| 词条 | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | ||
| 释义 |
|en_name=Komsomolsk-on-Amur |ru_name=Комсомольск-на-Амуре |image_skyline=Komsomolsk na Amuru.jpg |image_caption=View of Komsomolsk-on-Amur |coordinates = {{coord|50|34|N|137|00|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=top |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Komsomolsk-na-Amure (Khabarovsk kray) (1999).png |coa_caption= |image_flag=Flag of Komsomolsk-on-Amur (Khabarovsk kray).png |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=Khabarovsk Krai |federal_subject_ref=[1] |adm_data_as_of=September 2011 |adm_city_jur=city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-na-Amure |adm_city_jur_ref=[1] |adm_ctr_of1=city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-na-Amure |adm_ctr_of1_ref=[1] |adm_ctr_of2=Komsomolsky District |adm_ctr_of2_ref=[2] |inhabloc_cat=City |inhabloc_cat_ref=[1] |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_data_as_of=June 2004 |urban_okrug_jur=Komsomolsk-na-Amure Urban Okrug |urban_okrug_jur_ref=[6] |mun_admctr_of1=Komsomolsk-na-Amure Urban Okrug |mun_admctr_of1_ref=[6] |mun_admctr_of2=Komsomolsky Municipal District |mun_admctr_of2_ref=[3] |leader_title=Head |leader_title_ref= |leader_name=Vladimir Mikhalyov |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2=325.10 |area_km2_ref=[4] |pop_2010census=263906 |pop_2010census_rank=70th |pop_2010census_ref=[5] |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=1932 |established_title= |established_date_ref= |current_cat_date=1933 |current_cat_date_ref= |prev_name1= |prev_name1_date= |prev_name1_ref= |postal_codes=6810xx |postal_codes_ref= |dialing_codes=4217 |dialing_codes_ref= |website=http://www.kmscity.ru |website_ref= |commonscat=Komsomolsk-on-Amur |date=May 2010 }} Komsomolsk-on-Amur ({{lang-rus|Комсомольск-на-Амуре|r=Komsomolsk-na-Amure|p=kəmsɐˈmolʲsk nɐɐˈmurʲə}}) is a city in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Amur River in the Russian Far East. It is located on the Baikal-Amur Mainline, {{convert|356|km|sp=us}} northeast of Khabarovsk. As of 2010, it had a population of {{ru-census|p2010=263,906|p2002=281,035|p1989=315,325}} GeographyThe city and its suburbs stretch for over {{convert|30|km|sp=us}} along the left bank of the Amur River. The river at this point is up to {{convert|2.5|km|sp=us}} wide. The distance to Khabarovsk—the administrative center of the krai—is {{convert|356|km|sp=us}}; to the Pacific Ocean—about {{convert|300|km|sp=us}}. The nearest other major town is Amursk, about {{convert|45|km|sp=us}} south. It is about {{convert|3900|mi}} east of Moscow, and lies at the eastern end of the BAM Railway. HistoryThe future site of Komsomolsk-on-Amur was conquered by Mongols in the 13th century, becoming part of Mongol Empire under the Mongol Yuan Dynasty and later Manchus held until 1858 treaty of Aigun ceded the area to the Russian Empire. The village of Permskoye ({{lang|ru|Пе́рмское}}) was established on the later site of Komsomolsk in 1860 by migrant peasants from what is now Perm Krai. The government of the Russian SFSR announced in 1931 plans to construct a shipyard on the Amur at the present site of Komsomolsk, with construction beginning in 1932.{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} The town was largely built using volunteer labor from the Communist youth organization Komsomol, thus receiving the name Komsomolsk. However, the construction of the town was aided with the use of penal labour from the prison camps situated in the area.[6] The suffix on Amur was added to differentiate from other towns with the same name. It was granted town status in 1933.{{citation needed|date=May 2010}} By the end of the 1930s, the shipyards along with facilities for other heavy industry had been completed. The city developed into a regional center for industries such as aircraft manufacturing, metallurgy, machinery, oil refining, and shipbuilding. At present, Komsomolsk-on-Amur is the main center for the manufacture of Sukhoi military aircraft and the Sukhoi Superjet airliner.[7] The MiG-15bis [8] and the Lisunov Li-2[9] were both manufactured in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Administrative and municipal statusWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Komsomolsk-on-Amur serves as the administrative center of Komsomolsky District,[2] even though it is not a part of it.[10] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-na-Amure—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[10] As a municipal division, the city of krai significance of Komsomolsk-na-Amure is incorporated as Komsomolsk-na-Amure Urban Okrug.