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词条 Komi Republic
释义

  1. Administrative divisions

  2. History

  3. Geography

     Rivers  Lakes  Natural resources  Climate  Manpupuner and the 7 Strong Men rock formations 

  4. Demographics

     Population  Settlements  Vital statistics  Regional vital statistics for 2011  Ethnic groups  Religion 

  5. Politics

  6. Economy

     Transportation 

  7. Education

  8. Sports

  9. See also

  10. References

     Notes  Sources 

  11. Further reading

  12. External links

{{Other uses|Komi (disambiguation)}}{{short description|First-level administrative division of Russia}}{{Infobox Russian federal subject
|en_name=Komi Republic
|ru_name=Республика Коми
|loc_name1=Коми Республика
|loc_lang1=Komi
|image_map=Map of Russia - Komi (Crimea disputed).svg
|coordinates={{coord|64|17|N|54|28|E|type:adm1st_region:RU|display=inline,title}}
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of the Komi Republic.svg
|coa_caption=Coat of arms
|image_flag=Flag of Komi.svg
|flag_caption=Flag
|anthem=State Anthem of the Komi Republic

|anthem_ref=[1]
|holiday
|holiday_ref
|political_status=Republic
|political_status_link=Republics of Russia
|federal_district=Northwestern
|economic_region=Northern
|adm_ctr_type=Capital
|adm_ctr_name=Syktyvkar
|adm_ctr_ref=[2]
|official_lang_list=Komi
|official_lang_ref=[3]
|pop_2010census=901189
|pop_2010census_rank=58th
|urban_pop_2010census=76.9%
|rural_pop_2010census=23.1%
|pop_2010census_ref=[4]
|pop_density
|pop_density_as_of
|pop_density_ref
|pop_latest=880639
|pop_latest_date=January 2013
|pop_latest_ref=[4]
|area_km2=415900
|area_km2_rank=13th
|area_km2_ref
|established_date=December 5, 1936
|established_date_ref=[5]
|license_plates=11
|ISO=RU-KO
|gov_as_of=April 2015
|leader_title=Head
|leader_title_ref=[6]
|leader_name=Sergey Gaplikov
|leader_name_ref=[7]
|legislature=State Council
|legislature_ref=[6]
|website=http://www.rkomi.ru
|website_ref
|date=January 2014
}}

The Komi Republic ({{lang-rus|Респу́блика Ко́ми|r=Respúblika Kómi}}; {{lang-kv|Коми Республика|Komi Respublika}}) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). Its capital is the city of Syktyvkar. The population of the republic, as of the 2010 Census was 901,189.[8]

Administrative divisions

{{Main|Administrative divisions of the Komi Republic}}

History

The Komi people first feature in the records of the Novgorod Republic in the 12th century, when East Slavic traders from Novgorod traveled to the Perm region in search of furs and animal hides.

The Komi territories came under the influence of Muscovy in the late Middle Ages (late 15th to early 16th centuries).

The site of Syktyvkar, settled from the 16th century, was known as Sysolskoye (Сысольскoe). In 1780, under Catherine the Great, it was renamed to Ust-Sysolsk (Усть-Сысольск) and used as a penal colony.

Russians explored the Komi territory most extensively in the 19th and early-20th centuries, starting with the expedition led by Alexander von Keyserling in 1843. They found ample reservoirs of various minerals, as well as timber, to exploit. After the founding of the Soviet Union in 1922, the Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast was established on August 22, 1921,[9] and on December 5, 1936, it was reorganized into the Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with its administrative center located at the town of Syktyvkar.

Many of the "settlers" who arrived in the early-20th century were prisoners of the Gulag - sent by the hundreds of thousands to perform forced labor in the Arctic regions of the USSR. Towns sprang up around labor-camp sites, which gangs of prisoners initially carved out of the untouched tundra and taiga. The first mine, "Rudnik No. 1", became the city of Vorkuta, and other towns of the region have similar origins: "Prisoners planned and built all of the republic's major cities, not just Ukhta but also Syktyvkar, Pechora, Vorkuta, and Inta. Prisoners built Komi's railways and roads, as well as its original industrial infrastructure."[10]

Geography

The republic is situated to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-east of the East European Plain. Forests cover over 70% of the territory and swamps cover approximately 15%.

