| 词条 | King County, Washington | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| county = King County | state = Washington | logo = Logo of King County, Washington.svg | flag = Flag of King County, Washington.svg | founded year = 1852 | founded date = December 22 | seat wl = Seattle | largest city wl = Seattle | area_total_sq_mi = 2307 | area_land_sq_mi = 2116 | area_water_sq_mi = 191 | area percentage = 8.3% | census estimate yr = 2017 | pop = 2,188,649 | density_sq_mi = 1034 | time zone = Pacific | named for = William Rufus King (1852–2005) Martin Luther King, Jr. (2005–present) | web = http://www.kingcounty.gov/ | ex image = Seattle - City Hall Park & King County Courthouse 01.jpg | ex image cap = King County Courthouse | district = 1st | district2 = 7th | district3 = 8th | district4 = 9th }} King County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. The population was 2,188,649 in the 2017 census estimate. King is the most populous county in Washington, and the 13th-most populous in the United States. The county seat is Seattle,[1] which is the state's largest city. King County is one of three Washington counties that are included in the Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue metropolitan statistical area. (The others are Snohomish County to the north, and Pierce County to the south.) About two-thirds of King County's population lives in Seattle's suburbs. HistoryThe county was formed out of territory within Thurston County on December 22, 1852, by the Oregon Territory legislature, and was named after Alabama resident William R. King, who had just been elected Vice President of the United States under President Franklin Pierce. Seattle was made the county seat on January 11, 1853.[2][3] The area became part of the Washington Territory when it was created later that year. King County originally extended to the Olympic Peninsula. According to historian Bill Speidel, when peninsular prohibitionists threatened to shut down Seattle’s saloons, Doc Maynard engineered a peninsular independence movement; King County lost what is now Kitsap County, but preserved its entertainment industry.[4] NameOn February 24, 1986, a motion to change the namesake to Martin Luther King Jr.[5] was passed by the King County Council five votes to four.[6][7] The motion stated, among other reasons for the change, that "William Rufus DeVane King was a slaveowner and a ‘gentle slave monger’ according to John Quincy Adams."[8] Because only the state can charter counties, the change was not made official until April 19, 2005, when Governor Christine Gregoire signed into law Senate Bill 5332, which provided that "King county is renamed in honor of the Reverend Doctor Martin Luther King, Jr.," effective July 24, 2005.[9][10][11] The County Council voted on February 27, 2006 to adopt the proposal sponsored by Councilmember Larry Gossett to change the county's logo from an imperial crown to an image of Martin Luther King.[12] On March 12, 2007, the new logo was unveiled.[13] The new logo design was developed by the Gable Design Group and the specific image was selected by a committee consisting of King County Executive Ron Sims, Council Chair Larry Gossett, Prosecutor Norm Maleng, Sheriff Sue Rahr, District Court Judge Corrina Harn, and Superior Court Judge Michael Trickey.[14] Martin Luther King Jr. visited King County for two days in November 1961.[15] GeographyAccording to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of {{convert|2307|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|2116|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|191|sqmi}} (8.3%) is water.[16] King County has nearly twice the land area of the state of Rhode Island. The highest point in the county is Mount Daniel at {{convert|7959|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}} above sea level. King County borders Snohomish County to the north, Kitsap County to the west, Kittitas County to the east, and Pierce County to the south. It also shares a small border with Chelan County to the northeast. King County includes Vashon Island and Maury Island in Puget Sound. Geographic featuresTerrain{{div col}}
Water{{div col}}
Major highways{{div col}}
Adjacent counties
National protected areas
