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词条 Kurds in the United Kingdom
释义

  1. History

  2. Demography

  3. Integration issues

  4. Notable Britons of Kurdish descent

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{POV|date=May 2016}}{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Kurds in the United Kingdom
|caption = |population = 50,000 (estimated)
|popplace = London, Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow
|langs = British English, Kurdish, Turkish, Arabic, Persian, Syriac
|rels = Islam (majority Sunni, minority Alevi), Zoroastrian, and a significant number of Yarsan, and Kurdish Christians
|related =Iranian People
}}

Kurds in the United Kingdom may refer to people born in or residing in the United Kingdom of Kurdish origin.

History

Kurdish people first arrived to Britain in large numbers during the 1980s,[1] mostly from the disputed territories of Kurdistan (Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia and Syria), fleeing the suppression of their language and culture.[2]

Demography

According to the Department for Communities and Local Government, drawing on a BBC source, the Kurdish community in the UK numbered around 50,000 in 2002, among which Iraqi Kurds make up the largest group, exceeding the numbers from Turkey and Iran.[3] They have settled across the country including in major cities such as London, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds and Glasgow.[4][5]

"Kurdish" is not one of the predefined tick-box answers for the ethnicity question on the UK Census, but respondents are able to write in their preferred self-designation.[6] In the 2011 Census, the number of respondents writing in "Kurdish" was 47,871 in England, 1,106 in Wales,[7] 844 in Scotland[8] and 20 in Northern Ireland.[9] The number of people in England and Wales that speak Kurdish as their main language was recorded as 48,239.[10] In Scotland, the figure was 924.[11]

Integration issues

There have been reports about discrimination and cultural problems among Iraqi Kurds.[12] There have also been honour killings among the Kurdish diaspora in the UK.[13] Writing in 2009, criminologist Aisha Gill noted that little research had taken place into honour crimes in the UK, and that this lack of evidence was "particularly marked in the case of Iranian and Kurdish communities, where the incidence of honor crimes is increasing".[14]

A report published by the Centre for Gender and Violence Research at the University of Bristol and the University of Roehampton in 2010 notes that "it is important to recognize that it is not possible to associate honour-based violence with one particular religion...or culture", but also concludes that "[h]onour-based violence remains prevalent in Kurdish communities in different locations", including the UK. The report finds that "the patriarchal or male-dominated values that underpin these communities often conflict with the values, and even laws, of mainstream UK society. This makes it particularly hard for second or third generation women to define their own values...Instances of HBV [honour-based violence] often result from conflicting attitudes towards life and family codes".[15] Banaz Mahmod, a 20-year-old Iraqi Kurd woman from Mitcham, south London, was killed in 2006, in a murder orchestrated by her father, uncle and cousins.[16] Her life and murder were presented in a documentary called A Love Story, directed and produced by Deeyah Khan. Other examples include the first honour killing to be legally recognised in the UK, which was that of Heshu Yones, who was stabbed to death by her Kurdish father in London in 2002 when her family discovered she had a Lebanese Christian boyfriend,[17] and the killing of Tulay Goren, a Kurdish Shia Muslim girl who immigrated with her family from Turkey.[18] The Centre for Gender and Violence Research report finds that: "Both HBV survivors and women's NGOs working with them continue to encounter inadequate responses and poor practice which needs to be addressed, as well as potentially racist, judgmental and stigmatizing attitudes".[15] The Iranian and Kurdish Women's Rights Organisation has called for a national strategy to address the problem of honour killings.[19] Other UK-based Kurdish organisations attempting to tackle the issue of honour killings include Kurdish Women Action Against Honour Killing.[14]

Notable Britons of Kurdish descent

  • Caucher Birkar, mathematician and professor at University of Cambridge
  • Dlawer Ala'Aldeen, professor of Clinical Microbiology and head of the Molecular Bacteriology and Immunology Group at University of Nottingham
  • Tara Jaff,a prominent contemporary Kurdish musician specializing in harp
  • Saad Eskander, academic and researcher
  • Houzan Mahmoud, women rights activist
  • Nadhim Zahawi, the first British-Kurdish Member of Parliament[20]
  • Shwan Jalal, footballer[21]
  • İbrahim Doğuş, Labour politician and businessman[22]

See also

  • Kurdish population
  • Syrians in the United Kingdom
  • Iranians in the United Kingdom
  • British Iraqis
  • British Turks

