| 词条 | Lactarius pyrogalus |
| 释义 |
| image = Lactarius pyrogalus.jpg | image_width = 234px | regnum = Fungi | divisio = Basidiomycota | classis = Agaricomycetes | ordo = Russulales | familia = Russulaceae | genus = Lactarius | species = L. pyrogalus | binomial = Lactarius pyrogalus | binomial_authority = (Bull. ex Fr.) (1838) | synonyms_ref = [1] | synonyms =Agaricus pyrogalus Bull. (1792) Agaricus lactifluus var. pyrogalus (Bull.) Pers. Galorrheus pyrogalus (Bull.) P.Kumm. (1871) Lactifluus pyrogalus (Bull.) Kuntze (1891) }}{{mycomorphbox | name = Lactarius pyrogalus | whichGills = decurrent | capShape = flat | hymeniumType=gills | stipeCharacter=bare | ecologicalType=mycorrhizal | sporePrintColor=ochre | howEdible=inedible }}{{stack end}} Lactarius pyrogalus, commonly known as the fire-milk lactarius, is a species of inedible mushroom in genus Lactarius. It is greyish and differentiated from other grey Lactarius by its widely spaced, yellow gills. It is found on the forest floor in mixed woodland, especially at the base of hazel trees. TaxonomyLactarius pyrogalus was first described by French mycologist Pierre Bulliard as Agaricus pyrogalus in 1792, before being given its current binomial name by Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1838. Its specific epithet is derived from the Ancient Greek roots pyro- "fire" and gala "milk".[2]DescriptionLactarius pyrogalus has a cap {{convert|5|-|10|cm|in|round=0.5|abbr=on}} across which is grey fawn, sometimes with a yellowish tinge,[3] with pink and purple tinges not unknown.[4] It is flattened convex to flat, later becoming funnel shaped.[3] The cap is sometimes faintly concentrically banded, it is thin fleshed and becomes sticky when moist,[3] but is not shiny.[5] The stem is between 4 and 6 cm, and between 7 and 15 mm thick, generally cylindrical but sometimes slightly swollen at the base.[3] The stem is whitish or concolorous with the cap, with whitish flesh.[3] It has slightly decurrent gills, which are yellow to flesh coloured, though later become a cinnamon-ochre colour.[3] The well-spaced, yellow gills differentiate it from other greyish Lactarius species.[5]SporesLactarius pyrogalus produces a light ochre spore print; the spores are broadly elliptic, with warts generally joined by a moderately thick ridges in a well-developed network.[3] The spores are 7–8 by 5.5–7 µm in size.[3][5] The spores are amyloid, meaning they stain dark blue in Melzer's reagent, and feature an incomplete net.[5]DistributionLactarius pyrogalus is fairly common[5] and is generally found at the base of hazel trees alone or in scattered groups.[6] It is particularly common in hazel woodland managed for coppice.[7] It can also be found elsewhere on the ground in mixed woodland.[5] It is found in the autumn months of August, September and October.[3][5]EdibilityLactarius pyrogalus has a very hot, acrid taste and is acidic.[3] It is due to this taste that it received both its English name, fire-milk lactarius, and its scientific name, with "pyrogalus" translating as "fire milk".[4] Despite not being poisonous,[5] it is not regarded as edible and should be avoided.[3][5] This is unlike its relative, the saffron milk-cap (L. deliciosus), which is regarded as a choice mushroom.[8]See also{{Portal|Fungi}}
References1. ^{{cite web |title=Lactarius pyrogalus (Bull.) Fr. 1838 |url=http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=157078 |publisher=International Mycological Association |work=MycoBank |accessdate=2011-06-06}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q1784373}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lactarius pyrogalus}}2. ^{{cite book | author = Liddell, Henry George and Robert Scott | year = 1980 | title = A Greek-English Lexicon (Abridged Edition) | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = United Kingdom | isbn =0-19-910207-4}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite book |title= Mushrooms and Other Fungi of Great Britain and Europe|last= Phillips|first= Roger|year= 1981|publisher= Pan Books|location= London|isbn= 0-330-26441-9|page=85}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |title= Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5HGMPEiy4ykC&pg=PA100&dq=Lactarius+pyrogalus&lr=lang_en&as_brr=3&sig=ACfU3U3eGWZJ5oY-p4NfHVKBWxYtjynYWg|accessdate= 2008-07-31|last= Roody|first= William C.|year= 2003|publisher= University Press of Kentucky|location= Kentucky|isbn= 978-0-8131-9039-6|page= 100}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite book |title= Mushrooms and Toadstools|last= Pegler|first= David N.|year= 1983|publisher= Mitchell Beazley Publishing|location= London|isbn= 0-85533-500-9|page= 78}} 6. ^{{cite book |title= The Encyclopedia of Fungi of Britain and Europe|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ULhwByKCyEwC&pg=PA306&dq=Lactarius+pyrogalus&lr=lang_en&as_brr=3&sig=ACfU3U2Zxym67Mqmhx4l5qunPnWNuaur5A|accessdate= 2008-07-31|last= Jordan|first= Michael|year= 2004|publisher= Frances Lincoln|location= London|isbn= 978-0-7112-2378-3|page= 306}} 7. ^{{cite book |title= Complete British Wildlife|last= Sterry|first= Paul|year= 1997|publisher= HarperCollins|isbn= 978-0-583-33638-3|page= 352}} 8. ^Phillips, 80. 4 : Lactarius|Inedible fungi|Fungi described in 1792|Fungi of Europe |
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