| 词条 | Konark | |||||
| 释义 |
| name = Konark | native_name = | native_name_lang = Odia | other_name = Konārka, Konârak | nickname = | settlement_type = Town | image_skyline = Konark Temple Panorama2.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Sun temple, Konark | pushpin_map = India Odisha#India | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Odisha, India | coordinates = {{coord|19|53|27|N|86|06|01|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Odisha | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Puri | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 2 | population_total = 15015 | population_as_of = 2001 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Odia | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | registration_plate = OD | website = http://konark.nic.in | footnotes = }} Konark is a medium town in the Puri district in the state of Odisha, India. It lies on the coast by the Bay of Bengal, 60 kilometers from the capital of the state, Bhubaneswar.[1] It is the site of the 7th-century Sun Temple, also known as the Black Pagoda, built in black granite during the reign of Narasimhadeva-I. The temple is a World Heritage Site.[2] The temple is now mostly in ruins, and a collection of its sculptures is housed in the Sun Temple Museum, which is run by the Archaeological Survey of India. Konark is also home to an annual dance festival called Konark Dance Festival, devoted to classical Indian dance forms, including the traditional classical dance of Odisha, Odissi.[3] In February 2019, the Konark Dance Festival (now called Konark Music and Dance Festival) will be hosting its 33rd edition. On 16 February 1980, Konark lay directly on the path of a total solar eclipse.[4][5][6] EtymologyThe name Konârka is derived from the Sanskrit word Kona (meaning angle) and word Arka (meaning sun) in reference to the temple which was dedicated to the Sun god Surya.[7] The Sun Temple{{Main article|Konark Sun Temple}}The Sun Temple was built in the 13th century and designed as a gigantic chariot of the Sun God, Surya, with twelve pairs of ornamented wheels pulled by seven horses. Some of the wheels are 3 meters wide. Only six of the seven horse still stand today.[8] The temple fell into disuse after an envoy of Jahangir desecrated the temple in the early 17th century.[9] According to folklore, there was a diamond in the centre of the idol which reflected the sun rays that passed. In 1627, the then Raja of Khurda took the Sun idol from Konark to the Jagannath temple in Puri. The Sun temple belongs to the Kalingan school of Indian temple architecture. The alignment of the Sun Temple is along the East-West direction. The inner sanctum or vimana used to be surmounted by a tower or shikara but it was razed in the 19th century. The audience hall or jagamohana still stands and comprises majority of the ruins. The roof of the dance hall or natmandir has fallen off. It stands at the eastern end of the ruins on a raised platform.[10] HistoryIn 1559, Mukunda Gajapati came to throne in Cuttack. He aligned himself as an ally of Akbar and an enemy of the Sultan of Bengal, Sulaiman Khan Karrani. After a few battles, Odisha finally fell. The fall was also aided by the internal turmoil of the state. In 1568, the Konark temple was damaged by the army of Kalapahad, a general of the Sultan.[11] Kalapahad is also said to be responsible for damages to several other temples during the conquest. DemographicsAs of 2011 India census,[12] Konark had a population of 16,779. Males constitute 8,654 (52%) of the population and females 8,125 (48%).As of 2001 Census Konark has an average literacy rate of 57%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 64%, and female literacy is 49%. In Konark, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. TourismAttractions in Konark
Reaching KonarkKonark can be reached via a number of routes:
Photo gallerySee also
Notes and references1. ^{{cite web|title=Konark, Official Website (Approach)|url=http://konark.nic.in/approach.HTM}} 2. ^1 {{Cite web|title=World Heritage List: Sun Temple, Konârak |author=UNESCO |year=1984|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/246 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403190240/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/246/ |archivedate=3 April 2015 |deadurl=no}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Konark Dance & Music festival|url=http://konarkfestival.com/}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Solar Eclipse|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YwZY9SbRT8wC&lpg=PA422&dq=konark%20solar%20eclipse&pg=PA422#v=onepage&q=konark%20solar%20eclipse&f=false|accessdate=25 October 2012|newspaper=New Scientist|date=13 Aug 1981}} 5. ^{{cite web|last=Kapoor|first=R. C.|title=Some Total Solar Eclipses Observed from India |url=http://www.iiap.res.in/solareclipse|publisher=Indian Institute of Astrophysics |quote=In that sense the Feb 16, 1980 eclipse was a great awakener post Independence that created an unprecedented excitement among persons from all walks of life. The path of totality fell over places in India such as Hubli, Raichur, Nalgonda and Konark etc.}} 6. ^{{Cite magazine|author=Parkinson, John |title=What's wrong with the Sun? |date=24 April 1980 |magazine=New Scientist |volume= 86 |issue=1204 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=59-_mdEJoRkC&pg=PA200-IA3 200–204] }} 7. ^Konârka is a combination of two words, kona (corner) and arka (Sun). {{harvnb|UNESCO|1984}} 8. ^It is a monumental representation of the chariot of Surya pulled by a team of seven horses (six of which still exist and are placed on either side of the stairway leading to the sanctuary). {{harvnb|UNESCO|1984}} 9. ^The temple fell into disuse in the early 17th century after it was desecrated by an envoy of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. {{harvnb|UNESCO|1984}} 10. ^Further to the east, the natmandir (dance hall), today unroofed, rises on a high platform. {{harvnb|UNESCO|1984}} 11. ^{{cite book|last=Patnaik|first=Durga Prasad|title=Palm Leaf Etchings of Odisha|year=1989|publisher=Abhinav Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=90_qAeMT1bwC&lpg=PA49&vq=Konark&pg=PA4#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=25 October 2012|page=4}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}} 13. ^{{cite web |title=Konark Sun Temple Museum |url=http://www.thekonark.in/konarkmuseum.html |website=www.thekonark.in |accessdate=12 February 2019}} 14. ^http://www.konark.org/how-to-reach-konark.html Further reading
External links{{commons category|Konarak|Konark}}
5 : Tourism in Odisha|Cities and towns in Puri district|Hindu holy cities|Hindu pilgrimage sites in India|Puri district |
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