  • Area: {{convert|415900|km2|sp=us}}
  • Borders (all internal): Nenets (NW/N), Yamalo-Nenets (NE/E), Khanty–Mansi (E), Sverdlovsk (SE), Perm Krai (S), Kirov (S/SW), and Arkhangelsk (W).
  • Highest point: Mount Narodnaya (1,894 m)
  • Maximum N→S distance: {{convert|785|km|sp=us}}
  • Maximum E→W distance: {{convert|695|km|sp=us}}

Rivers

Major rivers include:

  • Izhma River
  • Mezen River
  • Pechora River
  • Sysola River
  • Usa River
  • Vashka River
  • Vychegda River
  • Vym River

Lakes

There are many lakes in the republic. Major lakes include:

  • Sindorskoye Lake
  • Yam-Ozero Lake

Natural resources

The republic's natural resources include coal, oil, natural gas, gold, diamonds, and timber.[11][12] Native reindeer are in abundance and have been intentionally bred for human usage by the indigenous population.{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}}

Around 32,800 km² of mostly boreal forest (as well as some alpine tundra and meadows) in the Republic's Northern Ural Mountains have been recognized in 1995 as a UNESCO World Heritage site, Virgin Komi Forests. It is the first natural UNESCO World Heritage site in Russia and the largest expanse of virgin forests in Europe. The site includes two pre-existing protected areas: Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve (created in 1930) and Yugyd Va National Park (created in 1994).

Climate

Winters in the republic are long and cold, and the summers, while short, are quite warm.

  • Average January temperature: {{convert|−17|°C|°F}} (southern parts) to {{convert|−20|°C|°F}} (northern parts)
  • Average July temperature: {{convert|11|°C|°F}} (northern parts) to {{convert|15|°C|°F}} (southern parts)
  • Lowest recorded temperature: {{convert|-58.1|°C|°F}} (village of Ust-Shchuger)
  • Average annual precipitation: {{convert|625|mm|in|abbr=on}}

Manpupuner and the 7 Strong Men rock formations

{{Main|Manpupuner rock formations}}

Deemed one of the Seven Wonders of Russia, the Komi Republic is home to Manpupuner (Man-Pupu-Nyer), a mysterious site in the northern Ural mountains, in the Troitsko-Pechorsky District, made out of seven rock towers bursting out of the flat plateau known as the "7 Strong Men." Manpupuner is a very popular attraction in Russia, but not on an international level. Information regarding its origin is scarce. It is known, however, that their height and abnormal shapes make the top of these rock giants inaccessible even to experienced rock-climbers.

Demographics

Population

Population: {{ru-census|p2010=901,189|p2002=1,018,674|p1989=1,261,024}}

17-12-1926 17-01-1939 17-01-1959 15-01-1970 17-01-1979 17-01-1989 09-10-2002 14-10-2010
Total population207,314318,996806,199964,8021,110,3611,250,8471,018,674901,189
Average annual population growth+1.7%+1.6%+1.3%-1.6%-1.5%
Males46%49%52%50%51%50%48%
Females54%51%48%50%49%50%52%
Females per 1000 males
Proportion urban4.4%9.1%59.4%61.9%70.8%75.5%75.3%
Territory (km2)434,150415,900415,900415,900415,900415,900415,900415,900
Population density/km20.50.81.92.32.73.02.42.2

