词条 | Katsuogi |
释义 |
OriginThe original purpose of the katsuogi is uncertain. A theory is that the wooden logs were initially used to weigh down the thatch roofing seen in early Japanese structures.[2] As construction techniques improved, the need for weights disappeared, and the logs remained only for ornamental value. Their existence during the Jōmon period (250–538) is in any case well documented by numerous artifacts.[3] Like the chigi, the katsuogi was initially reserved only for the powerful nobility. It was first described in the Kojiki, a 7th-century Japanese text, where it seemed to be something accessible only to the emperor. In the excerpt, Emperor Yūryaku (418–479) sees an official's house laden with katsuogi on the roof. Angered by this, he pronounces the official a knave and a scoundrel for building a house in imitation of the imperial palace.[4] Later in history, emperors granted families such as the Nakatomi clan and the Mononobe clan permission to use katsuogi on their houses. As these clans were fervent supporters and administrators of Shinto, the katsuogi would eventually come to decorate Shinto shrines.[5] By the 6th century, katsuogi were beginning to be used on the homes of powerful families, along with chigi. After the Meiji restoration (1868) their use in new shrines was limited to the honden.[6] DesignThe katsuogi is usually a short, rounded log. Most are round, although square or diamond shapes have occasionally been used. Some are carved with tapered ends. More ornate katsuogi will be covered in gold or bronze, and decorated with the clan symbol or motif. The number of katsuogi used on any given roof varies, but in general there is always at least one on each end. Earlier buildings tend to employ more katsuogi. Katsuogi are always used in buildings constructed in the shinmei-zukuri, kasuga-zukuri, sumiyoshi-zukuri, and taisha-zukuri styles. They are almost always paired with the chigi. See also
Notes1. ^Fletcher (1996), page 724 2. ^Lucas (2002), page 5 3. ^{{cite book|last=Watanabe|first=Yasutada|title=Shinto art: Ise and Izumo shrines|year=1974|publisher=Weatherhill/Heibonsha|page=123|location=New York, Tokyo}} 4. ^Chamberlain (2005), Vol. 3, Section 152 5. ^"katsuogi 堅魚木." JAANUS. Retrieved on May 05, 2009. 6. ^{{cite book|last=Bocking|first=Brian|title=A Popular Dictionary of Shinto|year=1997|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-7007-1051-5}} References{{refbegin}}
4 : Japanese architectural features|Architecture of Japan|Classical Japan|Roofs |
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