| 词条 | Kikuyu language | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=Kikuyu |nativename=Gĩkũyũ |pronunciation={{IPA-ki|ɣēkōjó|}} |states= Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda |region=Central Province |ethnicity=Agĩkũyũ |speakers={{sigfig|6.623|2}} million |date=2009 census |ref=e18 |familycolor=Niger-Congo |fam2=Atlantic–Congo |fam3=Benue–Congo |fam4=Southern Bantoid |fam5=Bantu |fam6=Northeast Bantu |fam7=Kikuyu–Kamba |fam8=South |fam9=Kikuyu–Embu |iso1=ki |iso2=kik |iso3=kik |guthrie=E.51 |notice=IPA |glotto=kiku1240 |glottorefname=Kikuyu }}{{Infobox Bantu name|Mũgĩkũyũ/Mũndũ |Agĩkũyũ|Gĩgĩkũyũ|Ũgĩkũyũ}} Kikuyu or Gikuyu ({{lang-ki|Gĩkũyũ}} {{IPA-ki|ɣēkōjó|}}) is a language of the Bantu family spoken primarily by the Kikuyu people (Agĩkũyũ) of Kenya. Numbering about 7 million (22% of Kenya's population),[1] they are the largest ethnic group in Kenya.[2] Kikuyu is spoken in the area between Nyeri and Nairobi. Kikuyu is one of the five languages of the Thagichu subgroup of the Bantu languages, which stretches from Kenya to Tanzania. The Kikuyu people usually identify their lands by the surrounding mountain ranges in Central Kenya which they call Kĩrĩnyaga. DialectsKikuyu has four main mutually intelligible dialects. The Central Province districts are divided along the traditional boundaries of these dialects, which are Kîrînyaga, Mûrang'a, Nyeri and Kiambu. The Kikuyu from Kîrînyaga are composed of two main sub-dialects – the Ndia and Gichugu who speak the dialects Kĩndia and Gĩgĩcũgũ. The Gicugus and the Ndias do not have the "ch" or "sh" sound, and will use the "s" sound instead, hence the pronunciation of "Gĩcũgũ" as opposed to "Gĩchũgũ". To hear Ndia being spoken, one needs to be in Kerugoya, the largest town in Kîrînyaga. Other home towns for the Ndia, where purer forms of the dialect are spoken, are located in the tea-growing areas of Kagumo, and the cool Kangaita hills. Lower down the slopes is Kutus, which is a bustling dusty town with so many influences from the other dialects that it is difficult to distinguish between them.The dialect is also prevalent in the rice growing area of Mwea . The unmistakable sing-song Gichugu dialect (which sounds like Meru or Embu, a sister language to Kikuyu) can be heard in the coffee-growing areas of Kianyaga, Gĩthũre, Kathũngũri, Marigiti. The Gichugu switch easily to other Kikuyu dialects in conversation with the rest of the Kikuyu. PhonologySymbols shown in parentheses are those used in the orthography. Vowels
Consonants
The prenasalized consonants are often pronounced without prenasalization, and thus {{IPA|/ᵐb ⁿd ᶮdʒ ᵑɡ/}} are often realized as {{IPA|[b d dʒ ɡ]}}. TonesKikuyu has two level tones (high and low), a low-high rising tone, and downstep.[3] GrammarThe canonical word order of Gĩkũyũ is SVO (subject–verb–object). It uses prepositions rather than postpostions, and adjectives follow nouns.[4] AlphabetKikuyu is written in a Latin alphabet. It does not use the letters f l p q s v x z, and adds the letters ĩ and ũ. The Kikuyu alphabet is: a b c d e g h i ĩ j k m n o r t u ũ w y[5] Some sounds are represented by digraphs such as ng for the velar nasal {{IPA|/ŋ/}}. Sample phrases
LiteratureThere is a notable literature written in the Kikuyu language. For instance, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o's Mũrogi wa Kagogo (Wizard of the Crow) is the longest known book written in Kikuyu. Other authors writing in Kikuyu are Gatua wa Mbũgwa and Waithĩra wa Mbuthia. Mbuthia has published various works in different genres—essays, poetry, children stories and translations—in Kikuyu. The late Wahome Mutahi also sometimes wrote in Kikuyu. In popular cultureIn the 1983 movie Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi, the character Nien Nunb speaks in the Kikuyu language.[6] References1. ^[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ke.html#People CIA Factbook], retrieved on 16 October 2007. 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/kethnic.htm|title=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|website=www.africa.upenn.edu|access-date=2016-05-08}} 3. ^Kevin C. Ford, 1975. "The tones of nouns in Kikuyu," Studies in African Linguistics 6, 49–64; G.N. Clements & Kevin C. Ford, 1979, "Kikuyu Tone Shift and its Synchronic Consequences", Linguistic Inquiry 10.2, 179–210. 4. ^Wals.info 5. ^ 6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/1983/0728/072823.html|title=In Kenya, audiences roar at language in 'Jedi' film|last=Feldmann|first=Compiled From Wire Service Dispatches With Analysis From Monitor Correspondents Around The World,Edited By Linda|date=1983-07-28|work=Christian Science Monitor|access-date=2017-06-24|issn=0882-7729}} Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links{{InterWiki|code=ki}}{{refbegin}}
4 : Kikuyu|Northeast Bantu languages|Subject–verb–object languages|Languages of Kenya |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。