| 词条 | Lactuca muralis |
| 释义 |
|image = Mycelis muralis.jpeg |genus = Lactuca |species = muralis |authority = (L.) Gaertn. 1791 not Fresen. 1832 |synonyms_ref = [1] |synonyms =
}}Lactuca muralis, the wall lettuce, is a perennial flowering plant of the genus Lactuca in the dandelion tribe within the daisy family, also referred to Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort.[2][3] Its chief characteristic is an open airy clumps of yellow flowers. Each "flower" is actually a composite flower, consisting of 4-5 petal-like flowers (strap or ray flowers), each approximately {{convert|5|–|7|mm|in|abbr=on}} in length. There are no disc flowers. Lactuca muralis grows about {{convert|2|-|4|feet|m|1}} tall with the lower leaves pinnately toothed and clasping. DescriptionLactuca muralis is slender, hairless herb[2] growing from {{convert|25|to|150|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tall. It often has purplish stems, and exudes a milky juice. The lower leaves are lyre shaped, pinnate shaped. The lobes are triangular in shape the terminal lobe being the largest.[4] The upper leaves are stalkless, smaller and less lobed. All leaves are red tinged.[5] The achenes are short beaked, spindle shaped and black. The pappus has simple white hairs,[2] the inner longer than the outer. The flower heads are yellow, small with only 4-5 yellow ray florets.[6][2] {{convert|1|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} wide more or less, on branches 90 degrees to the main stem, in loose panicle.[7] It flowers from June until September.[8] Lactuca muralis is similar to Lactuca serriola L. and Lactuca virosa L. but clearly distinguished having only 5 florets.[9]TaxonomyThe Latin specific epithet muralis is derived from the Latin word meaning 'growing on the wall'.[10] Distribution and ecologyLactuca muralis is a native of Europe but has invaded shady roadsides, paths and logged areas of the Pacific Northwest[11] and New England[12] It has become naturalized in parts of Northern Ireland as long ago as 1913.[13]It can be found in woodlands, especially Beech.[7] It is also found in calcareous soils, and walls. References1. ^{{Tropicos}} {{Commons|Mycelis muralis}}{{Wikispecies|Lactuca muralis}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1546483}}2. ^1 2 3 Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University Press. {{ISBN|978-185918-4783}} 3. ^Altervista Flora Italiana, Lactuca muralis (L.) Gaertn. includes photos and European distribution map 4. ^Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968 Excursion Flora of the British Isles Second Edition. {{ISBN|0-521-04656-4}} Cambridge 5. ^{{cite book |last=Blamey, Fitter, Fitter |first=Marjorie, Richard, Alistair|title=Wild Flowers of Britain and Ireland|year=2003 |publisher=A & C Black - London|isbn=0-7136-5944-0 |pages=302–303}} 6. ^{{cite book |last=Sterry |first=Paul|title=Complete British Wild Flowers|year=2006 |publisher=HarperColins Publishers Ltd|isbn=978-0-00-781484-8 |pages=212–213}} 7. ^1 Webb, D.A., Parnell, J. and Doogue. D. 1996. An Irish Flora. Dundalgan Press (W. Tempest) Ltd. {{ISBN|0 85221 131 7}} 8. ^{{cite book |last=Rose |first=Francis|authorlink=Francis Rose |title=The Wild Flower Key |year=1981 |publisher=Frederick Warne & Co|isbn=0-7232-2419-6 |pages=390–391}} 9. ^Martin, W.K.1965. The Concise British Flora in Colour Ebury Press 10. ^Archibald William Smith {{google books|ahNMkgoNJ7IC|A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins|page=160}} 11. ^Turner and Gustafson, Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest. 12. ^{{Go Botany |genus=Mycelis |species=muralis |common=wall-lettuce |access-date=2018-06-24}}. 13. ^Hackney, P. Ed. 1992. Stewart and Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland. Institute of Irish Studies and The Queen's University of Belfast. {{ISBN|0 85389 446 9}}(HB) 3 : Lactuca|Flora of Europe|Plants described in 1753 |
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