| 词条 | Landsort |
| 释义 |
| name = Landsort Lighthouse | image_name = Landsort Lighthouse August 2013 09.jpg | caption = Landsort Lighthouse | location = Öja Södermanland Sweden | pushpin_map = Sweden Stockholm | pushpin = lighthouse | pushpin_map_caption = Stockholm region | coordinates = {{Coord|58.7396|17.8658|type:landmark_region:SE|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | yearbuilt = 1651 (first) | yearlit = 1689 (current) | automated = 1963 | yeardeactivated = | foundation = stone | construction = stone and cast iron tower | shape = two-stage tower: cylindrical lower part and conical roof with double balcony and lantern | marking = white tower, red roof | height = {{convert|25|m|ft}} | focalheight = {{convert|44.5|m|ft}} | lens = open fire | currentlens = 3rd order Fresnel lens | intensity = | range = {{convert|22|nmi}} | characteristic = Fl (5) W 60s. | admiralty = C6584 | NGA = 9012 | ARLHS = SWE-039 | country = Sweden | countrynumber = SV-3275 | countrylink = | managingagent = Swedish Maritime Administration (Sjöfartsverket)[1] }} Landsort is a Swedish village with a lighthouse on the island of Öja. The tower was built in 1689, with an upper conical iron section added in 1870. Open fires, serving as beacons, have been lit at the site since early times. Landsort is the southernmost point of the Stockholm archipelago. LighthouseThe first lighthouse in the modern sense was lit in 1651 and, until the current tower was raised, a couple of different buildings were used to support the light. The tower of 1689 was constructed to carry an open fire, which burned coal. In 1840, a colza oil lamp was installed. A flame consumed paraffin from 1887 but in 1938 the beacon was electrified. Today the Swedish Maritime Administration owns and runs the lighthouse. During World War II and the Cold War, Landsort was a military base for the Swedish Coastal Artillery. ClimateThe Swedish weather service SMHI operates a meteorological station at Landsort. The southern end of the island has a typical oceanic climate with several maritime features. One of those is the delayed summer (May and June are very cool compared to nearby mainland areas), called seasonal lag. There is a very low diurnal temperature variation, which often results in very mild nights year-round compared with nearby cities and towns. Winters are more prone to cold than summers are to heat, owing to the possibility of coastal ice eliminating maritime moderation in winter months when inland temperatures are colder. During months in which ice is not a risk, all-time lows are much milder than during adjacent months. These cold snaps are rare. The area has a distinct microclimate, with relatively low precipitation for the reference period of 1961-1990.[2] In spite of it being an extreme maritime climate by Swedish standards, it still is quite continental compared to similar latitudes in Scotland. In summer, Landsort is isolated from heat waves affecting the east coast, with temperatures rarely going above {{convert|25|C|F}}. Between 2002 and 2016 there were only 14 such occurrences, at a 0.9 days average.[3] The chilly temperatures are especially marked by May temperatures often staying 10 degrees lower or more than during coastal or inland warm periods. Summers are rather short, with June being relatively chilly and rapid cooling starting from September onwards. In spite of the cool summer days, Landsort has never reported September frost, a very unusual occurrence for Swedish weather stations. Overnight lows can be extremely mild. During a late summer 2002 heat wave, Landsort did not fall below {{convert|16.2|C|F}} the entire August.[4] On the other extreme, during a 2006 heat wave affecting the entire southern mainland, Landsort never rose above {{convert|24.3|C|F}} in spite of frequent hot days in its vicinity.[5] The drastic cooling in winter months has resulted in an all-time cold record of {{convert|-28|C|F}},[6] typical of inland locations, but the all-time record heat measured at just {{convert|29|C|F}}[7] is comparatively low, especially since nearby Stockholm recorded {{convert|35.4|C|F}} that very day in 1975. {{Weather box|location = Landsort (2002-2016; precipitation 1961–1990; extremes since 1901) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 9.4 |Feb record high C = 8.2 |Mar record high C = 12.5 |Apr record high C = 15.7 |May record high C = 22.6 |Jun record high C = 27.5 |Jul record high C = 28.0 |Aug record high C = 29.0 |Sep record high C = 23.0 |Oct record high C = 16.9 |Nov record high C = 12.7 |Dec record