Settlements

{{Largest cities
| name = Largest cities
| country = the Komi Republic
| stat_ref = 2010 Russian Census
| list_by_pop =
| class = nav
| div_name =
| div_link = Administrative divisions of the Komi Republic{{!}}Administrative Division
| city_1 = Syktyvkar
| div_1 = Syktyvkar{{!}}City of republic significance of Syktyvkar
| pop_1 = 235,006
| img_1 = Center SCW.jpg
| city_2 = Ukhta
| div_2 = Ukhta{{!}}Town of republic significance of Ukhta
| pop_2 = 99,591
| img_2 = ViewFromVetlosyan.jpg
| city_3 = Vorkuta
| div_3 = Vorkuta{{!}}Town of republic significance of Vorkuta
| pop_3 = 70,548
| img_3 = Ул. Гагарина - panoramio (4).jpg
| city_4 = Pechora
| div_4 = Pechora{{!}}Town of republic significance of Pechora
| pop_4 = 43,105
| img_4 = Лето... - panoramio (1).jpg
| city_5 = Usinsk
| div_5 = Usinsk{{!}}Town of republic significance of Usinsk
| pop_5 = 40,827
| city_6 = Inta
| div_6 = Inta{{!}}Town of republic significance of Inta
| pop_6 = 32,080
| city_7 = Sosnogorsk
| div_7 = Sosnogorsk{{!}}Town of republic significance of Sosnogorsk
| pop_7 = 27,757
| city_8 = Yemva
| div_8 = Knyazhpogostsky District
| pop_8 = 14,570
| city_9 = Vuktyl
| div_9 = Vuktyl{{!}}Town of republic significance of Vuktyl
| pop_9 = 12,356
| city_10 = Mikun
| div_10 = Ust-Vymsky District
| pop_10 = 10,730
}}

Vital statistics

Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120103081658/http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/Cbsd/DBInet.cgi#1#1 Russian Federal State Statistics Service]

Average population (x 1000)Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Total fertility rate
19204 7604 353407
193010 2566 5743 682
194014 97612 1342 842
19456 4326 185247
195053420 0876 00214 08537.611.226.4
196083625 5785 01020 56830.66.024.6
196593818 9565 24113 71520.25.614.6
197097016 4626 27610 18617.06.510.5
19751 04418 8997 28411 61518.17.011.1
19801 13720 6859 16911 51618.28.110.1
19811 15321 2449 10312 14118.47.910.5
19821 16923 4208 75814 66220.07.512.5
19831 18523 8069 25014 55620.17.812.3
19841 19924 2179 48614 73120.27.912.3
19851 21323 3039 33413 96919.27.711.5
19861 22824 1768 11216 06419.76.613.1
19871 24223 6168 54415 07219.06.912.1
19881 25620 9168 93011 98616.77.19.5
19891 25618 4818 8579 62414.77.17.7
19901 24416 9309 3217 60913.67.56.11.873
19911 23115 5899 6655 92412.77.94.8
19921 21413 88011 4262 45411.49.42.0
19931 19912 15814 642- 2 48410.112.2- 2.1
19941 17411 83516 074- 4 23910.113.7- 3.6
19951 14511 10515 057- 3 9529.713.2- 3.51.317
19961 12410 90013 674- 2 7749.712.2- 2.5
19971 10610 38812 244- 1 8569.411.1- 1.7
19981 08710 79311 545- 7529.910.6- 0.7
19991 0689 68012 253- 2 5739.111.5- 2.4
20001 0509 90613 594- 3 6889.412.9- 3.51.219
20011 03610 32513 968- 3 64310.013.5- 3.51.272
20021 02111 17715 265- 4 08810.915.0- 4.01.374
20031 00411 46215 810- 4 34811.415.8- 4.31.401
200498711 48915 210- 3 72111.615.4- 3.81.397
200597110 97515 074- 4 09911.315.5- 4.21.332
200695510 87213 519- 2 64711.414.1- 2.81.318
200794111 52312 304- 78112.213.1- 0.81.406
200892811 71912 270- 55112.613.2- 0.61.452
200991611 86812 182- 31413.013.3- 0.31.62
201090311 64811 819- 17112.913.1- 0.21.63
201111 71511 097+ 44313.012.4+ 0.61.71
201289012 41810 830+ 1 58814.012.2+ 1.81.88
201387612 43610 484+ 1 95214.212.0+ 2.21.96
201486812 29110 621+ 1 67014.212.2+ 2.02.01
201586111 79710 666+ 1 13113.612.3+ 1.32.00
201685411 23910 523+ 71613.112.3+ 0.81.98(e)
20178459 7669 958- 19211.511.8- 0.3

Regional vital statistics for 2011

Source:[13]

