“Lae War Cemetery”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Lae War Cemetery, established in 1944, is located adjacent to the Botanical Gardens in the centre of the city of Lae, the capital of Morobe Province, in Papua New Guinea. The cemetery is managed by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

In World War II, Japanese and Commonwealth soldiers fought to hold the strategic areas of Papua New Guinea, and the Morobe Province was the site of several heated campaigns in late 1942–1943; by 1944, the Japanese had been driven off the island. The cemetery holds the remains of over 2,800 soldiers, many of whom died in the Salamaua–Lae campaign, but also those who died in Japanese detention on the Island. As the remains of missing soldiers are recovered, they are interred in the cemetery.

History

In the early months of 1942, Japan dominated the skies. Lae and Salamaua were bombed on 21 January 1942 by 100 planes, and 3,000 land troops arrived on 7 March. There were also landings at Salamaua, followed on 21 July by further landings at Buna and Gona on the east coast, as the Japanese prepared to push through the Owen Stanley Mountains across the Papuan Peninsula to Port Moresby. Lae became one of the bases from which the Japanese launched their southward drive, until it was stopped at Ioribaiwa Ridge, a point within {{convert|60|km|0}} from Port Moresby.^[1]

Cemetery

The cemetery was dedicated in 1944 by Lieutenant-General Sir Leslie Morshead, assisted by Chaplain C. M. Swan and Chaplain J. W. Drakeford.^[2] The Commonwealth Graves Commission assumed responsibility for it in 1947. The Lae Memorial commemorates 300 men of the Australian forces (including Merchant Navy, Royal Australian Air Force, and the Australian Army) who lost their lives and have no known grave. It contains a total of 2,800 burials, of which 444 are unidentified.^[3]

Design

Rising from the Cemetery forecourt, a wide flight of steps leads to a flat-topped colonnade. The central span of the colonnade frames a view of the Cross of Sacrifice, found in every Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery of more than 40 burials. The cross stands on an expansive lawn in which bronze plaques mark the grave sites.^[4]

War Memorial

The Lae Memorial to the Missing stands in the cemetery, to commemorate 328 officers and men of the Australian Army, the Australian Merchant Navy and the Royal Australian Air Force who died in Papua New Guinea and have no known grave. The naval casualties were killed, or died of injuries received, on HMS King George V, HMS Glenearn and Empire Arquebus, and the four men of the Merchant Navy were killed when the SS Gorgon was bombed and damaged in Milne Bay in April 1943.^[5]

Burials

The cemetery contains two classifications of burials, the identified and the unidentified. Most of the 2,818 burials are identified. Graves also include 426 Indian soldiers who were taken prisoner by the Japanese in the Malaya and Hong Kong and interred in Papua New Guinea.^[6] (See the 7th Rajput Regiment and the 14th Punjab Regiment). Most of the dead were killed in the Salamaua-Lae campaign in 1943, in particular, action at the Ramu Valley, Shaggy Ridge, and the Finisterre region. (See Australian 3rd Division.)^[7]

The cemetery also contains the grave of William Ellis Newton VC. Newton was awarded the Victoria Cross on 19 October 1943 for his actions on 16–18 March, becoming the only Australian airman to earn the decoration in the South West Pacific theatre of World War II, and the only one while flying with an RAAF squadron.^[8]^[9]

Commemorations

The annual dawn service is held every ANZAC (Australia New Zealand Army Corps) day to commemorate the dead. The day is celebrated on 25 April, the landing of the Australian and New Zealand forces at Galipoli during World War I.^[10] The typical service is patterned on the military dawn "stand-to," followed by an introduction, hymns, prayer, an address, the laying of wreaths, a recitation or two, followed by the playing of the Last Post. The service concludes with a minute of silence, Reveille, and the New Zealand and Australian national anthems.^[11]

Recent burials

On 13 January 1999, two men who had died on a 1944 jungle reconnaissance flight were buried at the Lae War Cemetery. A Wirraway aircraft flown by RAAF Flight Lieutenant Denis John Unkles crashed into the Papua New Guinea jungle on 15 April 1944, killing Unkles and his passenger, Army Lieutenant John Rawdon Fethersonhaugh. The flight had departed from the Gusap Strip on 15 April 1944, for an operational reconnaissance of the Wantoat area. When the aircraft's wreckage was located in the Finisterre Range, {{convert|80|km|0}} north-west of Lae, it was covered in {{convert|2|m|0}} of jungle growth. Unkles' granddaughter played the last post.^[12]

In April 1999, RAAF Flying Officer Maurice Ambrose Bellert of the No. 82 Squadron RAAF, originally from Bundaberg, Queensland, was buried in Lae War Cemetery with full military honours. His P-40 Kittyhawk crashed into the sea off Irian Jaya on 18 October 1944, after a raid on Japanese positions. His fate and location remained a mystery until 1999, when an Indonesian fisherman discovered the wreckage in {{convert|27|m|0}} of water several kilometres off Manokwari. His name was removed from the memorial for the missing, and he received a headstone of his own.^[13]

Nearby war cemeteries

The Bomana War Cemetery was established across the island, {{convert|19|km|0}} north of Port Moresby on the road to the town of Nine Mile, and is approached from the main road by a side road called Pilgrims Way. This cemetery contains 3,819 Commonwealth burials, 702 of them unidentified.^[14] It was started in 1942 by the Australian Army and is the only Papua New Guinea cemetery to contain white marble headstones and a Stone of Remembrance.

Names recorded in Memorial

Panel 1

Panel 2

Panel 3

Panel 4

Panel 5

Panel 6

Panel 7

Panel 8

See also

References

1. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/14138| title=Lae War Cemetery|publisher=Commonwealth War Graves Commission |accessdate=2009-09-22}}
2. ^Australian War Memorial, Lae Cemetery dedication. Accessed 18 September 2009.
3. ^Digger Unofficial History, Lae War Cemetery. Accessed 13 September 2009.
4. ^Digger, Lae War Cemetery.
5. ^CWGC, Lae Memorial, 2009.
6. ^Office of War Graves, Papua New Guinea. Australian Government, Department of Veterans Affairs, Accessed 13 September 2009.
7. ^CWGC, Lae Cemetery, 2009; Australian War Memorial, Ramu Valley Finisterres Operations, 3rd Division, 21 September 2009.
8. ^{{cite book|last=Staunton|first=Anthony|title=Victoria Cross: Australia's Finest and the Battles They Fought|year=2005|publisher=Hardie Grant Books|location=Prahran, Victoria|isbn=978-1-74066-288-8}}
9. ^Flight Lieutenant William Ellis Newton, VC at Australian War Memorial. Retrieved: 22 September 2009.
10. ^Australian War Memorial, Anzac Day Tradition, 21 September 2009.
11. ^Rowan McKinnon et al. Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, Lonely Planet Publications, 2008, {{ISBN|978-1-74104-580-2}}, pp. 129–30.
12. ^"WWII flyers laid to rest in PNG" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020331041952/http://highbeam.com/ |date=31 March 2002 }}. AAP General News (Australia). 13 January 1999. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
13. ^"WWII Flying Officer to have military funeral today" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020331041952/http://highbeam.com/ |date=31 March 2002 }}. AAP General News (Australia). 13 April 1999. Retrieved 18 September 2009
14. ^The forty-second in World War II.