| 词条 | Konstantinos Mitsotakis |
| 释义 |
|name = Konstantinos Mitsotakis {{small|Κωνσταντίνος Μητσοτάκης}} |image = Constantine Mitsotakis.jpg |caption = Konstantinos Mitsotakis in 2008 |office = Prime Minister of Greece |president = Christos Sartzetakis Konstantinos Karamanlis |term_start = 11 April 1990 |term_end = 13 October 1993 |predecessor = Xenophon Zolotas |successor = Andreas Papandreou |office1 = Minister of Foreign Affairs |term_start1 = 14 April 1992 |term_end1 = 7 August 1992 |predecessor1 = Antonis Samaras |successor1 = Michalis Papakonstantinou |primeminister2 = Georgios Rallis |term_start2 = 10 May 1980 |term_end2 = 21 October 1981 |predecessor2 = George Rallis |successor2 = Ioannis Charalambopoulos |office3 = Minister of the Aegean |term_start3 = 8 August 1991 |term_end3 = 13 October 1993 |predecessor3 = {{Interlanguage link multi|George Misailidis|el|3=Γεώργιος Μισαηλίδης}} |successor3 = Kostas Skandalidis |office4 = Minister of Coordination |primeminister4 = Konstantinos Karamanlis |term_start4 = 10 May 1978 |term_end4 = 10 May 1980 |predecessor4 = George Rallis |successor4 = {{Interlanguage link multi|Ioannis Boutos|el|3=Ιωάννης Μπούτος}} |primeminister5 = Stefanos Stefanopoulos |term_start5 = 17 September 1965 |term_end5 = 22 December 1966 |predecessor5 = {{Interlanguage link multi|Dimitrios Papaspirou|el|3=Δημήτριος Παπασπύρου}} |successor5 = Ioannis Paraskevopoulos |birth_date = {{birth date|1918|10|18|df=y}} |birth_place = Halepa, Greece |death_date = {{death date and age|2017|05|29|1918|10|18|df=y}} |death_place = Athens, Greece |party = Liberal {{small|(1946–1961)}} Centre Union {{small|(1961–1974)}} Independent {{small|(1974–1977)}} New Liberal {{small|(1977–1978)}} New Democracy {{small|(1978–2017)}} |spouse = Marika Mitsotakis {{small|(m. 1953–2012; her death)}} |children = Dora Kyriakos Alexandra Katerina |alma_mater = University of Athens |religion = Greek Orthodoxy |death_time=}} Konstantinos Mitsotakis ({{lang-el|Κωνσταντίνος Μητσοτάκης}}, {{transl|el|Konstantinos Mitsotakis}} {{IPA-el|konstaˈdinos mit͡soˈtacis|}}; {{OldStyleDate|31 October|1918|18 October}} − 29 May 2017) was a Greek politician who was Prime Minister of Greece from 1990 to 1993. He graduated in law and economics from the University of Athens. Family and personal lifeMitsotakis was born on 31 October 1918[1][2] in Halepa suburb, Chania, Crete, into an already powerful political family, linked to the distinguished statesman Eleftherios Venizelos on both sides. His grandfather {{Interlanguage link multi|Kostis Mitsotakis|el|3=Κωστής Μητσοτάκης}} (1845–1898), a lawyer, journalist and short-time MP of then Ottoman-ruled Crete, founded the Liberal Party, then "Party of the Barefeet" ({{lang|el|Κόμμα των Ξυπολήτων}}) with Venizelos, and married the latter's sister, Katigo Venizelou, Constantine's grandmother. The 1878 Pact of Halepa, granting an Ottoman Crete a certain level of autonomy, was signed in his very home. His father {{Interlanguage link multi|Kyriakos Mitsotakis (senior) |el|3=Κυριάκος Μητσοτάκης}} (1883–1944), also MP for Chania in the Greek Parliament (1915–20) and leader of the Cretan volunteers fighting with the Greek army in the First Balkan War, married Stavroula Ploumidaki, daughter of {{Interlanguage link multi|Charalambos Ploumidakis|el|3=Χαράλαμπος Πλουμιδάκης}}, the first Christian mayor of Chania and an MP at the time of the Cretan State, himself a first cousin of Eleftherios Venizelos.[3] Mitsotakis was married to Marika Mitsotakis (née Giannoukou) from 1953 until her death on 6 May 2012.[4][5] They had four children.[5] His son, Kyriakos Mitsotakis, is the since January 2016 the leader of the conservative New Democracy party (a position previously held by Konstantinos Mitsotakis), and was a government minister in 2013–15. His first daughter, Dora Bakoyannis, ND Member of Parliament, founder and president of Democratic Alliance party, was the mayor of Athens (2003–2006) and the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2009. His second daughter Alexandra Mitsotakis Gourdain is a Greek civil society activist. His third daughter is Katerina Mitsotakis. Mitsotakis's interests outside politics included Cretan antiquities and a passion for preserving