| 词条 | Lake Kittamaqundi |
| 释义 |
| name = Lake Kittamaqundi | image = LakeKit2.jpg | caption = Lake Kittamaqundi | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = Town Center, Columbia, Maryland | coords = {{coord|39.21194|N|76.85528|W|region:US_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | type = manmade | inflow = Unnamed tributary of the Little Patuxent River | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = United States | length = | width = | area = {{convert|27|acre|abbr=on}} | depth = | max-depth = {{convert|7|ft|abbr=on}}[1] | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|299|ft}}[1] | islands = Nomanisan (1966-2011) | cities = | frozen = }}Lake Kittamaqundi is a man made {{convert|27|acre|m2|sing=on}} reservoir located in Columbia, Maryland in the vicinity of the Mall in Columbia. It is also adjacent to offices and visible from US-29.[1] The lake was created by The Rouse Company in 1966 during the development of Columbia. The company and its homeowners association claimed it was named after the first Indian settlement in Howard County and "Kittamaqundi" in the tribe's language translates to "meeting place."[2][3][4] Kittamaqundi actually was a 17th-century Piscataway village 40 miles south that was named after its ruler, 'Kittamaquund'.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] "Kittamaqundi" translates to "Great Beaver Place" or "Strong Bear".[16] The area surrounding the lake is a popular location for various summer festivals and 4th of July fireworks. HistoryKittamaqundi is one of four man-made lakes created with the construction of the Columbia development. The lake served a dual purpose as a recreational feature and a low cost primary catch basin for water runoff from Wilde Lake into the Little Patuxent River. In 1973 Hittman Associates was contracted by the EPA to recommend the reuse of storm water runoff from Columbia's reservoir system for residential drinking water to save on development costs.[17][18] One Kittamaqundi drowning in 1971 was ruled a suicide, with the recovery of the body inspiring the Stephen Amidon book "New City".[19][20] Another drowning occurred in 1972 from an overturned canoe.[21] In 1977, a wooden flagpole structure built 10 years earlier displaying the American, State, and County flags was converted to a bell tower triggered every 15 minutes from Rouse headquarters. The tower was dismantled 2010 due to wood rot. The Columbia Association budgeted $75,000 in 2014 to rebuild the tower for the 50th anniversary of Columbia.[22] In 1990 funding was sought for a pathway around the lake[23] though it wasn't completed until 2014.[24] Also in 1990, migrant geese were relocated and replaced with Trumpeter swans.[25] Groups of teens gathered at the lakefront at night causing crime and violence. Howard County policeman Herman Charity attributed the events to non-residents coming to take advantage of wealthier Columbia residents.[26] In 1996, police patrols were increased along the lake and adjoining neighborhoods.[27] In 1997, Canada goose droppings were costing the Columbia Association $20,000 a year in cleaning costs. A Border Collie and handler was hired for $17,000 a year to chase migrant geese from the lake.[28] Lake Kittamaqundi originally featured an island known as Nomanisan Island, named by Columbia resident Alan Levine in a 1980 contest held by the Columbia Association. The island's name came from the phrase "No Man Is an Island" by John Donne.[29][30] The gap between the island and the east bank of the lake was filled, creating a peninsula, during the dredging of the lake in 2010.[31] A $70,000 statue of Jim and Willard Rouse was commissioned by his son's company Rouse & Associates and displayed in front of the Symphony Woods Office Building. The statues were put into storage for two and a half years due to vandalism, then sold to the Columbia Association in 2000 for $10,000 and positioned along the lakefront in 2001.[32] EnvironmentThe Mall in Columbia and nearby offices, and buildings along Little Patuxent Parkway were developed with a minimum of stormwater management, and are directly in Kittamaqunidi's watershed. In 2008, a survey posted that 55,558 lbs. per year of total suspended solids (TSS) and 250 lbs. a year of phosphorus are collected in the lake. The recommendation was to have 6.3 million dollars in stormwater retention projects implemented to mitigate the development shortcomings for Lake Kittamaqundi alone.[33]In the fall of 2010, dredging began in Lake Kittamaqundi. As sediment built up over the years since the lake's creation the depth of the lake was reduced. This dredging effort focused on restoring the lake to the original depths, reinforcing the banks, and creating two new peninsulas to enhance water flow. The dredging was completed in November 2011.[34] In April 2014 a leaking diesel fuel holding tank at the Vantage House senior living facility filled the stormwater drains and deposited hundreds of gallons of diesel into Lake Kittamaqundi which had to be cleaned by Howard County Fire and Rescue.[35] See also
References1. ^{{GNIS|1708862}} {{Columbia, Maryland}}{{Maryland waters}}2. ^1 2 Lakes of Columbia. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605233439/http://www.columbiamaryland.com/towlake.htm |date=2008-06-05 }} A Planned Community - Columbia, Maryland. Retrieved 2010-12-28 3. ^How streets were named and other interesting facts. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601095233/http://columbiamaryland.com/othernam.htm |date=2008-06-01 }} Columbia Association. Retrieved 2010-12-28. 