DistrictBirth RateDeath RateNatural Growth RateWhites as % of PopNative Komi and Nenets as % of Pop
Komi Republic 13.0 12.4{{increase}}0.06%96.05%3.95%
Syktyvkar 12.5 10.2{{increase}}0.23%97.61%2.39%
Vorkuta 11.8 9.7{{increase}}0.21%92.33%7.67%
Vuktyl 11.2 12.6{{decrease}}-0.14%95.27%4.73%
Inta 11.1 12.6{{decrease}}-0.15%95.40%4.60%
Pechora 13.0 13.6{{decrease}}-0.06%96.89%3.11%
Sosnogorsk 12.6 14.4{{decrease}}-0.18%97.02%2.98%
Usinsk 14.7 9.0{{increase}}0.57%86.04%13.96%
Ukhta 11.0 10.7{{increase}}0.03%96.20%3.80%
Izhemsky 19.1 18.8{{increase}}0.03%99.62%0.38%
Knyazhpogostsky 11.6 15.9{{decrease}}-0.43%95.50%4.50%
Koygorodsky 16.2 18.3{{decrease}}-0.21%97.89%2.11%
Kortkerossky 16.9 18.6{{decrease}}-0.17%98.86%1.14%
Priluzsky 15.6 18.4{{decrease}}-0.28%98.98%1.02%
Syktyvdinsky 17.3 13.3{{increase}}0.40%98.11%1.89%
Sysolsky 16.4 17.6{{decrease}}-0.12%98.37%1.63%
Troitsko-Pechorsky 14.0 17.9{{decrease}}-0.39%97.80%2.20%
Udorsky 15.6 13.1{{increase}}0.25%95.33%4.67%
Ust-Vymsky 12.0 15.8{{decrease}}-0.38%96.48%3.52%
Ust-Kulomsky 19.2 18.9{{increase}}0.03%98.96%1.04%
Ust-Tsilemsky 16.1 15.4{{increase}}0.07%99.62%0.38%

Ethnic groups

According to the 2010 Census,[8] ethnic Russians make up 65.1% of the republic's population, while the ethnic Komi make up only 23.7%. Other groups include Ukrainians (4.2%), Tatars (1.3%), Belarusians (1%), Ethnic Germans (0.6%), Chuvash (0.6%), Azeris (0.6%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

Ethnic
group		1926 census
(1926 territory)1		1926 census
(present territory)		1939 census1959 census1970 census1979 census1989 census2002 census2010 census2
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Komi 191,245 92.2% 195,400 86.9% 231,301 72.5% 245,074 30.4% 276,178 28.6% 280,798 25.3% 291,542 23.3% 256,464 25.2% 202,348 23.7%
Russians 13,731 6.6% 28,30012.6% 70,226 22.0% 389,995 48.4% 512,203 53.1% 629,523 56.7% 721,780 57.7% 607,021 59.6% 555,963 65.1%
Ukrainians 34 0.0%2000.1% 6,010 1.9% 80,132 9.9% 82,955 8.6% 94,154 8.5% 104,170 8.3% 62,115 6.1% 36,082 4.2%
Nenets 2,0801.0% 1,0000.4% 5080.2% 3740.0% 3690.0% 3660.0% 3760.0% 7080.1%
Tatars 330.0% 7090.2% 8,4591.0% 11,9061.2% 17,8361.6% 25,9802.1% 15,6801.5% 10,7791.3%
Belarusians 110.0% 3,3231.0% 22,3392.8% 24,7062.6% 24,7632.2% 26,7302.1% 15,2121.5% 8,8591.0%
Others 1800.1% 6,9192.2% 59,8267.4% 56,4855.9% 62,9215.7% 80,2696.4% 61,4746.0% 40,2724.7%
1 The territory of the Komi AO was different from the Komi Republic.2 Excluding 46,886 people who were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[14]

Religion

{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Komi Republic as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[15][16]
|float=right
|bars={{Bar percent|Russian Orthodoxy|DarkOrchid|30.2}}{{Bar percent|Other Orthodox|MediumOrchid|0.6}}{{Bar percent|Old Believers|Purple|0.6}}{{Bar percent|Other Christians|DeepSkyBlue|4.9}}{{Bar percent|Islam|Green|0.9}}{{Bar percent|Rodnovery and other native faiths|Red|0.9}}{{Bar percent|Spiritual but not religious|DarkSlateGray|41}}{{Bar percent|Atheism and irreligion|Black|14.5}}{{Bar percent|Other and undeclared|Gray|6.4}}
}}