[11] The city is administratively divided into 2 okrugs (previously raion), coinciding with the historical parts: Leninsky (Dzemgi) and Central. In the Soviet period, the administrative-territorial division of the city was different from the present. In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 19 October 1943 were formed Lenin, Stalin and Central areas. Stalinsky district included the territory of Railway Amurstali and residential community. Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR "On the Abolition of the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk Krai" on August 7, 1957 in the district division was abolished, but the decree of March 31, 1972 the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the newly divided the city into two districts - Central and Leninsky. LayoutKomsomolsk-on-Amur consists of two historical parts: the center, or "city", where the main enterprise - Shipyard, and the Dzemgi - an area that has formed during the construction of an aircraft factory (future KnAAPO). In fact, each of the parts is a separate town, itself a single center in the city. Areas of the city are very different architectural appearance: Center Stalinist buildings dominated the 40-50s (exception - the residential area near the railway station), Dzemgi is built up mainly typical panel apartment blocks. The "sleeping" area Dzemgi is not, as the majority of their residents work in enterprises located here. ClimateKomsomolsk-on-Amur has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). Temperatures in the area of the city typically change by over {{convert|56|C-change|F-change|1}} over the course of the year, with a daily average of {{convert|-24.7|C}} in January, compared to {{convert|+20.3|C}} in July. {{Weather box |location=Komsomolsk-on-Amur |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C=0.7 |Feb record high C=0.0 |Mar record high C=13.6 |Apr record high C=23.9 |May record high C=31.0 |Jun record high C=33.2 |Jul record high C=36.2 |Aug record high C=38.0 |Sep record high C=30.0 |Oct record high C=20.5 |Nov record high C=8.3 |Dec record high C=1.0 |year record high C=38.0 |Jan high C=-19.6 |Feb high C=-13.9 |Mar high C=-4.0 |Apr high C = 7.5 |May high C = 16.1 |Jun high C = 22.8 |Jul high C = 25.1 |Aug high C = 23.4 |Sep high C = 17.1 |Oct high C = 7.4 |Nov high C = -6.4 |Dec high C = -17.2 |year high C = 4.6 |Jan mean C = -24.7 |Feb mean C = -19.8 |Mar mean C = -9.5 |Apr mean C = 2.3 |May mean C = 10.4 |Jun mean C = 17.3 |Jul mean C = 20.3 |Aug mean C = 18.5 |Sep mean C = 11.9 |Oct mean C = 2.5 |Nov mean C = -10.5 |Dec mean C = -21.8 |year mean C = -0.6 |Jan low C = -30.8 |Feb low C = -27.2 |Mar low C = -17.1 |Apr low C = -3.4 |May low C = 3.7 |Jun low C = 10.8 |Jul low C = 15.2 |Aug low C = 13.5 |Sep low C = 6.4 |Oct low C = -2.9 |Nov low C = -16.1 |Dec low C = -27.4 |year low C = -6.6 |Jan record low C = -47.0 |Feb record low C = -42.0 |Mar record low C = -33.9 |Apr record low C = -20.8 |May record low C = -7.5 |Jun record low C = -2.2 |Jul record low C = 0.0 |Aug record low C = -8.9 |Sep record low C = -6.0 |Oct record low C = -22.0 |Nov record low C = -34.0 |Dec record low C = -42.0 |year record low C = -47.0 |precipitation colour=green |Jan precipitation mm = 30 |Feb precipitation mm = 19 |Mar precipitation mm = 30 |Apr precipitation mm = 43 |May precipitation mm = 63 |Jun precipitation mm = 65 |Jul precipitation mm = 95 |Aug precipitation mm = 110 |Sep precipitation mm = 74 |Oct precipitation mm = 62 |Nov precipitation mm = 49 |Dec precipitation mm = 32 |year precipitation mm = 669 |Jan precipitation days = 14 |Feb precipitation days = 12 |Mar precipitation days = 13 |Apr precipitation days = 15 |May precipitation days = 15 |Jun precipitation days = 13 |Jul precipitation days = 15 |Aug precipitation days = 14 |Sep precipitation days = 14 |Oct precipitation days = 13 |Nov precipitation days = 16 |Dec precipitation days = 15 |Jan rain days = 0 |Feb rain days = 0 |Mar rain days = 1 |Apr rain days = 7 |May rain days = 14 |Jun rain days = 13 |Jul rain days = 15 |Aug rain days = 14 |Sep rain days = 14 |Oct rain days = 8 |Nov rain days = 1 |Dec rain days = 0 |Jan snow days = 14 |Feb snow days = 12 |Mar snow days = 13 |Apr snow days = 11 |May snow days = 3 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 8 |Nov snow days = 15 |Dec snow days = 15 |source 1 = climatebase.ru[12] |source 2 = Weatherbase[13] }} Economy and infrastructureKomsomolsk-on-Amur is an important industrial center of Khabarovsk Krai and of the Russian Far East.[14] It has a diversified economy where machine building, metallurgy and timber enterprises dominate.