| 词条 | Lampropeltis getula | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| image = Lampropeltis getula getula.jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | genus = Lampropeltis | species = getula | authority = (Linnaeus, 1766) | synonyms = *Coluber getulus {{small|Linnaeus, 1766}}
| synonyms_ref =[1] }}Lampropeltis getula, commonly known as the eastern kingsnake,[2] common kingsnake,[3] or chain kingsnake[4] (more), is a harmless colubrid species endemic to the United States and Mexico. It has long been a favorite among collectors.[4] Eight subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here.[5] DescriptionAdult specimens of the speckled kingsnake, L. g. holbrooki, are the smallest race at {{convert|91.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} in snout-to-vent length (SVL) on average, while the nominate race, L. g. getula, is the largest at {{convert|107|cm|in|abbr=on}} SVL on average.[6] Specimens up to {{convert|208.2|cm|in|abbr=on}} in total length (including tail) have been recorded.[7] Weight can vary from {{convert|285|g|oz|abbr=on}} in a small specimen of {{convert|87.2|cm|in|abbr=on}} in total length, to {{convert|2268|g|oz|abbr=on}} in large specimens, of over {{convert|153|cm|in|abbr=on}} in total length.[6][8] The color pattern consists of a glossy black, blue-black, or dark brown ground color, overlaid with a series of 23-52 white chain-like rings.[4][9] King snakes from the coastal plain have wider bands, while those found in mountainous areas have thinner bands or may be completely black.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} Common namesCommon names for L. getula include eastern kingsnake,[2] common kingsnake,[3] chain kingsnake,[4] kingsnake, Carolina kingsnake, chain snake, bastard horn snake, black kingsnake, black moccasin, common chain snake, cow sucker, eastern kingsnake, horse racer, master snake, North American kingsnake, oakleaf rattler, pied snake, pine snake, racer, rattlesnake pilot, thunder-and-lightning snake, thunderbolt, thunder snake, wamper, wampum snake.[9] Also In North Carolina it is called the pied piper. Geographic rangeL. getula is found in the United States in Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, portions of Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, south and southwest Illinois, southern Indiana, southern Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, southern and western Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, southern Ohio, southeastern Oklahoma, southern Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, southern Utah, Virginia, and West Virginia. It is also found in northern Mexico, including all of Baja California.[1] It has been introduced to Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands where, in 2014, it was estimated that the population had reached 20,000 individuals.[10]HabitatThe preferred habitats of L. getula are open areas, particularly grassland, but also chaparral, oak woodland, abandoned farms, desert, low mountains, sand, and any type of riparian zone, including swamps, canals and streams. DietL. getula eats other snakes, including venomous snakes. It has developed a hunting technique to avoid being bitten by clamping down on the jaws of the venomous prey, but even if bitten, it is immune to the venom. It also eats amphibians, turtle eggs, lizards, and small mammals, which it kills by constriction.[11]ReproductionL. getula is oviparous. Adult females lay up to several dozen eggs that hatch after 2-2.5 months of incubation. Hatchlings are brightly colored and feed on small snakes, lizards, and rodents.[4]CaptivityLong a favorite among collectors, L. getula does well in captivity, living to 25 years or more. Some of the most popular subspecies of kingsnake kept in captivity are the California, Brook's, Florida, and Mexican black kingsnakes.[4] Subspecies
See also
References1. ^1 {{NRDB species|genus=Lampropeltis|species=getula|date=29 June|year=2008}} 2. ^1 Conant R (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. (First published in 1958). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 429 pp + 48 plates. {{ISBN|0-395-19979-4}} (hardcover), {{ISBN|0-395-19977-8}} (paperback). (Lampropeltis getulus getulus, p. 202). 3. ^1 Behler JL, King FW (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp. LCCCN 79-2217. {{ISBN|0-394-50824-6}}. (Lampropeltis getulus, pp. 618-620). 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 Mehrtens JM (1987). Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. {{ISBN|0-8069-6460-X}}. 5. ^1 2 3 {{ITIS |id=209247 |taxon=Lampropeltis getula |accessdate=29 June 2008}} 6. ^1 7. ^ 8. ^ 9. ^1 Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. 2 volumes. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. (7th printing, 1985). 1,105 pp. {{ISBN|0-8014-0463-0}}. (Lampropeltis getulus getulus, pp. 372-376). 10. ^{{cite book | author = John Bowler | year = 2018 | title = Wildlife of Madeira and the Canary Islands | page =164 | publisher = Wild Guides | isbn = 9780691170763}} 11. ^Schmidt KP, Davis DD (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp. (Lampropeltis getulus, "Food", p. 176). Further reading
External links{{Commons and category}}
6 : Lampropeltis|Fauna of the Eastern United States|Reptiles of the United States|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|Reptiles described in 1766|Reptiles of the Canary Islands |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。