| 词条 | Khasra |
| 释义 |
Not to be confused with the Hindustani word for measles A khasra girdawari (Hindustani: ख़सरा or خسره گرداوری) is a legal Revenue Department document used in India and Pakistan that specifies land and crop details.[1] It is often used in conjunction with a shajra (or shajra kishtwar), which is a reference map of the village that administers the land described by the khasra girdawari.[1][2] Khasras traditionally detail "all the fields and their areas, measurement, who owns and what cultivators he employs, what crops, what sort of soil, what trees are on the land."[1]. In Indian Land record system, "Khatauni" is an account book, "Khasra girdawari" is a survey book and "Sajra" is the village map. At village level, patwari is appointed to update and maintain these land records. HistorySystematic khasra documentation in the Indian subcontinent has existed for several centuries, far predating the British colonial period. Medieval khasra documents are a useful source for historians in reconstructing the economic history in specific areas of India and Pakistan.[3] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{Citation | title=The Land Systems of British India: Being a Manual of the Land-tenures and of the Systems of Land-revenue Administration Prevalent in the Several Provinces | author=Baden Henry Baden-Powell | publisher=Clarendon Press, 1892 | isbn= | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6vVKAAAAYAAJ | quote=...The shajra or village map ... The khasra girdawari, or index register to the map. It is a list showing, by numbers, all the fields and their areas, measurement, who owns and what cultivators he employs, what crops, what sort of soil, what trees are on the land ... From this khasra girdawari a 'khatauni', or abstract of fields held by each person, is made out ...}} {{india-law-stub}}2. ^{{Citation | title=The Central Administration of the East India Company 1773-1834 | author=Bankey Bihari Misra | publisher=Manchester University Press, 1959 | isbn= | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FqHnAAAAIAAJ | quote=... The preparation of a detailed field map called Shajra in which the fields were numbered. The patwari was then to register all the field numbers in a corresponding field book called khasra girdawari which also contained the name of the proprietor ...}} 3. ^{{Citation | title=The agrarian system of eastern Rajasthan, c. 1650-c. 1750 | author=Satya Prakash Gupta, Centre of Advanced Study in History, Aligarh Muslim University | publisher=Manohar, 1986 | isbn=978-81-85054-11-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S3ssAAAAMAAJ | quote=... These village papers were usually maintained and duly signed in the local language by the patel and patwari, the headman and the accountant respectively. The khasra papers are of different kinds ...}} 4 : Law in India|Pakistani law|Land law|Land management in India |
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