| 词条 | Kool FM |
| 释义 |
| name = Kool London | image = Koollondonsmall.png | area = London | slogan = Kool with the K | airdate = 28 November 1991 | frequency = 94.5 / 94.6 FM (as a Pirate) | format = Jungle, Drum and Bass, Old Skool | website = koollondon.com }}Kool London, also known as Kool FM, is a former London pirate radio station that now broadcasts as an internet radio station, playing Jungle, Drum and Bass, and Old Skool. Kool is generally regarded as being instrumental in the development of Jungle and Drum and Bass music, and is "the longest running jungle pirate station".[1] HistoryKool first broadcast on 28 November 1991 on the frequency of 94.5FM, from Hackney, East London.[1] Kool has stated that it was "the very first pirate station ever to play Hardcore Jungle".[2] Simon Reynolds called it "London's ruling pirate station" in an account of the beginnings of jungle music in the early to mid 1990s.[3] By late 1992, Kool started to promote its own events, leading to the founding of the Jungle Fever night in August 1993.[1][4] In July 1993, its then-neighbouring station also broadcasting from the Nightingale Estate,[5] Rush FM, was subject to a high profile raid by the authorities leading to media accusations of drug dealing at raves promoted by the two stations.[1][6] In April 1996, Kool was featured in a BBC First Sight documentary about pirate radio in London, in which its Kool Skool club night also appeared.[6] In the same year, it branched out by launching a sister station, Kool FM Midlands based in Birmingham, which continued until 2002.[7] In 2005, a Kool FM transmitter broadcasting from Tower Hamlets, was seized in an Ofcom operation against London pirate stations.[8] It made the news again two years later in 2007 when it was featured in a BBC London News report about pirate radio station interference to the emergency services and their use of the airwaves.[9] Internet RadioIn August 2010, Kool relaunched as Kool London and now operates as an internet radio station, providing a live audio stream on its website as well as archived shows.[10] LegacyKool DJs and MCs past and present reads like a "who's who" of jungle and drum and bass, including DJ Brockie, MC Det, DJ Ron, SL, MC Co-Gee, MC Five-O, MC Moose, MC Navigator, The Ragga Twins, Skibadee, Mampi Swift, Devious Dee, DJ Dextrous, Shabba D, Bryan Gee, Funky Flirt, Fearless, DJ Trace, Nicky Blackmarket, Stevie Hyper D, Billy Bunter, and Crissy Criss. In recent years, Kool has been involved in two live broadcasts in association with the artist Eddie Peake. The first in 2013 as part of his graduate final year project at the Royal Academy of Arts, and again in 2018 at the White Cube forming part of his Concrete Pitch show.[11] The station celebrated its 25th birthday on-air in November 2016. References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/4wba59/kool-fm-jungle-pirate-london-945|title=Jungle, Raves and Pirate Radio: The History and Future of Kool FM|author=Jamie Clifton|website=Vice|date=6 Aug 2015}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://koollondon.com/index.php/kool-profiles/history|title=Kool London History|website=koollondon.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-03-05}} 3. ^Simon Reynolds: Energy Flash. Picador 2008, {{ISBN|978-0-330-45420-9}}, p.245. 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2016/jul/22/return-jungle-fever-old-new-raving-20th-anniversary|title=The return of Jungle Fever brings together the best in old and new raving |date=22 July 2016|work=The Guardian}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://noisey.vice.com/en_uk/article/mvbp54/bold-frequency-exploring-the-legacy-of-pirate-radio-culture|title=Bold Frequency: Exploring the Legacy of Pirate Radio Culture|date=10 November 2016|website=Vice}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://hackneyhistory.wordpress.com/2013/01/21/rush-fm-raided-1993/ |title=Rush FM raided, 1993 - The Radical History of Hackney|website=Hackney History|date=21 January 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.koolfm.co.uk/|title=Kool FM Midlands 105.6|website=koolfm.co.uk|access-date=2016-01-03}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom/latest/media/media-releases/2005/ofcom-tackles-illegal-broadcasting|title=Ofcom tackles illegal broadcasting|website=Ofcom|language=en|access-date=2018-03-05}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/6617765.stm| title= Pirate radio 'risk to aircraft'|website=BBC News| date=2 May 2007}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://koollondon.com/index.php|title=Welcome to Kool London|website=koollondon.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-03-05}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://thequietus.com/articles/24020-eddie-peake-kool-fm-white-cube |title= Features - Eddie Peake And Kool London At The White Cube |website= TheQuietus| date=11 February 2018}} External links
3 : Radio stations in London|Pirate radio stations in the United Kingdom|Internet radio stations in the United Kingdom |
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