| 词条 | King David Hotel | ||
| 释义 |
| name = King David Hotel מלון המלך דוד | image =King David Hotel (back).jpg | image_size =250px | caption =King David Hotel | location =Jerusalem | coordinates = {{coord|31|46|28|N|35|13|21|E|display=inline,title}} | map_type = Jerusalem | map_caption= | opening_date =1931 | closing_date = | developer =Frank Goldsmith | architect = | operator =Dan Hotels | owner =Dan Hotels | number_of_restaurants =4 | number_of_rooms =237 | number_of_suites = | floor_area = | floor_count = | parking = | website =King David Jerusalem Hotel | footnotes = }} The King David Hotel ({{lang-he|מלון המלך דוד}} {{transl|he|Malon ha-Melekh David}}, {{lang-ar|فندق الملك داود}}) is a 5-star hotel in Jerusalem and a member of The Leading Hotels of the World. Opened in 1931, the hotel was built with locally quarried pink limestone and was founded by Ezra Mosseri, a wealthy Egyptian Jewish banker. It is located on King David Street in the centre of Jerusalem, overlooking the Old City and Mount Zion. The hotel, owned and operated by the Dan Hotels group, has traditionally been the chosen venue for hosting heads of state, dignitaries, and other personalities during their visits to Jerusalem. It is also famous for having been targeted by a terrorist bombing in 1946 undertaken by the Zionist paramilitary group Irgun, in which 91 people died. HistoryBritish Mandate of Palestine{{further|King David Hotel bombing}}In 1929, Palestine Hotels Ltd. purchased {{convert|4.5|acre|m2}} on Jerusalem's Julian’s Way, today King David Street. Half the construction costs were paid by Ezra Mosseri, an affluent Egyptian Jewish banker and director of the National Bank of Egypt, and another 46% by other wealthy Cairo Jews. The approximately 4% remaining was paid by the National Bank, which purchased 693 shares of the company between 1934 and 1943.[1] From its earliest days, the King David Hotel hosted royalty: the dowager empress of Persia, queen mother Nazli of Egypt, and King Abdullah I of Jordan stayed at the hotel, and three heads of state forced to flee their countries took up residence there: King Alfonso XIII of Spain, forced to abdicate in 1931, Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, driven out by the Italians in 1936, and King George II of Greece, who set up his government in exile at the hotel after the Nazi occupation of his country in 1942. During the British Mandate, the southern wing of the hotel was turned into a British administrative and military headquarters. On July 22, 1946, the southwestern corner of the hotel was bombed during an attack led by the Zionist paramilitary group Irgun. 91 people died and 45 people were injured. An earlier attempt by the Irgun to attack the hotel had been foiled when the Haganah learned of it, and warned the British authorities.[2] IsraelOn May 4, 1948, when the British flag was lowered as the British Mandate ended, the building became a Jewish stronghold. At the end of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the hotel found itself overlooking "no-man’s land" on the armistice line that divided Jerusalem into Israeli and Jordanian territory. The hotel was purchased by the Dan Hotels chain in 1958. Multiple scenes in the 1960 film Exodus were shot at the hotel, both outside and inside, in the main lobby and on the terrace. When East Jerusalem was annexed by Israel following the 1967 Six-Day War, the hotel was expanded, with two additional floors. King David accommodated many foreign heads of state and diplomats visiting Israel. Among the hotel's more famous guests were King George V; Jordan’s King Hussein; U.S. Presidents Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump; British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, and Tony Blair; Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi; Charles, Prince of Wales; Elizabeth Taylor; Richard Dreyfus; Richard Gere; Madonna; Dr Henry Kissinger[3] and Hillary Clinton.[4] ArchitectureThe design for the hotel was commissioned from a Swiss architect, Emile Vogt, with the actual construction supervised by Jerusalem architect Benjamin Chaiken.[5] According to Hebrew University professor Ruth Kark, Vogt's approach was typical of European architects who, commissioned to design buildings in Jerusalem, incorporated "Eastern-style domes, arches, various kinds of different-colored stone, and interior decorations with religious symbols and inscriptions," in buildings whose strict symmetry marks them indelibly as European.[6] The public rooms were decorated by G. G. Hufschmid in motifs taken from Assyrian, Hittite, Phoenician and Muslim buildings in an effort to evoke a "Biblical" style.[7] Hufschmid, also Swiss, stated that his intention was "to evoke by reminiscence the ancient Semitic style and the ambiance of the glorious period of King David."[8] DiningThe hotel includes four dining options:
La Régence and King's Garden are run by executive chef David Biton.[13] References1. ^Egyptian bank sues Israel for dividends | Jerusalem Post{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 2. ^Thurston Clarke, By Blood and Fire: the attack on the King David Hotel, G. P. Puttnam's Sons, New York, 1981, {{ISBN|0-399-12605-8}}, {{ISBN|978-0-399-12605-5}} 3. ^{{cite book |last=Kissinger |first=Henry |date=1982 |title=Years of Upheaval |url= |location= |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |page= |isbn=978-0-316-28591-9 |author-link= }} 4. ^Hillary Rodham Clinton, Hard Choices (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014). p. 482. 5. ^Jerusalem and Its Environs: Quarters, Neighborhoods, Villages, 1800-1948, Ruth Kark, Michal Oren-Nordheim, Wayne State University Press, 2001, p. 184 6. ^Jerusalem and Its Environs: Quarters, Neighborhoods, Villages, 1800-1948, Ruth Kark, Michal Oren-Nordheim, Wayne State University Press, 2001, p. 183 7. ^David Kroyanker, Jerusalem Architecture, Vendome Press in association with the Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, 1994, p. 154 8. ^Building the Cold War: Hilton International hotels and modern architecture, Annabel Jane Wharton, University of Chicago Press, 2001, p. 129 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Culture/Dining-The-royal-treatment-at-La-Regence-446731|title=Dining: The royal treatment at La Regence|publisher=|accessdate=20 November 2018}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/MAGAZINE-this-is-the-best-chef-in-israel-right-now-according-to-gault-millau-1.6193817|title=The 20 Best Restaurants in Israel Right Now, According to Gault & Millau|first=Rotem|last=Maimon|date=20 June 2018|publisher=|accessdate=20 November 2018|via=Haaretz|newspaper=Haaretz}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/travel/MAGAZINE-the-10-best-kosher-restaurants-in-israel-1.5429069|title=The 10 Best Kosher Restaurants in Israel|first=Rotem|last=Maimon|date=8 September 2016|publisher=|accessdate=20 November 2018|via=Haaretz|newspaper=Haaretz}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3335930,00.html|title=A suite for King David|date=12 June 2006|publisher=|accessdate=20 November 2018}} 13. ^{{Cite web | url=https://fr.timesofisrael.com/les-saveurs-de-la-gastronomie-francaise-sinvitent-au-king-david-de-jerusalem/ | title=Les saveurs de la gastronomie française s'invitent au King David de Jérusalem| date=2017-02-08}} External links
3 : Hotels in Jerusalem|1931 establishments in Mandatory Palestine|Fine dining in Israel |
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