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.workinglives.org/londonmet/fms/MRSite/Research/wlri/Working%20Papers/WLRI%20Working%20Paper%20No%206.pdf|title=To whom do I turn when I am invisible?: The experience of Kurdish workers who have problems at work?|publisher=London Metropolitan University |accessdate=4 December 2009}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.untoldlondon.org.uk/news/ART35001.html|title=Recording Kurdish history in London|date=9 March 2006|publisher=Untold London|accessdate=29 December 2008}}
3. ^{{citation|last=Communities and Local Government|first=|year=2009|title=The Iraqi Muslim Community in England: Understanding Muslim Ethnic Communities|url=http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/communities/iraqicommunity|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120919132719/http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/communities/iraqicommunity|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2012-09-19|place=|publisher=Communities and Local Government|isbn=978-1-4098-1263-0|page=35}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.khrp.org/component/option,com_docman/task,doc_download/gid,208/|archive-url=https://archive.is/20120218163506/http://www.khrp.org/component/option,com_docman/task,doc_download/gid,208/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2012-02-18|title=Kurdish culture in the UK|publisher=Kurdish Human Rights Project|date=January 2006|accessdate=17 December 2009}}
5. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7746969.stm|title=UK Kurds fight separate battles|last=Dissanayake|first=Samanthi|date=2008-12-09|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2008-12-29}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Ethnic Group|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/measuring-equality/equality/ethnic-nat-identity-religion/ethnic-group/index.html#8|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=30 April 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-wards-and-output-areas-in-england-and-wales/rft-ct0010.xls|title=Table CT0010EW 2011 Census: Ethnic group (write-in responses), local authorities in England and Wales|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=30 January 2013|accessdate=12 May 2015}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2A_Ethnicity_detailed_Scotland.pdf|title=Ethnic group (detailed): All people|publisher=National Records of Scotland|date=2013|accessdate=12 May 2015}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/Download/Census%202011_Excel/2011/QS201NI.xls|title=Ethnic group - Full detail: QS201NI|publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency|accessdate=12 May 2015}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnicity.ac.uk/medialibrary/briefings/languagesspoken/figure%201%20language-diversity.xlsx|title=Twenty largest non-English main languages by number of speakers in England and Wales, 2011|publisher=ESRC Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE)|date=16 October 2013|accessdate=12 May 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2A_Language_detailed_Scotland.pdf|title=Language used at home other than English (detailed): All people aged 3 and over|publisher=National Records of Scotland|year=2013|accessdate=12 May 2015}}
12. ^{{cite news|title=Kurds in Hull|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/jan/23/britishidentity.features116|accessdate=18 May 2016|work=the Guardian|date=23 January 2006}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Honor Crimes in Britain Far More Prevalent than Formerly Thought|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/260740/20111203/uk-honor-crimes-killings-iranian-kurdish-indian.htm|work=International Business Times|first=Palash R.|last=Ghosh|accessdate=2 December 2011}}
14. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Honor Killings and the Quest for Justice in Black and Minority Ethnic Communities in the United Kingdom|first=Aisha|last=Gill|journal=Criminal Justice Policy Review|volume=20|issue=4|year=2009|pages=475–494|doi=10.1177/0887403408329604}}
15. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.roehampton.ac.uk/uploadedFiles/Pages_Assets/PDFs_and_Word_Docs/Staff_Profiles/Aisha-Gill/Report_HBV_IK_UK_KurdishDiaspora_MCopy_December_webcirculationonly.pdf|title=Final Report: Honour-based Violence (HBV) and Honour-based Killings in Iraqi Kurdistan and in the Kurdish Diaspora in the UK|first1=Nazand|last1=Begikhani|first2=Aisha|last2=Gill|first3=Gill|last3=Hague|first4=Kawther|last4=Ibraheem|publisher=Centre for Gender and Violence Research, University of Bristol and Roehampton University|date=November 2010|accessdate=19 May 2016}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-11716272|title=Banaz Mahmod 'honour' killing cousins jailed for life|work=BBC News|accessdate=20 April 2015}}
17. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.lrb.co.uk/v31/n21/jacqueline-rose/a-piece-of-white-silk|title=A Piece of White Silk|first=Jacqueline|last=Rose|journal=London Review of Books|volume=31|issue=21|pages=5–8|date=5 November 2009}}
18. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/6832862/Honour-killing-father-convicted-of-murder-of-Tulay-Goren.html | location=London | title=Honour killing: father convicted of the killing of Tulay Goren | first=John | last=Bingham | date=17 December 2009 | work=The Daily Telegraph}}
19. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-33424644|title='Honour crime': 11,000 UK cases recorded in five years|first1=Divya|last1=Talwar|first2=Athar|last2=Ahmad|publisher=BBC News|date=9 July 2015|accessdate=20 May 2016}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://rudaw.net/english/world/09112013|title=Britain's Only Kurdish MP: Kurdistan a Beacon of Hope for Region|first=Sharmila|last=Devi|publisher=Rudaw|date=9 November 2013|accessdate=12 May 2015}}
21. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.burytimes.co.uk/sport/11537634.We_re_all_one_big_happy_family__says_Bury_stopper_Shwan_Jalal/|title=We're all one big happy family, says Bury stopper Shwan Jalal|first=Craig|last=Nelson|work=Bury Times|date=17 October 2014|accessdate=12 May 2015}}
22. ^{{cite web |url=https://labourlist.org/2018/05/my-journey-to-become-deputy-mayor-of-lambeth-shows-london-is-a-land-of-opportunity/ |title=My journey to become deputy mayor of Lambeth shows London is a land of opportunity |last=Doğuş |first=İbrahim |authorlink=İbrahim Doğuş|date=22 May 2018 |website=LabourList |access-date=22 May 2018}}

External links

  • Kurdish Exile Association - Camden
  • Kurdish Women’s Rights Watch
{{AsiansinUK}}{{Kurdish diaspora}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2011}}

6 : Kurdish diaspora|Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom|British people of Kurdish descent|British people of Asian descent|Immigration to the United Kingdom by country of origin|Muslim communities in Europe
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