| 词条 | Kirov, Kirov Oblast | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| en_name = Kirov | ru_name = Киров | loc_name1 = | loc_lang1 = | loc_name2 = | loc_lang2 = | loc_name3 = | loc_lang3 = | loc_name4 = | loc_lang4 = | other_name = | other_lang = | image_skyline = Восход над Кировом.jpg | image_caption = View of Kirov | image_map = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|58|36|N|49|41|E|display=inline,title}} | image_flag = Flag of Kirov (Kirov oblast).svg | flag_caption = | image_coa = Coat of arms of Kirov.svg | coa_caption = | anthem = none | anthem_ref = [1] | holiday = observed in June | holiday_ref = [2] | federal_subject = Kirov Oblast | federal_subject_ref = [3] | adm_district_jur = | adm_district_jur_ref = | adm_inhabloc_jur = City of Kirov | adm_inhabloc_jur_ref = [3] | adm_citydistrict_jur = | adm_citydistrict_type = | adm_citydistrict_jur_ref = | adm_selsoviet_jur = | adm_selsoviet_type = | adm_selsoviet_jur_ref = | capital_of = | capital_of_ref = | adm_ctr_of1 = Kirov Oblast | adm_ctr_of1_ref = [3] | adm_ctr_of2 = City of Kirov | adm_ctr_of2_ref = [3] | adm_ctr_of3 = | adm_ctr_of3_ref = | inhabloc_cat = City | inhabloc_cat_ref = [3] | inhabloc_type = | inhabloc_type_ref = | mun_district_jur = | mun_district_jur_ref = | urban_okrug_jur = Kirov Urban Okrug | urban_okrug_jur_ref = [8] | urban_settlement_jur = | urban_settlement_jur_ref = | rural_settlement_jur = | rural_settlement_jur_ref = | inter_settlement_territory = | inter_settlement_territory_ref = | mun_admctr_of1 = Kirov Urban Okrug | mun_admctr_of1_ref = [8] | mun_admctr_of2 = | mun_admctr_of2_ref = | leader_title = Head | leader_title_ref = [3] | leader_name = Valery Vladykin | leader_name_ref = [4] | representative_body = City Duma | representative_body_ref = [5] | elevation_m = | area_km2 = 757.0 | area_km2_ref = [6] | pop_2010census = 473695 | pop_2010census_rank = 38th | pop_2010census_ref = [14] | pop_latest = | pop_latest_date = | pop_latest_ref = | population_demonym = | time_zone_ref = | established_date = 1374 | established_title = | established_date_ref = [7][16] | current_cat_date = | current_cat_date_ref = | abolished_date = | abolished_date_ref = | postal_codes = 610000–610002, 610004–610011, 610013–610021, 610025–610027, 610029–610031, 610033, 610035, 610037, 610040, 610042, 610044–610048, 610050, 610051, 610890, 610899, 610960–610967, 610990, 610995, 610999 | postal_codes_ref = | dialing_codes = 8332 | dialing_codes_ref = | website = http://www.mo-kirov.ru }}{{Infobox |title=Kirov population |bodystyle=width:23.5em |label1=2010 Census |data1=473,695[14] |label2=2002 Census |data2=480,411[8] |label3=1989 Census |data3=440,240[9] |label4=1979 Census |data4=389,533[10] }}Kirov ({{lang-rus|Киров|p=ˈkʲirəf}}) is a city and the administrative center of Kirov Oblast, Russia, located on the Vyatka River. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 473,695.[11] It was previously known as Khlynov ({{lang|ru|Хлы́нов}}, until 1780),[7] Vyatka ({{lang|ru|Вя́тка}}, until 1934).[16][7] HistoryKhlynov was first mentioned in 1374.[12] It was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1489 and became known throughout Russia for its clay statuettes and whistles. It was also managed by Khanate of Kazan and was known as "Hılın". The town's oldest surviving monument is the Assumption Cathedral (1689), an imposing structure surmounted by five globular domes. In 1780, Catherine the Great renamed the town Vyatka and made it the seat of Vyatka Governorate.{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} The town also served as a place of exile, notably for Alexander Herzen, Alexander Vitberg, and Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin. By the end of the 19th century, it was an important station on the Trans-Siberian railway. In December 1934,{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} it was renamed for the Soviet leader Sergey Kirov, who had been assassinated on December 1. However, whilst the name Kirov has remained since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, numerous institutions such as the university bear the former name of Vyatka.