Demographics{{US Census population|1860= 302 |1870= 2120 |1880= 6910 |1890= 63989 |1900= 110053 |1910= 284638 |1920= 389273 |1930= 463517 |1940= 504980 |1950= 732992 |1960= 935014 |1970= 1156633 |1980= 1269749 |1990= 1507319 |2000= 1737034 |2010= 1931249 |estyear=2017 |estimate=2188649 |estref=[17] |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[18] 1790–1960[19] 1900–1990[20] 1990–2000[21] 2010–2016 }} The center of population of the state of Washington in 2010 was located in eastern King County ({{coord |47.330750 |-121.619994 |display=inline |name=Washington center of population, 2010 |scale:2500000_region:US-WA}}).[22] King County's own center of population was located on Mercer Island ({{coord |47.548320 |-122.229983 |display=inline |name=King County center of population, 2010 |scale:500000_region:US-WA}}).[23] 2010 censusAs of the 2010 United States Census, there were 1,931,249 people, 789,232 households, and 461,510 families residing in the county.[24] The population density was {{convert|912.9|PD/sqmi}}. There were 851,261 housing units at an average density of {{convert|402.4|/sqmi}}.[25] The racial makeup of the county was 68.7% White (64.8% Non-Hispanic White), 6.2% African American, 14.6% Asian, 0.8% Pacific Islander, 0.8% Native American, 3.9% from other races, and 5.0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 8.9% of the population.[24] In terms of ancestry, 17.1% were German, 11.6% were English, 11.1% were Irish, 5.5% were Norwegian, and 2.9% were American.[26] Of the 789,232 households, 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.3% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 41.5% were non-families, and 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.05. The median age was 37.1 years.[24] The median income for a household in the county was $68,065 and the median income for a family was $87,010. Males had a median income of $62,373 versus $45,761 for females. The per capita income for the county was $38,211. About 6.4% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.[27] GovernmentThe King County Executive (currently Dow Constantine) heads the county's executive branch. The King County Prosecuting Attorney (currently Dan Satterberg), Elections Director (currently Julie Wise), Sheriff (currently Mitzi Johanknecht), and the King County Assessor (currently John Wilson) are also elected executive positions. Judicial power is vested in the King County Superior Court and the King County District Court. Seattle houses the King County Courthouse. King County is represented in the United States Congress through a near-entirety of the population in the 7th and 9th Congressional Districts, a majority of the population in the 8th Congressional District and a plurality of the population in the 1st Congressional District. In the state legislature, King contains the entirety of the 5th, 11th, 33rd, 34th, 36th, 37th, 41st, 43rd, 45th, 46th, 47th, and 48th legislative districts as well as the near-entirety of the 30th legislative district, about one-half of the 32nd legislative district, about one-third of the 1st and 31st legislative district, and a mere 627 people in the 39th legislative district.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} The people of King County voted on September 5, 1911 to create a Port District. King County's Port of Seattle was established as the first Port District in Washington State. The Port of Seattle is King County's only Port District. It is governed by five Port Commissioners, who are elected countywide and serve four-year terms. The Port of Seattle owns and operates many properties on behalf of King County's citizens, including Sea-Tac International Airport; many seaport facilities around Elliott Bay, including its original property, publicly owned Fishermen's Terminal, home to the North Pacific fishing fleet and the largest homeport for fishermen in the U.S. West Coast;{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} four container ship terminals; two cruise ship terminals; the largest grain export terminal in the U.S. Pacific Northwest; three public marinas; 22 public parks; and nearly 5,000 acres of industrial lands in the Ballard-Interbay and Lower Duwamish industrial centers. Council members{{Main|King County Council}}{{Col-begin}}{{Col-3}}
Politics{{more citations needed|section|date=November 2016}}King County and Seattle are strongly associated with liberal politics; the area is a bastion for the Democratic Party. No Republican presidential candidate has garnered the majority of the county's votes since Ronald Reagan's landslide reelection victory in 1984. In the 2008 election, Barack Obama defeated John McCain in the county by 42 percentage points, a larger margin than any previous election. Slightly more than 29% of Washington state's population reside in King County, making it a significant factor for the Democrats in a few recent close statewide elections. In 2000, it was King County that pushed Maria Cantwell's total over that of incumbent Republican Slade Gorton, winning her a seat in the United States Senate. In 2004, King County gave a lead to Democrat Christine Gregoire in the second recount in the state's gubernatorial election, pushing her ahead of Republican Dino Rossi, who led by 261 votes after the initial count.