4. ^{{cite book|title=Howard County|author=The Howard County Historical Society|page=50}} 5. ^{{cite book|title=Maryland: A History of Its People|year=1986|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|page=10|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Maryland.html?id=zw87C-gF8GgC}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=Cross-cultural Collaboration: Native Peoples and Archaeology in the Northeastern United States|author=Jordan E. Kerber|page=115}} 7. ^{{cite book|title=The Patapsco: Baltimore's River of History|author=Paul Joseph Travers|publisher=Maryland Historical Society Tidewater Publishers|date=1990|page=20}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes: Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean|author=Sharon Malinowski|page=249}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=Native America: A State-by-state Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1|author=Daniel S. Murphree|page=487}} 10. ^{{cite book|title=Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Volume 16|year=1926|page=308}} 11. ^{{cite book|title=Appleton's cyclopædia of American biography, Volume 1|author=James Grant Wilson, John Fiske|page=605}} 12. ^{{cite book|title=Relatio itineris in Marylandiam, Issue|author=Andrew White|page=63}} 13. ^{{cite book|title=Jacob My Friend: His 17th Century Account of the Susquehannock Indians|author=Barry C. Kent|page=472}} 14. ^{{cite book| last = Baltz| first = Shirley Vlasak| title = A Chronicle of Belair| publisher =Bowie Heritage Committee| date = 1984| location =Bowie, Maryland| pages =4–7| lccn = 85165028}} 15. ^{{cite book|title=Indians in Pennsylvania|author=Paula W. Wallace|page=111}} 16. ^{{cite book|title=The Lenâpé and their legends; with the complete text and symbols|author=Daniel Garrison Brinton|page= 27}} 17. ^{{cite book|url=http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=9100TEOB.TXT|title=The Beneficial use of Stormwater|date=January 1973|author=Office of Research and Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency}} 18. ^{{cite book|title=Columbia|author=Barbara Kellner|page=95}} 19. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2000-02-29/features/0002290242_1_amidon-columbia-novel|title=Utterly novel appearance for Columbia; Fiction: An adolescence spent in Maryland's well-known planned community inspires Stephen Amidon's fifth book, `The New City.'|last=Pekkanen|first=Sarah|date=29 February 2000}} 20. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|date=2 October 1971|title=DEATH SPURS HEALTH PROBE}} 21. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|date=26 June 1972|page=C10|title=Youth drowns in Kittamaqundi}} 22. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|title=Columbia Association plans to bring back lakefront bells|author=Luke Lavoie|date=30 October 2014|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/howard/columbia/ph-ho-cf-bells-1030-20141030-story.html}} 23. ^{{cite news|last1=Coram|first1=James M.|title=Predictions Of Lean Times At Gloomy Budget Hearing Countians Present Shopping Lists Despite The News|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1990-12-16/news/0503080655_1_ecker-budget-hearing-money|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|date=16 December 1990}} 24. ^{{cite news|last1=Lavoie|first1=Luke|title=New path around downtown Columbia lake opens|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/howard/columbia/ph-ho-cf-lake-path-1127-20141124-story.html|accessdate=30 November 2014|work=Columbia Flier|date=24 November 2014}} 25. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=Turf Wars at Swan Lake.|author=Horgan, Daniel|date=7 January 1990}} 26. ^{{cite book|title=New City Upon a Hill A History of Columbia Maryland|author=Joseph Rocco Mitchell, David L Stebenne|page=119}} 27. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=Robberies Surge in Columbia: Police Step Up Undercover Patrols|date=1 August 1996|author=Kathryn Wexler}} 28. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=War and Geese: In Battle Against Mess, Dog is Columbia's Best Friend|author=Jennifer McMenamin|date=8 May 1997}} 29. ^{{cite news|last=Tepe|first=Heather|title=Lake Kittamaqundi is the in place in Columbia on a day in spring|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1999-05-26/news/9905270358_1_nick-farr-lake-10th-birthday|accessdate=17 October 2013|newspaper=The Baltimore Sun|date=26 May 1999}} 30. ^{{cite web|title=Columbia Lakefront Walking Tour|url=http://www.columbiaarchives.org/_files/pdfs/Lakefront%20Walking%20Tour.pdf|publisher=Columbia Association|accessdate=17 October 2013|author=Columbia Archives}} 31. ^{{cite news|last=Broadwater|first=Jennifer|title=The Dredge Report|url=http://archives.explorehoward.com/news/70578/dredge-report/|accessdate=27 June 2013|newspaper=Columbia Flier|date=8 April 2010|quote=Beginning in June, a forebay will be added at Lake Kittamaqundi's north end by building peninsulas to connect to the existing "Nomanisan Island" there.}} 32. ^{{cite news|last1=Vozzella|first1=Laura|title=Statues of James and Willard Rouse coming out of storage into the light|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2001-10-16/news/0110160004_1_columbia-association-rouse-statues|work=The Baltimore Sun|date=16 October 2001}} 33. ^{{cite web|title=BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR SYMPHONY STREAM AND LAKE KITTAMAQUNDI WATERSHEDS |url=http://209.251.35.6/CountyCouncil/CCdocs/Best%20Management%20Practices%20for%20Symphony%20Stream%20and%20Lake%20Kittamaqundi%20Watersheds.pdf |accessdate=4 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105132519/http://209.251.35.6/CountyCouncil/CCdocs/Best%20Management%20Practices%20for%20Symphony%20Stream%20and%20Lake%20Kittamaqundi%20Watersheds.pdf |archivedate= 5 November 2013 |df= }} 34. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.columbiaassociation.com/content/getinformed/Lake_Dredging/lake_dredging_informed.cfm?expand=0 |title=Lake Dredging - Columbia Association |publisher=Columbia Association |date=n.d. |accessdate=2011-08-20}} 35. ^{{cite web|last1=Janney|first1=Elizabeth|title=Town Center to Address Lake Kittamaqundi Diesel Spill|url=http://columbia.patch.com/groups/politics-and-elections/p/town-center-community-meeting-to-address-lake-kittamaqundi-diesel-spill|website=Patch.com|accessdate=1 June 2014|date=29 April 2014}} 36. ^{{cite book|title=New City Upon a Hill|author=Joseph Rocco Mitchell, David L. Stebenne|page=70}} 5 : Parks in Howard County, Maryland|Reservoirs in Maryland|Columbia, Maryland|Lakes of Howard County, Maryland|Tourist attractions in Howard County, Maryland |
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