| 词条 | Kunōzan Tōshō-gū |
| 释义 |
| name = Kunō-zan Tōshō-gū 久能山東照宮 | image = Haiden of Kunozan Toshogu.jpg | caption = Haiden of Kunō-zan Tōshō-gū | map_type = Japan | map_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|34.964742|N|138.467642|E|format=dms|region:JP-22_type:landmark|display=title,inline}} | map_relief = | map_size = | map_caption = | religious_affiliation = Shinto | type = Tōshō-gū | deity = Tokugawa Ieyasu | founded_by = | established = 1617 | date_destroyed = | location = 390 Negoya, Suruga Ward, Shizuoka City | website = {{URL|http://www.toshogu.or.jp/}} | architecture_style = | festival = | leadership = }} The {{nihongo| Kunō-zan Tōshō-gū |久能山東照宮}} is a Shintō shrine in Suruga-ku in the city of Shizuoka in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is the original burial place of the first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu, and is thus the oldest of the Tōshō-gū shrines in the country. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on April 17, although its spring festival on February 17–18 is a larger event.[1] HistoryMount Kunō (216 meters) is a steep peak on Suruga Bay, and the site of an ancient Buddhist temple called {{nihongo|Kunō-ji|久能寺|}} dating to at least the early Nara period. The temple prospered during the Kamakura period under the famous prelate Enni, who introduced the cultivation of green tea to the region. After the conquest of Suruga Province by the warlord Takeda Shingen, the temple was relocated to what is now Shimizu-ku, and the mountain top fortified into a mountain castle ({{nihongo|Kunō-jo|久能城|}}. After the fall of the Takeda clan, Suruga Province came under the control of the Tokugawa clan. After Tokugawa Ieyasu retired to Sunpu Castle, he continued to maintain the fortifications on Mount Kunō. After his death, Tokugawa Hidetada ordered that he be buried on its peak, and had the first shrine buildings erected. The 3rd shōgun, Tokugawa Iemitsu, relocated Ieyasu's grave to the Nikkō Tōshō-gū, but a portion of his deified spirit was held to still reside on Mount Kunō. The shrine was kept in good repair by the Sunpu jōdai until the Meiji Restoration.[2] With the overthrow of the Tokugawa by the new Meiji government, and the subsequent separation of Buddhism and Shintō, the Kunōzan Tōshō-gū suffered the loss of a number of its structures and much of its revenue. At the present, most of the surviving buildings of the Kunōzan Tōshō-gū are protected by the national government as Important Cultural Properties and the whole mountain is protected as a National Historic Site. Enshrined kamiThe primary kami of Kunō-zan Tōshō-gū is the {{nihongo|Tōshō-Daigongen|東照大権現|}}, the deified spirit of Tokugawa Ieyasu. Secondary kami, enshrined after the start of the Meiji period, are the spirits of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Oda Nobunaga. A subsidiary Hie Shrine dedicated to Ōyamakui-no-kami was established during the Meiji period. Notable structuresThe Japanese government has designated 13 structures of the Kunō-zan Tōshō-gū as National Important Cultural Properties (ICP). These include the Honden and Heiden which were built in 1617, and show the flamboyant, colorful style of the late Momoyama period, with extravagant wood carvings, gold leaf and painted decorations over black lacquer. In addition to these buildings, Kunō-zan Tōshō-gū also has a number of art treasures, which are on display at its museum. These include a number of tachi (Japanese swords), one of which is a National Treasure, and 12 of which (including one wakizashi) are Important Cultural Properties. Additional Important Cultural Properties include two suits of armor, pair of eyeglasses and a clock owned by Tokugawa Ieyasu, along with 73 documents in his own handwriting. See also
References
External links{{Commons category|Kunōzan Tōshō-gū}}
Notes1. ^Plutschow. Matsuri: The Festivals of Japan.{{page needed|date=March 2013}} {{Shinto shrine}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kunozan Tosho-gu}}2. ^Sadler, A. L. The Maker of Modern Japan, The Life of Tokugawa Ieyasu 4 : Buildings and structures completed in 1617|Shinto shrines in Shizuoka Prefecture|Buildings and structures in Shizuoka, Shizuoka|1617 establishments in Japan |
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