[15] The city's most notable company is Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association, Russia's largest aircraft-manufacturing enterprise. It is among Khabarovsk Krai's most successful enterprises, and for years has been the largest taxpayer of the territory.[16] It has manufactured hundreds of civil aircraft and thousands of various-role military aircraft from the first recon aircraft to modern Su- series fighters and light amphibian aeroplanes.[17] The company is hugely important to the city's economy, contributing 45% of all payments into the local budget.[16] Also based in the city is Amur Shipbuilding Plant, an important producer of ships and submarines.[18] The eastern-most GLONASS telemetry and tracking station is located in Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Two air bases are located near the city, Khurba to the south and Dzemgi to the north. Komsomolsk-on-Amur railway station is an important rail junction of Baikal-Amur Mainline and Komsomolsk-Dezhnyovka railway line. The city is served by the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Airport Public transport includes 5 tram routes, bus and fixed-taxi (marshrutka). The first sortie of the Sukhoi Su-57 prototype occurred at the Gagarin Factory.[19] International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}Twin towns and sister citiesKomsomolsk-on-Amur is twinned with:[20]
Notable residents
See also
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{OKATOReference|08 409}} 2. ^1 {{OKATOReference|08 220}} 3. ^Law #264 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/scripts/db_inet2/passport/table.aspx?opt=8709000200620072008200920102011|title=Результат запроса|website=www.gks.ru|accessdate=November 1, 2017}} 5. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 6. ^Aleksander Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago: 1918-1956, 592-593 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.team.aero/controls/news/view.php?id=392&c=2|title=Team.Aero - Sukhoi Rolls Out Superjet 100 in Aeroflot Livery|website=Team.Aero|accessdate=November 1, 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/22074/what-was-the-yearly-number-of-mig-15s-produced|title=What was the yearly number of MiG-15's produced?|website=aviation.stackexchange.com|accessdate=November 1, 2017}} 9. ^http://www.oldwings.nl/st/li2.pdf 10. ^1 2 3 4 Resolution #143-pr 11. ^1 2 Law #192 12. ^{{cite web| url = http://climatebase.ru/station/31561/?lang=en | title = climatebase.ru (1948-2011) | accessdate = April 28, 2012| publisher = }} 13. ^{{cite web|url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=16513&refer=&cityname=Komsomol%27sk-na-Amure-Russia |title =Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russia|publisher=Weatherbase|year=2012}}Retrieved on November 24, 2011. 14. ^Komsomolsk-on-Amur city {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090812015458/http://www.adm.khv.ru/invest2.nsf/pages/en/geninfo/koms_city.htm |date=August 12, 2009 }} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/industry/docs/mark0047.htm|title=Komsomolsk-on-Amur Regional Overview|publisher=|accessdate=November 1, 2017}} 16. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/knaapo.htm|title=KNAAPO Komsomolsk na Amure Aviation Industrial Association named after Gagarin - Russian|first=John|last=Pike|website=www.globalsecurity.org|accessdate=November 1, 2017}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uacrussia.ru/en/companies/index.php?id4=47|title=Page not found|website=www.uacrussia.ru|accessdate=November 1, 2017}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.rian.ru/russia/20081117/118352822.html|title=Crew member 'tampered with temperature sensor on Nerpa sub'|first=|last=Sputnik|website=en.rian.ru|accessdate=November 1, 2017}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.defenseworld.net/go/defensenews.jsp?id=7934&h=Sukhoi%20T-50%20Prototype%20Flies%20For%20The%20First%20Time%20In%2040%20Minute%20Sortie|title=Sukhoi T-50 Prototype Flies For The First Time In 40 Minute Sortie|publisher=|accessdate=November 1, 2017}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rg.ru/2008/10/24/lider.html|title=Комсомольск-на-Амуре стал лидером по производству наукоемкой продукции|date=October 24, 2008|publisher=|accessdate=November 1, 2017}} Sources
External links{{Wikivoyage|Komsomolsk-on-Amur}}{{commons category|Komsomolsk-on-Amur}}
3 : Cities and towns in Khabarovsk Krai|Cities and towns built in the Soviet Union|1860 establishments in the Russian Empire |
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