high C = 10.7 |year record high C = 29.0 |Jan avg record high C = 5.4 |Feb avg record high C = 4.8 |Mar avg record high C = 7.8 |Apr avg record high C = 11.4 |May avg record high C = 16.5 |Jun avg record high C = 21.6 |Jul avg record high C = 24.0 |Aug avg record high C = 23.3 |Sep avg record high C = 18.9 |Oct avg record high C = 13.9 |Nov avg record high C = 9.9 |Dec avg record high C = 7.1 |year avg record high C = 24.7 |Jan high C = 1.2 |Feb high C = 1.0 |Mar high C = 3.1 |Apr high C = 6.8 |May high C = 11.2 |Jun high C = 16.3 |Jul high C = 19.9 |Aug high C = 19.7 |Sep high C = 15.6 |Oct high C = 10.0 |Nov high C = 6.2 |Dec high C = 3.4 |year high C = 9.5 |Jan low C = -2.0 |Feb low C = -2.1 |Mar low C = -0.5 |Apr low C = 2.5 |May low C = 6.9 |Jun low C = 11.7 |Jul low C = 15.7 |Aug low C = 15.6 |Sep low C = 11.7 |Oct low C = 6.9 |Nov low C = 3.2 |Dec low C = 0.1 |year low C = 5.8 |Jan avg record low C = -9.4 |Feb avg record low C = -9.4 |Mar avg record low C = -5.4 |Apr avg record low C = -1.1 |May avg record low C = 3.1 |Jun avg record low C = 7.8 |Jul avg record low C = 12.2 |Aug avg record low C = 11.7 |Sep avg record low C = 6.8 |Oct avg record low C = 1.6 |Nov avg record low C = -2.8 |Dec avg record low C = -6.3 |year avg record low C = -11.4 |Jan record low C = -26.4 |Feb record low C = -28.0 |Mar record low C = -26.0 |Apr record low C = -18.5 |May record low C = -4.0 |Jun record low C = 2.5 |Jul record low C = 7.3 |Aug record low C = 6.8 |Sep record low C = 1.2 |Oct record low C = -4.0 |Nov record low C = -9.0 |Dec record low C = -17.8 |year record low C = -28.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 35.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 22.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 22.9 |Apr precipitation mm = 27.7 |May precipitation mm = 26.0 |Jun precipitation mm = 32.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 41.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 45.7 |Sep precipitation mm = 47.7 |Oct precipitation mm = 42.0 |Nov precipitation mm = 49.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 40.9 |year precipitation mm = 433.4 |source 1 = SMHI[8] |source 2 = SMHI Monthly Data 2002-2016[9] |date=April 2017}} See also{{Portal|Sweden|Lighthouses}}
References{{Commons category|Landsorts fyr}}1. ^[https://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/swe5.htm Landsort] The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved April 5, 2016 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://data.smhi.se/met/climate/time_series/month_year/normal_1961_1990/SMHI_month_year_normal_61_90_precipitation_mm.txt|title=Precipitation normals 1961-1990|publisher=SMHI|accessdate=22 February 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/2.1240|title=Monthly & Yearly Climate Data|language=sv|publisher=SMHI|accessdate=23 September 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://data.smhi.se/met/climate/time_series/month/vov_pdf/SMHI_vov_temperature_clouds_aug02.pdf?23416|title=Monthly Statistics for August 2002|language=sv|publisher=SMHI|accessdate=23 September 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://data.smhi.se/met/climate/time_series/year/vov_pdf/SMHI_vov_temperature_06.pdf?84699|title=Yearly Temperatures for 2006|language=sv|publisher=SMHI|accessdate=23 September 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://data.smhi.se/met/climate/time_series/month/vov_pdf/SMHI_vov_temperature_wind_jan15.pdf?77143|title=January 2015 Weather Observations (Records section)|publisher=SMHI|accessdate=22 February 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://data.smhi.se/met/climate/time_series/month/vov_pdf/SMHI_vov_temperature_wind_aug14.pdf?77143|title=August 2014 Weather Observations (Records section)|publisher=SMHI|accessdate=22 February 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web| url =http://data.smhi.se/met/climate/time_series/month_year/normal_1961_1990/SMHI_month_year_normal_61_90_precipitation_mm.txt| title=Precipitation Normals 1961-1990 (Swedish)| publisher =Swedish Metereological and Hydrological Institute (Landsort code 8745) | language = sv }} 9. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.smhi.se/klimatdata/meteorologi/temperatur/2.1240| title=Monthly and Yearly Statistics (Swedish) |language = sv| publisher = SMHI| date= 12 April 2017}} External links
5 : Islands of Nynäshamn Municipality|Islands of the Stockholm archipelago|Lighthouses in Sweden|Villages in Sweden|1651 establishments in Sweden |
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