According to a 2012 survey,[15] 30.2% of the population of Komi adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 4% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are Rodnovers or Komi native religious believers, 1% are Muslims, 1% are Orthodox Christians not belonging to churches or members of non-Russian Orthodox churches, 1% are Old Believers, and 0.4% are members of the Catholic Church. In addition, 41% of the population declared to be "spiritual but not religious", 14% is atheist, and 6.4% follows other religions or failed to answer the question.[15]

{{clear}}

Politics

The head of government in the Komi Republic is the Head of the Republic. As of 2015, the current Head is Sergey Gaplikov, who took office after his predecessor Vyacheslav Gayzer was charged with running a criminal gang involved in the theft of state property.

The State Council is the legislature.

Economy

The Komi Republic's major industries include oil processing, timber, woodworking, natural gas and electric power industries. Major industrial centers are Syktyvkar, Inta, Pechora, Sosnogorsk, Ukhta, and Vorkuta.

Natural gas transportation and distribution is conducted by Komigaz.

Transportation

Railroad transportation is very well developed. The most important railroad line is Kotlas–Vorkuta–Salekhard, which is used to ship most goods in and out of the republic. The rivers Vychegda and Pechora are navigable. There are airports in Syktyvkar, Ukhta, and Vorkuta.

In 1997, total railroad trackage was 1,708 km, automobile roads 4,677 km.

Education

There are over 450 secondary schools in the republic (with ~180,000 students). The most important higher education facilities include Komi Republican Academy of State Service and Administration, Syktyvkar State University and Ukhta State Technical University.

Sports

Stroitel plays again in the Russian Bandy Super League in the 2017-18 season, after several years in Russian Bandy Supreme League, the second highest division. In 2015 a bandy federation for the republic was founded.[17] In 2016 the authorities presented a five-year plan to develop bandy in the republic.[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportrk.ru%2Fnews%2F6535%2F] There is an application in place to host the 2021 Bandy World Championship.[18]

See also

  • Komi-Permyak Okrug
  • Komi mythology
  • Udoria
  • Extreme points of Europe
  • Valery Leontiev
  • List of rural localities in the Komi Republic

References

Notes

1. ^Law #XII-20/5
2. ^Constitution of the Komi Republic, Article 69
3. ^Constitution of the Komi Republic, Article 67
4. ^Komi Republic Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Оценка численности населения по городам, районам, городским населённым пунктам Республики Коми на 1 января 2012 г., 2013 г. и в среднем за 2012 год {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202004514/http://komi.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/komi/resources/227db4804f0ad36ba705b722524f7e0f/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB+2+%28%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B0%29.doc |date=February 2, 2017 }} {{ru icon}}
5. ^Komi ASSR. Administrative-Territorial Structure, p. 5
6. ^1 Constitution, Article 8
7. ^Official website of the Komi Republic. Sergey Gaplikov {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609014728/http://rkomi.ru/en/top/glava/ |date=June 9, 2010 }} {{ru icon}}
8. ^1 2 {{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}
9. ^{{cite book|title= Коми Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика|url=http://slovari.yandex.ru/~%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%20%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/|publisher= Great Soviet Encyclopedia|deadurl= no|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130524201554/http://slovari.yandex.ru/~%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%20%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0/|archivedate= May 24, 2013|df= mdy-all}}
10. ^Anne Applebaum, Gulag: A History (Random House, Inc., 2004: {{ISBN|1-4000-3409-4}}), pp. 78, 82.
11. ^Walker, T. R., Crittenden, P. D., Dauvalter, V. A., Jones, V., Kuhry, P., Loskutova, O., ... & Pystina, T. (2009). Multiple indicators of human impacts on the environment in the Pechora Basin, north-eastern European Russia. Ecological Indicators, 9(4), 765-779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2008.09.008
12. ^Walker, T. R., Habeck, J. O., Karjalainen, T. P., Virtanen, T., Solovieva, N., Jones, V., ... & Patova, E. (2006). Perceived and measured levels of environmental pollution: interdisciplinary research in the subarctic lowlands of northeast European Russia. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 35(5), 220-228. https://doi.org/10.1579/06-A-127R.1
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/munst/munst87/DBInet.cgi|title=База данных показателей муниципальных образований|author=|date=|website=www.gks.ru|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6JBvRMoXc?url=http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/munst/munst87/DBInet.cgi|archivedate=August 27, 2013|df=mdy-all}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-01-15 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118103330/http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936 |archivedate=January 18, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}
15. ^1 2 "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922230056/http://sreda.org/en/arena |date=September 22, 2015 }}. Sreda, 2012.
16. ^2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://www.rusbandy.ru/news/11420/|title=Google Translate|author=|date=|website=translate.google.co.uk}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://www.sport.ru/hockey/Respublika_Komi_podala_zayavku_na_provedenie_CHM-2021_po_hokkeyu_s_myachom/article340977/|title=Google Translate|author=|date=|website=translate.google.co.uk}}

