词条 | Kung (Haida village) |
释义 |
ClansThe Ḵung village was populated by four main clans: the Staastas Eagles, Those Who Left The West Coast, the Up-inlet Town People and a single Saganusili Raven clan.[4] The east of the village was home to the Up-inlet Town People, who were the original occupants, and Those Who Left The West Coast. The Staastas Eagle clan were the residents of the west side of Ḵung, with the exception of one Rose Spit Raven family known as Saganusili. Guulas was village chief and member of the Up-inlet Town People clan. Houses from west to eastIn 1899, John Swanton interviewed a number of elderly people living in Massett about the village of Ḵung. He recorded information on the last stage of occupation:[4][5]
MigrationIn 1853 residents from Kiusta village migrated to Ḵung. Chief Albert Edward Edenshaw (7idansuu, One that can hold Crowds)[5] of Kiusta moved his people to Ḵung as part of the larger Haida migrations occurring in the late 1800s, related to massive population decimation resulting from disease.[4] The Haida were hit with a series of smallpox epidemics resulting in population decline from 20,000 prior to 1770 to less than 600 by the late 1800s.[6] The surveyor and geologist, George Mercer Dawson visited the village in 1878 and describes 8 to 10 decaying homes some of which were still inhabited, facing long the bank towards the water.[7] After Dawson’s visit to the village, residents moved from Ḵung to the larger area of G̲aaw (Old Massett).[4] Provincial government surveyor Newton Chittenden visited Ḵung in 1884 and it had been left as a permanent village, but the site continued to be utilized as a halibut fishing camp with more temporary structures built.[1] Anthropologist George A. Dorsey collected ancestral remains from many Haida grave sites in Ḵung, which were stored at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago.[1] Dorsey recorded details about the grave sites of former chiefs and spiritual healers (shamans) in his journal, while pillaging the grave sites for human remains.[1] The Haida Repatriation Committee with the Haida Heritage Centre at Ḵay 'Llnagaay have been actively working on repatriating the ancestral remains of over 500 Haidas from provincial, federal and international museums back to Haida Gwaii for traditional burial.[8] There were proposals put forward by the Haida Heritage and Repatriation Society in 2010, to take canoes to the village sites of [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yan_(Haida_village)&action=edit&redlink=1 Yan], Ḵung and Kiusta to hold ceremonies to honour the Haida people that died from smallpox epidemics.[9] Similar ceremonies have been done at sites like Bones Bay, to honour the kuuniisii (ancestors) that died during disease epidemics.[10] ReserveKung Indian Reserve No. 11, or Kung 11 in official registries, is located at the site of Ḵung.[11] The Kung Indian Reserve is under the administration of the Haida Nation (Old Massett Village Council) and is 28.7 ha in size.[12] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book|title=Haida Art|last=MacDonald|first=George|publisher=Douglas & McIntyre|year=1996|isbn=1-55054-402-0|location=Vancouver|pages=174}} 2. ^{{BCGNIS|35834|Kung}} 3. ^{{Cite book|title=Chiefs of the Sea and Sky|last=MacDonald|first=George|publisher=UBC Press|year=1989|isbn=9780774854290|location=Vancouver|pages=86}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|title=Haida Monumental Art: Villages of the Queen Charlotte Islands|last=MacDonald|first=George|publisher=UBC Press|year=1983|isbn=9780774856461|location=Vancouver|pages=179–182}} 5. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Part 1. - The Haida of Queen Charlotte Islands|last=Swanton|first=John R.|publisher=E. J. Brill|year=1905|isbn=|location=|pages=292–293}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.haidanation.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/jl_mar.09.pdf|title=Strange New Sickness|last=Kil'iljuss Wilson|first=Barb|date=March 2009|work=Haida Laas: Journal of the Haida Nation|access-date=September 15, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|publisher=Council of the Haida Nation}} 7. ^{{Cite book|title=To the Charlottes: George Dawson's 1878 Survey of the Queen Charlotte Islands|last=Cole|first=Douglas|last2=Lockner|first2=Bradley|publisher=UBC Press|year=1993|isbn=9780774853712|location=Vancouver|pages=155}} 8. ^{{Cite book|title=The force of family: repatriation, kinship, and memory on Haida Gwaii|last=Krmpotich|first=Cara|publisher=University of Toronto|year=2014|isbn=9781442614505|location=Toronto|pages=}} 9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.gwaiitrust.com/projects_HHP_applications_06w10/Healthy_Humans_April_2010/HH_Repatriation_OM_end_of_mourning_canoe_Journey_03w10.pdf|title=End of Mourning Canoe Journey|last=Haida Heritage and Repatriation Society|first=|date=March 26, 2010|work=Gwaii Trust Society|access-date=September 15, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 10. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.haidanation.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/jl_mar.09.pdf|title=For Those of Us at Bones Bay|last=|first=|date=March 2009|work=Haida Laas: Journal of the Haida Nation|access-date=September 15, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|publisher=Council of the Haida Nation}} 11. ^{{BCGNIS|32264|Kung Indian Reserve 11}} 12. ^Kung 11, Reserve/Settlement/Village Detail, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada 2 : Haida villages|History of British Columbia |
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