the environment. He developed a large collection of Minoan and other Cretan antiquities, which he and his wife donated to the Greek state. He was also very interested in promoting reforesting of Greece, including in particular the mountains of Crete. Political careerMitsotakis was elected to the Greek Parliament for the first time in 1946, standing for the Liberal Party in his native prefecture of Chania, Crete. He followed most of the old Liberal Party into Georgios Papandreou's Center Union in 1961. But in 1965 he led a group of dissidents, known as the "July apostates", who crossed the floor to bring about the fall of {{Interlanguage link multi|Third Cabinet of Georgios Papandreou{{!}}Papandreou's government|el|3=Κυβέρνηση Γεωργίου Παπανδρέου 1964}}, which earned him the long-time hatred of Papandreou loyalists as well as a significant part of Greek society. He was arrested in 1967 by the military junta but managed to escape to Turkey with a help of Turkish foreign minister İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil and lived in exile with his family in Paris, France, until his return to Greece in 1974, following the restoration of democracy. In 1974 he campaigned as an independent and failed to be elected to Parliament. He was re-elected in 1977 as founder and leader of the small Party of New Liberals and in 1978 he merged his party with Constantine Karamanlis's New Democracy (ND) party. He served as minister for economic coordination from 1978 to 1980, and as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1980 to 1981. The ND government was defeated by Andreas Papandreou's PASOK in 1981, and in 1984 Mitsotakis succeeded Evangelos Averoff as ND leader. He and Andreas Papandreou, the son of Georgios Papandreou, dominated Greek politics for the next decade: their mutual dislike dated back to the fall of Georgios Papandreou's government in 1965. Mitsotakis soundly defeated Papandreou, embroiled in the Bank of Crete scandal, in the June 1989 election. PASOK lost 36 seats in one of the largest defeats of a sitting government in modern Greek history. However, in a controversial move, Papandreou's government had modified the election system just 2 months earlier, to require a party to win 50 percent of the vote in order to govern alone. Thus, Mitsotakis was unable to form a government even though ND was the clear first-place party, with 20 more seats than PASOK. He was unable to garner support from the six MPs he needed to form a government, so Court of Cassation president Yannis Grivas became acting prime minister and presided over new elections in November 1989. This election yielded the same result as in June. ND finished 20 seats ahead of PASOK, but was still just short of forming a government. After another period of deadlock, fresh elections in April 1990 produced another landslide ND victory, but still left Mitsotakis unable to govern alone. After the lone MP from Democratic Renewal agreed to go into coalition, Mitsotakis finally became Prime Minister. Thus, despite winning one of the most decisive victories in modern Greek history (27 seats ahead of PASOK), Mitsotakis' government was very weak on paper, with a majority of only one vote. Mitsotakis's government moved swiftly to cut government spending as much as possible, privatise state enterprises and reform the civil service. In foreign policy, Mitsotakis took the initiative to have Greece formally recognize the state of Israel, and moved to reopen talks on American bases in Greece and to restore confidence among Greece's economic and political partners. In June 1990, Mitsotakis became the first Greek Premier to visit the United States since 1974. He promised to meet Greece's NATO obligations, to prevent use of Greece as a base for terrorism, and to stop the rhetorical attacks on the United States that had been Papandreou's hallmark. Mitsotakis also supported a new dialogue with Turkey, but made progress on the Cyprus dispute a prerequisite for improvement on other issues. Papandreou, cleared of charges arising from the Bank of Crete scandal in a 7–6 vote at the Eidiko Dikastirio (Special Court), criticised Mitsotakis's government for its economic policies, for not taking a sufficiently