Sources

  • {{RussiaBasicLawRef|ko}}
  • {{Cite Russian law

|ru_entity=Государственный Совет Республики Коми
|ru_type=Закон
|ru_number=XII-20/5
|ru_date=6 июня 1994 г.
|ru_title=О государственном гимне Республики Коми
|ru_effective_date=11 июня 1994 г. (за исключением отдельных положений)
|ru_published_in="Красное Знамя", №109
|ru_published_date=11 июня 1994 г
|ru_amendment_type=Закона
|ru_amendment_number=44-РЗ
|ru_amendment_date=4 июля 2006 г
|ru_amendment_title=О внесении изменений и дополнения в Закон Республики Коми "О Государственном гимне Республики Коми"
|en_entity=State Council of the Komi Republic
|en_type=Law
|en_number=XII-20/5
|en_date=June 6, 1994
|en_title=On the State Anthem of the Komi Republic
|en_effective_date=June 11, 1994 (with the exception of certain clauses)
|en_amendment_type=Law
|en_amendment_number=44-RZ
|en_amendment_date=July 4, 2006
|en_amendment_title=On Amending and Supplementing the Law of the Komi Republic "On the State Anthem of the Komi Republic"
}}
  • "Коми АССР. Административно-территориальное деление на 1 июля 1968 г." Коми книжное издательство. Сыктывкар, 1968. (Komi ASSR. Administrative-Territorial Structure as of July 1, 1968)

Further reading

  • Pearson, M., Ojanen, P., Havimo, M., Kuuluvainen, T. & Vasander, H. (eds.) 2007. On the European Edge — Journey through Komi Nature and Culture. University of Helsinki Department of Forest Ecology Publications 36. 216 p. {{ISBN|978-952-10-3898-3}}.
  • Strogoff, M., Brochet, P. & Auzias, D. 2005. Guidebook Komi Republic. Avant-Garde Publishers, Moscow. 176. p. {{ISBN|5-86394-255-X}}.

External links

{{Commons category|Komi}}{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
  • {{ru icon}} Official site of the Republic of Komi
  • {{ru icon}} All news of the Republic of Komi
  • {{ru icon}} Website of Syktyvkar City - The Capital of the Republic of Komi
  • {{ru icon}} Official website of the Vorkuta City
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20041010071157/http://www.syktsu.ru/english/ Official site of the Syktyvkar State University)]
  • {{ru icon}} Official site of the Syktyvkar State University)
  • {{ru icon}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040922201445/http://www.uii.sever.ru/ Official site of the Ukhta State Technical University]
  • {{ru icon}} Snowboarding in Komi Republic
  • {{ru icon}} History Komi
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20040804075115/http://odur.let.rug.nl/~bergmann/russia/regions/rus11ko.htm Map of the Komi Republic]
  • Historic-demographic note on the Nenets of the Komi Republic
  • Virgin Komi Forests at Natural Heritage Protection Fund
{{div col end}}{{Subdivisions of Russia}}{{History of Russia navbar}}{{Authority Control}}{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2014}}

4 : Komi Republic|States and territories established in 1936|Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization|Regions of Europe with multiple official languages
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