[28] Rossi resided in the county at the time of the election, in Sammamish. The suburbs east and south of Seattle have historically tended to be moderate. In the 2005 County Executive race, Republican David Irons beat Democrat Ron Sims outside of Seattle (which voted 74% for Sims), but in 2004, John Kerry received landslide victories in much of the Bellevue and Redmond areas. Generally the suburbs are becoming more liberal on the state and county levels. In 2004, voters passed a referendum reducing the size of the County Council from 13 members to 9. This resulted in all council seats ending up on the 2005 ballot. Some residents of eastern King County have long desired to secede and form their own county. This movement was most vocal in the mid-1990s (see Cedar County, Washington).[29][30] It has recently been revived as Cascade County.[31] According to a map published by the Seattle Times,[32] four different geographic borders are being considered. Additional plans (see Skykomish County, Washington) also exist or have existed. {{Hidden begin|titlestyle = background:#ccccff; |title = Presidential elections results }}
EducationK–12 schools{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
Public librariesMost of King County is served by the King County Library System. The Seattle Public Library serves the City of Seattle. Communities{{see also|Category:Cities in King County, Washington}}Cities{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
Towns
Census-designated places{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
Other unincorporated communities{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
Former cities and towns
Ghost towns{{div col}}
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.courts.wa.gov/court_dir/?fa=court_dir.countycityref |accessdate=2017-05-07 |title=Court Directory: County-City Reference List |publisher=Washington Courts}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5380|title=Milestones for Washington State History — Part 2: 1851 to 1900|date=2003-03-06|publisher=HistoryLink.org}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metrokc.gov/kc150/historical%20overview.pdf|title=History of King County Government 1853–2002|last=Reinartz|first=Kay|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071201170824/http://www.metrokc.gov/kc150/historical%20overview.pdf|archivedate=2007-12-01|accessdate=2007-12-29}} 4. ^Bill Speidel, Doc Maynard, The Man Who Invented Seattle (Seattle: Nettle Creek Publishing Co., 1978) ({{ISBN|0-914890-02-6}}). 5. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hw4VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2AIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5259,1151250&dq=king-county+william+martin+luther&hl=en|work=Toledo Blade |publisher= Google News Archive Search|title =County's Name Is Same, But Meaning Is All New|agency = Associated Press|date = 25 February 1986}} 6. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NccSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=uPkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5942,1844333&dq=king-county+william+martin+luther&hl=en|work=Spokane Chronicle |publisher= Google News Archive Search|title =What's in a Name? King County renamed for civil rights leader| agency = Associated Press|date = 25 February 1986}} 7. ^{{cite web | last = Sims | first = Ron | title = Motion redesignating King County's name | url = http://www.metrokc.gov/exec/mlk/motion.htm | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090514012020/http://www.metrokc.gov/exec/mlk/motion.htm | archivedate = 2009-05-14 | accessdate = 2009-09-24}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=678|title=King County Council names county after Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on February 24, 1986. - HistoryLink.org|website=www.historylink.org}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonvotes.org/2005-SB-5332|title=2005 Senate Bill 5332: Honoring the Reverend Doctor Martin Luther King, Jr|last=|first=|date=|website=WashingtonVotes.org|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-09-25}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://apps2.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5332&Year=2005&BillNumber=5332&Year=2005|title=Bill Information, SB 5332 - 2005-06 - Honoring the Reverend Doctor Martin Luther King, Jr.|last=|first=|date=|website=Washington State Legislature|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-09-25}} 11. ^ENGROSSED SENATE BILL 5332, 59th Legislature of the State of Washington, 2005 Regular Session. 12. ^{{Cite news|last=Ervin |first=Keith |title=County logo to get makeover, show MLK |newspaper=The Seattle Times |date=February 28, 2006 |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2002833481_mlk28m.html |postscript= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060314015601/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2002833481_mlk28m.html |archivedate=March 14, 2006 |df= }} 13. ^{{cite web | title=Executive praises County Council for approval of new logo|url=http://www.metrokc.gov/exec/news/2007/0312logo.