| 词条 | Kartan industry |
| 释义 |
Kartan industry is the archaeological production, probably more than 10,000 years ago, of a large quantity of exceptionally large stone tools that were found on Ramindjeri Karta also known since 1802 as Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Archaeology of KartaAn island mysteryKartan culture archaeology presents a puzzle, according to historian Rebe Taylor, who quotes the archaeologist Ronald Lampert: "The problem had all the characteristics of a classic mystery story: a large offshore island without people [today], separated .. nearly 10,000 years ago, yet with abundant evidence of human population."[1] Indeed, Lampert called his book The great Kartan mystery.[2] Heavy stone toolsJames Kohen, in his book Aboriginal Environmental Impacts,[3] describes the Aboriginal stone tool assemblage of Karta as "heavy core tools and pebble choppers".[4] Such Kartan tools are also, writes Kohen, found on the South Australian coast, the Flinders Ranges, and at Lime Springs in New South Wales.[4] According to Kohen, "the Kartan industry consists almost exclusively of large core tools, unifacially flaked pebble tools and hammerstones".[4] The tools are very heavy, averaging around 900 grams, "perhaps ten times the average of any other assemblage".[5] Some of the Kartan tools are "horsehoof" cores, defined by Josephine Flood as having a "flat base, an overhanging, step-flaked edge, and a high, domed shape like a horse's hoof"; their function is unexplained, and while they might have been used as choppers, they could simply be waste cores from the production of flake tools.[6] Over 120 Kartan sites have been found, yielding thousands of pebble choppers and hundreds of hammerstones.[5] Most of the Kartan tools from Kangaroo island itself are composed of Quartzite brought into the sites from as far as 35 kilometres away.[5] Use of large game animalsFew Kartan flakes have been found, but Kohen reports one find by Draper on Kangaroo Island, in a site dated to 7000 years ago, "a chopper which may well have been used to butcher sea lions";[4] sea lion bones were found with the pebble tool.[7] However, Kohen cautions, the possible link between Kartan industry and "butchering of large game" does not prove that large animals "were actively hunted".[8] Likely ageJosephine Flood, writing in her Archaeology of the Dreamtime, suggests that "the Kartan choppers are the earliest tools in Australia", most likely more than 16000 years old.[9] References1. ^Taylor, page 9 2. ^Lampert, 1981 3. ^Kohen 1995 4. ^1 2 3 Kohen, page 44 5. ^1 2 Kohen, page 69 6. ^Kohen, page 72 7. ^Mulvaney and Kamminga, page 230 8. ^Kohen, page 45 9. ^Flood, page 120 Bibliography
External links
2 : Kangaroo Island|Archaeological sites in South Australia |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。