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词条 Khachapuri
释义

  1. Types

  2. Outside Georgia

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Infobox prepared food
| name = Khachapuri
| image = File:Adjaruli Khachapuri, Restaurant Aragvi.jpg
| image_size = 260px
| caption = Adjarian khachapuri
| alternate_name =
| country = Georgia
| region = Caucasus
| creator =
| course = appetizer/street food
| type = Pie
| served = hot
| main_ingredient = Cheese, eggs, bread
| variations = open, closed
| calories =
| other =
}}Khachapuri, also spelled as Hachapuri ({{lang-ka|ხაჭაპური}} {{IPA-ka|xɑtʃʼɑpʼuri||Khachapuri.ogg}} from {{lang-ka|ხაჭო}} {{IPA-ka|xach'o}} "curds" + {{lang-ka|პური}} {{IPA-ka|p'uri}} "bread") is a traditional Georgian dish of cheese-filled bread. The bread is leavened and allowed to rise and is shaped in various ways, usually with cheese in the middle and a crust which is ripped off and used to dip in the cheese. The filling contains cheese (fresh or aged, most commonly sulguni), eggs and other ingredients.[1]

It is more popular among women and older people.[2] As a Georgian staple food, the price of making khachapuri is used as a measure of inflation in different Georgian cities by the Khachapuri index, developed by the International School of Economics at Tbilisi State University.[3][4]

It is Georgia's national dish that is inscribed on the list of the Intangible cultural heritage of Georgia.[5]

Types

There are several distinctive types of khachapuri in Georgian food from different regions of Georgia:

  • Imeretian (Imeruli) khachapuri, which is circular and probably the most common type[6].
  • Adjarian (Acharuli/Adjaruli) khachapuri, in which the dough is formed into an open boat shape and the hot pie is topped with a raw egg and a pat of butter before serving.
  • Mingrelian (Megruli) khachapuri, similar to Imeritian but with more cheese added on top.
  • Achma, from Abkhazia, which has multiple layers and looks more like a sauceless lasagna.
  • Gurian (Guruli) khachapuri has boiled eggs inside the dough and looks like a calzone. Arguably, it is not a type of khachapuri. Gurians make them for Christmas and call them simply 'Christmas pie'. In the rest of Georgia, it is called 'Gurian pie'.
  • Ossetian (Osuri) khachapuri, which has potato, as well as cheese in its filling. It is commonly called Khabizgini.
  • Svanuri Lemzira
  • Rachuli khachapuri
  • Penovani khachapuri is made with puff pastry dough, resulting in a flaky variety of the pie.

Outside Georgia

Khachapuri is popular in the post-Soviet states, including Russia.[7][8] It was reported that 175,000 khachapuris were consumed during the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.[9] Khachapuri is a popular street food in Armenia, where it is widely served at restaurants and school cafeterias.[10] It has become increasingly popular as a brunch food in Israel.[11]

See also

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
  • Arizona cheese crisp
  • Banitsa
  • Burek
  • Cantiq
  • Grilled cheese
  • Karelian pasty
  • Lafa
  • Naan
  • Pastrmajlija
  • Piadina
  • Vatrushka
  • Puri
  • {{portal-inline|Food}}
{{div col end}}

References

1. ^{{cite book|last=Goldstein|first=Darra|title=The Georgian feast: the vibrant culture and savory food of the Republic of Georgia|publisher=University of California Press|location=1999|pages=136–139|isbn=0-520-21929-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3PM_FnWgPBAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
2. ^{{cite news|last1=Kakabadze|first1=David|title=Georgians Still Prefer Khachapuri To Pizza|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/Georgians_Still_Prefer_Khachapuri_To_Pizza__/1366699.html|agency=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=5 January 2009|quote=At the same time, 97 percent of khachapuri lovers are older than 40, while 28 percent of young people prefer pizza. Pizza appears to be more popular among women than among men.}}
3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.investor.ge/issues/2010_2/02.htm |title=Tracking monetary policy one big mac - and one khachapuri - at a time |last=Svensson |first=Therese |date=April–May 2010 |work=Investor.ge |publisher=American Chamber of Commerce |accessdate=29 April 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007010149/http://www.investor.ge/issues/2010_2/02.htm |archivedate= 7 October 2011 |df= }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iset-pi.ge/index.php?article_id=715 |title=Khachapuri Index Project|publisher=International School of Economics at Tbilisi State University|accessdate=29 April 2010}}
5. ^Jones, A. Khachapuri Granted Cultural Heritage Status Georgia Today, 2019
6. ^https://georgiaabout.com/2012/07/27/about-food-imeruli-imeretian-khachapuri/
7. ^{{cite news|last=Mosolova|first=Tanya|title=WHAT IS IT? : Georgian Cheese Pies Come in Many Varieties|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/sitemap/free/1998/4/article/what-is-it--georgian-cheese-pies-come-in-many-varieties/292282.html|work=The Moscow Times|date=15 April 1998|quote=One of the indispensable dishes of a celebratory meal in Georgia, khachapuri, has become very popular in Russia as well.}}
8. ^{{cite web|last1=Bryant|first1=Jordan|title=Хачапури: The Big Cheese!|url=http://www.sras.org/khachapuri|website=sras.org|publisher=School of Russian and Asian Studies|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118203551/http://www.sras.org/khachapuri|archivedate=18 November 2014|location=Woodside, CA|date=2 March 2013}}
9. ^{{cite news|script-title=ru:В Сочи гости Олимпиады съели 175 тысяч хачапури и 34 тонны шашлыка|url=http://www.kuban.aif.ru/society/1112160|work=Argumenty i Fakty|date=24 February 2014|language=ru}}
10. ^{{cite news|last=Grigoryan|first=Hasmik|script-title=hy:Ի՞նչ է մատուցվում այսօր դպրոցների բուֆետներում|url=http://www.azatutyun.mobi/a/24352461.html|agency=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Armenian Service|date=7 August 2011|language=hy|quote=....վաճառվում են հիմնականում բուլկեղեն, խաչապուրի, կարկանդակ, հոթ դոգ ու նույնիսկ մաստակ ու չիպսեր:}}
11. ^{{cite news|last1=Norris|first1=Anna|title=10 mouthwatering dishes of Israel you should really try|url=http://www.fromthegrapevine.com/food/10-israeli-dishes-try|date=3 July 2014|publisher=From The Grapevine}}

External links

{{Wiktionary}}
  • Recipe at RecipeSource
  • [https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/4666-khachapuri-georgian-cheese-bread Recipe at New York Times]
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20171120-georgias-addictive-cousin-to-pizza|title=Georgia’s addictive cousin to pizza?|date=21 November 2017|work=bbc.com|publisher=BBC|accessdate=23 November 2017}}
{{Georgia topics}}{{Cheese dishes}}{{Flatbreads}}{{Street food}}

8 : Cheese dishes|Cuisine of Georgia (country)|Flatbread dishes|Georgian products with protected designation of origin|National dishes|Savoury pies|Street food|Culinary dishes
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