Administrative and municipal statusKirov is the administrative center of the oblast.[13] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with 134 rural localities, incorporated as the City of Kirov—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[13] As a municipal division, the City of Kirov is incorporated as Kirov Urban Okrug.[14] EconomyKirov is a major transport hub (railway; Trans-Siberian main) and river port. It is served by Kirov Pobedilovo airport. During the 1990s this airport was closed and for several years provided only irregular service. During the 2003-2006 summer seasons there were signs of a revival in air transportation as several companies attempted to establish flight routes from Kirov to Moscow and Krasnodar. Since 2006 Kirov airport has been used by a local company operating flights to Moscow. The Kirov River port went bankrupt in the late 1990s and all its river boats were sold to other regions. Kirov is a center of machine building; metallurgy, light, the printing trade, biochemical and the timber industry. CultureMuseums
Vyatka Museum of Art, one of the oldest museums in Russia, was founded in 1910 by local artists. The idea of creation belongs to natives of Vyatka land, brothers artists Viktor Vasnetsov and Apollinary Vasnetsov. At the core of the collection — works that received the most part in the 1910-1920s from the State Museum Fund, private collections and as gifts — from patrons and artists. Today the museum has more than fifteen thousand exhibits and is located in four buildings in Kirov downtown.[15]
Theaters
Circus
According to a report in Pravda dated January 4, 2005, Kirov is known as the "city of twins" for the unusually high number of multiple births there.[17] According to a report, the city is home to a high concentration of red-haired individuals.[18] SportsRodina[19] plays in the highest division of Russian Bandy League. Their home arena has a capacity of 7500.[20] It was the venue of the national final in 2013.[21] Rodina-2 will participate in the Russian Rink Bandy Cup 2017.[22]EducationKirov is the home of Vyatka University, Vyatka University for the Humanities, Vyatka Agricultural Academy and Kirov State Medical Academy. ClimateKirov has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb). {{Weather box |location=Kirov |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C=3.8 |Feb record high C=6.0 |Mar record high C=13.9 |Apr record high C=27.3 |May record high C=32.9 |Jun record high C=36.9 |Jul record high C=36.6 |Aug record high C=35.9 |Sep record high C=30.1 |Oct record high C=22.6 |Nov record high C=11.0 |Dec record high C=7.0 |year record high C=36.9 |Jan high C=-8.7 |Feb high C=-7.4 |Mar high C=0.0 |Apr high C=8.8 |May high C=16.9 |Jun high C=22.0 |Jul high C=24.2 |Aug high C=20.6 |Sep high C = 14.0 |Oct high C = 5.9 |Nov high C = -2.6 |Dec high C = -7.1 |year high C = 7.2 |Jan mean C = -11.9 |Feb mean C = -10.9 |Mar mean C = -4.0 |Apr mean C = 4.0 |May mean C = 11.2 |Jun mean C = 16.5 |Jul mean C = 18.9 |Aug mean C = 15.6 |Sep mean C = 9.7 |Oct mean C = 3.0 |Nov mean C = -4.9 |Dec mean C = -9.9 |year mean C = 3.1 |Jan low C = -15.0 |Feb low C = -14.0 |Mar low C = -7.6 |Apr low C = -0.1 |May low C = 6.3 |Jun low C = 11.8 |Jul low C = 14.1 |Aug low C = 11.6 |Sep low C = 6.4 |Oct low C = 0.6 |Nov low C = -7.2 |Dec low C = -12.8 |year low C = -0.5 |Jan record low C = -41.9 |Feb record low C = -40.5 |Mar record low C = -33.8 |Apr record low C = -21.2 |May record low C = -10.5 |Jun record low C = -2.4 |Jul record low C = 2.7 |Aug record low C = 0.0 |Sep record low C = -8.3 |Oct record low C = -23.2 |Nov record low C = -39.8 |Dec record low C = -45.2 |year record low C = -45.2 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 49 |Feb precipitation mm = 33 |Mar precipitation mm = 38 |Apr precipitation mm = 34 |May precipitation mm = 54 |Jun precipitation mm = 78 |Jul precipitation mm = 77 |Aug precipitation mm = 77 |Sep precipitation mm = 61 |Oct precipitation mm = 64 |Nov precipitation mm = 57 |Dec precipitation mm = 55 |year precipitation mm = 677 |Jan humidity = 85 |Feb humidity = 81 |Mar humidity = 74 |Apr humidity = 65 |May humidity = 60 |Jun humidity = 67 |Jul humidity = 70 |Aug humidity = 76 |Sep humidity = 80 |Oct humidity = 84 |Nov humidity = 86 |Dec humidity = 85 |year humidity = 76 |Jan rain days = 6 |Feb rain days = 4 |Mar rain days = 6 |Apr rain days = 14 |May rain days = 18 |Jun rain days = 19 |Jul rain days = 18 |Aug rain days = 20 |Sep rain days = 22 |Oct rain days = 20 |Nov rain days = 11 |Dec rain days = 7 |year rain days = 165 |Jan snow days = 28 |Feb snow days = 24 |Mar snow days = 20 |Apr snow days = 9 |May snow days = 3 |Jun snow days = 0.3 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 1 |Oct snow days = 12 |Nov snow days = 24 |Dec snow days = 28 |year snow days = 149 |Jan sun = 35 |Feb sun = 74 |Mar sun = 141 |Apr sun = 201 |May sun = 265 |Jun sun = 284 |Jul sun = 269 |Aug sun = 233 |Sep sun = 130 |Oct sun = 61 |Nov sun = 33 |Dec sun = 21 |year sun = 1747 |source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net[23] |source 2 = NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[24] |date=February 2012 }} GalleryTwin towns and sister cities{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}Kirov is twinned with:
Notable people
ReferencesNotes1. ^Article 4 of the Charter of Kirov states that the city will have an anthem once one is officially adopted. As of 2016, an anthem is not listed among the symbols of the city shown on the official website of Kirov. 2. ^Charter of Kirov, Article 4 3. ^Charter of Kirov, Article 28 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://duma.mo-kirov.ru/glava/index.php|title=Head of the City of Kirov|publisher=Official website of the city of Kirov|accessdate=November 29, 2016|language=ru}} 5. ^Charter of Kirov, Article 22 6. ^Official website of Kirov. Administrative-Territorial Structure {{ru icon}} 7. ^1 2 Official website of Kirov. Brief Historical Reference {{ru icon}} 8. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}} 9. ^{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}} 10. ^{{ru-pop-ref|1979Census}} 11. ^1 2 {{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 12. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|pages=193–195}} 13. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Law #387-ZO 14. ^1 2 Law #284-ZO 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://artgallery.kirov.ru/vasnecov.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-11-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719143544/http://artgallery.kirov.ru/vasnecov.html |archivedate=July 19, 2006 |df=mdy-all }} 16. ^Вятский палеонтологический музей 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.pravda.ru/science/19/94/377/14784_twins.html|title=Multiple births in Oblast Kirov|accessdate=28 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050112081550/http://english.pravda.ru/science/19/94/377/14784_twins.html|archive-date=January 12, 2005|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://jamesmcinerney.ie/2013/07/01/the-distribution-of-red-hair-in-europe/ |title=Map of Redheads in Europe |accessdate=2 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705044217/http://jamesmcinerney.ie/2013/07/01/the-distribution-of-red-hair-in-europe/ |archivedate=July 5, 2013 |df= }} 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://khcrodina.ru/ |title="Родина" Киров Официальный сайт хоккейного клуба - Новости |publisher=Khcrodina.ru |date=2013-03-14 |accessdate=2013-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112003147/http://www.khcrodina.ru/ |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ru&u=http://www.rusbandy.ru/stadium/7/&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.rusbandy.ru/stadium/7/%26hl%3Den%26tbo%3Dd%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D545 |title=Google Translate |publisher=Translate.google.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-03-26}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=ru&u=http://bandyworld.info/digest/2199/&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%25D0%259C%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BE%2B%25D1%2581%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F%2B%25D0%25AF%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%2B2013%26hl%3Den%26tbo%3Dd%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D545 |title=Google Translate |publisher=Translate.google.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-03-26}} 22. ^http://www.rusbandy.ru/season/322/ 23. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/27199.htm| title = Weather and Climate-The Climate of Kirov| accessdate = April 5, 2016| publisher = Погода и климат| language = Russian}} 24. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/RE/27196.TXT| title = Kirov Climate Normals 1961–1990| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = April 5, 2016}} Sources
Further reading
External links{{Wikivoyage|Kirov}}
2 : Kirov, Kirov Oblast|Vyatka Governorate |
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