| 词条 | Krishna Vasudeva |
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The cult of Krishna Vāsudeva (IAST {{IAST|kṛṣṇa vāsudeva}} "Krishna, son of Vasudeva") is historically one of the earliest forms of worship in Krishnaism and Vaishnavism.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} It is believed{{By whom|date=January 2019}} to be a significant tradition of the early history of the worship of Krishna in antiquity. This tradition is considered separately to other traditions that led to amalgamation at a later stage of the historical development. Other traditions are Bhagavatism and the Cult of Gopala, that along with the Cult of Bala-Krishna, form the basis of current tradition of monotheistic religion of Krishna.[2][3] Some early scholars equate it with Bhagavatism,[4] and the founder of this religious tradition is believed to be Krishna, who is the son of Vasudeva, thus his name is Vāsudeva. Historically, he is believed to be part of the Satvata tribe, and according to them his followers called themselves Bhagavatas. This religion formed between the 4th century BC and the 2nd century BC (the time of Patanjali), according to evidence in Megasthenes and in the Arthashastra of Kautilya, when Vāsudeva was worshiped as supreme Deity in a strongly monotheistic format, where the supreme Being was perfect, eternal and full of grace.[5] In many sources outside of the cult, devotee or bhakta is defined as Vāsudevaka.[6] The Harivamsa describes intricate relationships between Krishna Vasudeva, Sankarsana, Pradyumna and Aniruddha that would later form a Vaishnava concept of primary quadrupled expansion, or chatur vyuha.[7] See also
Footnotes1. ^Osmund Bopearachchi, [https://www.academia.edu/25807197 Emergence of Viṣṇu and Śiva Images in India: Numismatic and Sculptural Evidence], 2016. 2. ^{{cite book| author = KLOSTERMAIER, Klaus K.| authorlink = Klaus Klostermaier| pages = 206| year = 2005| title = A Survey of Hinduism| publisher = State University of New York Press; 3 edition| isbn = 0-7914-7081-4| quote = Present day Krishna worship is an amalgam of various elements. According to historical testimonies Krishna-Vasudeva worship already flourished in and around Mathura several centuries before Christ. A second important element is the cult of Krishna Govinda. Still later is the worship of Bala-Krishna, the Divine Child Krishna - a quite prominent feature of modern Krishnaism. The last element seems to have been Krishna Gopijanavallabha, Krishna the lover of the Gopis, among whom Radha occupies a special position. In some books Krishna is presented as the founder and first teacher of the Bhagavata religion.}} 3. ^{{cite journal|title=Review:Krishna: Myths, Rites, and Attitudes. by Milton Singer; Daniel H. H. Ingalls, The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 27, No. 3 (May, 1968), pp. 667-670|last=BASHAM|first=A. L.|jstor=2051211}} 4. ^{{Harvnb|Hastings|2003|p=540}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Hastings|2003|pp=540–42}} 6. ^{{cite book| author = SINGH, R.R.| year = 2007| title = Bhakti And Philosophy| publisher = Lexington Books| isbn = 0-7391-1424-7}}:p. 10: "[Panini's] term Vāsudevaka, explained by the second century B.C commentator Patanjali, as referring to "the follower of Vasudeva, God of gods." 7. ^"Chatur vyuha," article at Bhaktipedia (a Hare Krishna's site). References
|author= Hastings, James Rodney |authorlink=James Hastings |editor= |others=John A Selbie |title=Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics | volume = 4 |language= |publisher=Kessinger Publishing, LLC |location=Edinburgh |year = 2003 | edition = 2nd |origyear=1908–26 |pages=476 |quote=The encyclopedia will contain articles on all the religions of the world and on all the great systems of ethics. It will aim at containing articles on every religious belief or custom, and on every ethical movement, every philosophical idea, every moral practice. |isbn=0-7661-3673-6 |oclc= |doi= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kaz58z--NtUC&pg=PA540&vq=Krishna |accessdate=2008-05-03 }}
|title=A Revolution in {{IAST|Kṛṣṇaism}}: The Cult of Gopāla: History of Religions, Vol. 25, No. 4 (May, 1986), pp. 296-317 |last=Hein |first=Norvin |jstor=1062622 }}
|title = Krishna Myths Rites & Attitudes |author = SINGER, Milton |publisher = UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO |year = 1900 |isbn = 0-313-22822-1 }}
| author = Delmonico, N. | year = 2004 | title = The History Of Indic Monotheism And Modern Chaitanya Vaishnavism | journal = The Hare Krishna Movement: the Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mBMxPdgrBhoC&pg=PA31&dq=Vaisnava+monotheism | accessdate = 2008-04-12 | publisher = Columbia University Press | isbn = 978-0-231-12256-6 }}
| author = Mahony, W.K. | year = 1987 | title = Perspectives on Krsna's Various Personalities | journal = History of Religions | volume = 26 | issue = 3 | pages = 333–335 | jstor = 198702 | doi=10.1086/463085 }}
1 : Forms of Krishna |
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