| 词条 | Kosmos 2251 |
| 释义 |
| name = Kosmos 2251 | image = Strela-2M.jpg | image_caption = A Strela-2M communication satellite, similar to Kosmos 2251 | mission_type = Communication | operator = VKS | website = | COSPAR_ID = 1993-036A | SATCAT = 22675 | mission_duration = | spacecraft_type = Strela-2M | manufacturer = Reshetnev | dry_mass = | launch_mass = {{convert|900|kg|lb}} | power = | spacecraft_bus = KAUR-1[1] | launch_date = {{start-date|16 June 1993, 04:17 UTC|timezone=yes}} | launch_rocket = Kosmos-3M | launch_site = Plesetsk 132/1 | launch_contractor = | disposal_type = | deactivated = | last_contact = | decay_date = 10 February 2009| decay_field = Destroyed | orbit_epoch = 16 June 1993, 20:00:00 UTC[2] | orbit_reference = Geocentric | orbit_regime = Low Earth | orbit_eccentricity = 0.00265 | orbit_periapsis = {{convert|778|km|mi}} | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|803|km|mi}} | orbit_inclination = 74.00 degrees | orbit_period = 100.70 minutes | apsis = gee }}Kosmos-2251, ({{lang-ru|Космос-2251}} meaning Cosmos 2251), was a Russian Strela-2M communications satellite. It was launched into Low Earth orbit from Site 132/1 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome at 04:17 UTC on 16 June 1993, by a Kosmos-3M carrier rocket.[3][4] The Strela satellites had a lifespan of 5 years, and the Russian government reported that Kosmos-2251 cesed functioning in 1995.[5] Russia was later criticised by The Space Review for leaving a defunct satellite in a congensted orbit, rather than deorbiting it. In response, Russia noted that they were (and are)[6] not required to do so under international law.[7][8] In any case, the KAUR-1 satellites had no propulsion system.[9][10] Destruction{{main|2009 satellite collision}}At 16:56 UTC on 10 February 2009,[11] it collided with Iridium 33, an Iridium satellite,[12] in the first major collision of two satellites in Earth orbit. The Iridium satellite, which was operational at the time of the collision, was destroyed, as was Kosmos-2251.[13] NASA reported that a large amount of debris was produced by the collision.[14][15] References1. ^{{cite web|publisher=Secure World Foundation|url=https://swfound.org/media/6575/swf_iridium_cosmos_collision_fact_sheet_updated_2012.pdf|title=2009 Iridium-Cosmos Collision Fact Sheet|date=November 10, 2010|author=Brian Weeden}} {{Portal|Spaceflight}}{{wikinewshas|news coverage of the 2009 satellite collision2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftOrbit.do?id=1993-036A|title=NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Trajectory Details|website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-05-02}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/s/strela-2m.html|title=Strela-2M|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=25 March 2019}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/k/kosmos11k65m.html|title=Kosmos-11k65|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=11 February 2009}} 5. ^{{cite web|publisher=The Moscow Times|url=http://old.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/first-satellite-collision-called-threat-in-space/374510.html|title=First Satellite Collision Called Threat in Space|date=February 13, 2009}} 6. ^{{cite journal|volume=19|page=233|title=Regulating the Space Commons: Treating SpaceDebris as Abandoned Property in Violation of the Outer Space Treaty|url=https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1741&context=cjil |author=Chelsea Muñoz-Patchen|year=2018|journal=Chicago Journal of International Law}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1314/2|author=Brian Weeden |date=February 23, 2009 |title=Billiards in Space |publisher=The Space Review}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thespacereview.com/article/2023/1|title=Iridium 33 and Cosmos 2251 three years later: where are we now? |publisher=The Space Review|author=Michael Listner |date=February 13, 2012}} 9. ^Игорь Королев. Авария на $50 млн // Ведомости, № 26 (2296), 13 февраля 2009 10. ^{{cite web|title=Russian Space Probes: Scientific Discoveries and Future Missions|author1=Brian Harvey |author2=Olga Zakutnyaya|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=q6qyVkapjeoC&pg=PA115&lpg=PA115&dq=KAUR+satellite+bus&source=bl&ots=LMBLAKAaXw&sig=ACfU3U1eyxLuhvB-cx1xZSh83EOkZ5gRag&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwispufhuJ3hAhUTA3IKHZ2ND-04ChDoATAHegQICBAB#v=onepage&q=KAUR%20satellite%20bus&f=false|isbn=1441981500|year=2011|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/news/090211-satellite-collision.html|title=U.S. Satellite Destroyed in Space Collision|last=Iannotta|first=Becky|date=11 February 2009|publisher=Space.com|accessdate=11 February 2009}} 12. ^{{cite web |title=Office for Outer Space Affairs |url=http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/search.do?internationalDesignatorCrit=1993-036A&stateOrganizationCrit=RU |publisher=United Nations |quote=Reported as colliding with Iridum 33 (1997-051C) on 10/02/2009 |accessdate=12 February 2009}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7885051.stm|title=Russian and US satellites collide|date=12 February 2009|publisher=BBC News|quote=Russia has not commented on claims that the satellite was out of control. |accessdate=12 February 2009}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5grGfFhzFgjxK46MQHTwD1RgRUwCAD969LB802|title=2 orbiting satellites collide 500 miles up|date=11 February 2009|publisher=Associated Press|accessdate=11 February 2009}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/pres/stsc2011/tech-31.pdf|title=U.S. Space debris environment and operational updates|date=7 February 2011|publisher=NASA|accessdate=25 August 2010}}
6 : Communications satellites in low Earth orbit|Spacecraft launched in 1993|Satellite collisions|Kosmos satellites|Artificial satellites formerly orbiting Earth|Derelict satellites orbiting Earth |
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