inc., 581 F. Supp. 821 (N.D. Ill. 1984)|url=http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/581/821/1596321/|website=Justia Law|accessdate=16 June 2016}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Pilot loses sex change case appeal|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1985-04-16/news/8501220309_1_eastern-airlines-appeals-army-pilot|accessdate=16 June 2016|work=Chicago Tribune|date=April 16, 1985}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Karen Frances Ulane v. Eastern Airlines, Inc., Frank Borman, Thomas R. Buttion, David P. Millett, and Robert Shipner, 1981-1986|url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/7788662|website=National Archives Catalog|accessdate=16 June 2016}} 7. ^{{cite news|title=Karen Ulane, 48, Pilot; Who Had Sex Change|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/24/obituaries/karen-ulane-48-pilot-who-had-sex-change.html|accessdate=16 June 2016|work=The New York Times|date=May 24, 1989}} 8. ^{{citation |title=Karen Ulane, 48, Pilot; Who Had Sex Change |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE2DD123FF937A15756C0A96F948260 |author=Associated Press |periodical=The New York Times |date=May 24, 1989 |accessdate=2008-02-28 }} 9. ^{{cite news|last1=Sjostrom|first1=Joseph|title=Pilot error cited in 1989 crash|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-08-24/news/9103030162_1_training-flight-pilot-stall|accessdate=16 June 2016|work=Chicago Tribune|date=August 24, 1991}} External links
9 : 1941 births|1989 deaths|Transgender and transsexual women|LGBT people from the United States|Aviators from Illinois|Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents|Commercial aviators|Female commercial aviators|LGBT people from Illinois |
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