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102125307/http://www.metrokc.gov/exec/news/2007/0312logo.aspx|archivedate=2007-11-02| date=2007-12-29}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kingcounty.gov/about/logo/background.aspx|title=Background about the logo- King County - King County|website=www.kingcounty.gov}} 15. ^{{cite web |title=Martin Luther King's Controversial Visit to Seattle: Rev. Samuel B. McKinney Tells the Story| date=2000-01-06|publisher=The Daily |url=http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/mlkvisit.htm}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_53.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 7, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|title=American FactFinder|accessdate=March 23, 2018}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 7, 2014}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|accessdate=January 7, 2014}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/wa190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 7, 2014}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 7, 2014}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/docs/cenpop2010/CenPop2010_Mean_ST.txt |title=Centers of Population by State: 2010 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=March 22, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103082820/http://www.census.gov/geo/reference/docs/cenpop2010/CenPop2010_Mean_ST.txt |archivedate=January 3, 2014 |df= }} 23. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/docs/cenpop2010/county/CenPop2010_Mean_CO53.txt |archive-url=https://archive.is/20140322194920/https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/docs/cenpop2010/county/CenPop2010_Mean_CO53.txt |dead-url=yes |archive-date=March 22, 2014 |title=Centers of Population by County: 2010 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=March 22, 2014 }} 24. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US53033 |title=DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data |accessdate=2016-03-06 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}} 25. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY07/0500000US53033 |accessdate=2016-03-06 |title=Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – County |publisher=United States Census Bureau}} 26. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US53033 |title=DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates |accessdate=2016-03-06 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}} 27. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0500000US53033 |title=DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates |accessdate=2016-03-06 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}} 28. ^{{cite news |date=November 18, 2004 |title=It's Rossi by 261; recount is next |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2002094147_gov18m.html |work=The Seattle Times |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323034101/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2002094147_gov18m.html |archivedate=March 23, 2006 |df= }} 29. ^{{cite news |last=Radford |first=Dean |date=January 26, 2005 |title=Proposal would ease creation of new county |url=http://www.kingcountyjournal.com/sited/story/html/184222 |dead-url=yes |work=King County Journal |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404235802/http://www.kingcountyjournal.com/sited/story/html/184222 |archive-date=April 4, 2005 |access-date= }} 30. ^{{cite news |last=Radford |first=Dean |date=February 6, 2005 |title=Calls for new county intensify – Rural rage revives drive to escape Seattle influence |url=http://www.kingcountyjournal.com/sited/story/html/185180 |dead-url=yes |work=King County Journal |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051118213918/http://www.kingcountyjournal.com/sited/story/html/185180 |archive-date=November 18, 2005 |access-date= }} 31. ^Cascadecounty.org {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204134806/http://cascadecounty.org/ |date=2012-02-04 }} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/ABPub/2005/03/24/2002218970.gif|title=Cascade County (GIF)|publisher=}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|first=David|last=Leip|website=uselectionatlas.org}} External links{{wikivoyage|King County}}
|Centre = King County, Washington |North = Snohomish County |Northeast = Chelan County |East = |Southeast = Kittitas County |South = Pierce County |Southwest = |West = Kitsap County |Northwest = }}{{King County, Washington}}{{Washington}}{{Seattle Metro}}{{Coord|47.47|-121.84|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-WA_source:UScensus1990}}{{Authority control}} 5 : King County, Washington|1852 establishments in Oregon Territory|Populated places established in 1852|Seattle metropolitan area|Western Washington |
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