strict position over the naming dispute with the newly independent Republic of Macedonia (Mitsotakis favored a composite name such as "Nova Macedonia", for which he was accused at the time of being too lenient) as well as over Cyprus, and for being too pro-American. The heightened public irritation over the Macedonia naming issue caused several ND parliament members, led by Antonis Samaras, to withdraw their support from Mitsotakis's government and form a new political party, Political Spring ({{lang|el|Πολιτική Άνοιξη}} , {{transl|el|Politiki Anixi}}). Mitsotakis's government had already restored the election system back to its original form, which allowed Papandreou's PASOK to obtain clear parliamentary majority after winning the premature 1993 elections and return to office. Mitsotakis then resigned as ND leader, although he remained the party's honorary chairman. In January 2004 Mitsotakis announced that he would retire from Parliament at the 7 March election, 58 years after his first election. LongevityAt the age of {{Age in years and days|1918|10|18|2017|05|29|df=y}}, Mitsotakis was the oldest living former Prime Minister of Greece. Mitsotakis was the second oldest Prime Minister of Greece by age after Xenophon Zolotas who lived to {{Age in years and days|1904|04|26|2004|06|10|mf=y}}. DeathMitsotakis died on 29 May 2017 in Athens, aged 98. of natural causes[6][7][8] His state funeral was held on 31 May 2017.[9][10] Venizelos/Mitsotakis family tree{{Venizelos/Mitsotakis family tree}}Honours
References1. ^{{cite book|author=Eleni Panagiotarea|title=Greece in the Euro: Economic Delinquency or System Failure?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYVMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA176|date=30 July 2013|publisher=ECPR Press|isbn=978-1-907301-53-7|page=176}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ikm.gr/bio19-1946|title=Ίδρυμα Κωνσταντίνος Κ. Μητσοτάκης - Ρίζες - Νεανικά Χρόνια - Αντίσταση|website=www.ikm.gr}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ikm.gr/web/english_guest/roots|title=Biography - Roots|author=Constantine Mitsotakis institute|accessdate=2015-12-23}} 4. ^{{cite news |first=Anastasios |last=Papapostolou|title=Former First Lady of Greece Marika Mitsotakis Dies at 82 |url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2012/05/06/former-first-lady-of-greece-marika-mitsotakis-dies-at-82/ |work=Greek Reporter |publisher= |date=2012-05-06 |accessdate=2012-05-26}} 5. ^1 {{cite news |first=Anastasios |last=Papapostolou |title=Marika Mitsotakis, wife of former Greek PM, dies Dies at 82 |url=http://articles.boston.com/2012-05-06/news/31599539_1_new-democracy-party-party-politics-constantine-mitsotakis |work=Associated Press |publisher=Boston.com |date=2012-05-06 |accessdate=2012-05-26 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN18P02U?il=0|title=Former Greek Prime Minister Constantine Mitsotakis dies aged 98|date=29 May 2017|publisher=}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-05-29/constantine-mitsotakis-who-forged-greece-eu-ties-dies-at-98|title=Constantine Mitsotakis, Who Forged Greek-EU Ties, Dies at 98|date=29 May 2017|publisher=|via=www.bloomberg.com}} 8. ^https://mobile.nytimes.com/2017/05/29/world/europe/constantine-mitsotakis-dead-greece-prime-minister-in-90s.html 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2017/05/31/thousands-attend-konstantinos-mitsotakis-funeral-service-in-athens/|title=Thousands Attend Konstantinos Mitsotakis' Funeral Service in Athens - GreekReporter.com|first=A.|last=Makris|publisher=}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thenationalherald.com/164272/funeral-service-constantine-mitsotakis-held-may-31/|title=Funeral Service for Constantine Mitsotakis at the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens: (Video & Photo Gallery) - The National Herald|website=www.thenationalherald.com}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=882091&search_type=simple&showInd=true|title=It's an Honour - Honours - Search Australian Honours|website=www.itsanhonour.gov.au}} Further reading
External links{{Wikiquote}}
|-{{s-bef|before=Xenophon Zolotas}}{{s-ttl|title=Prime Minister of Greece|years=1990–1993}}{{s-aft|after=Andreas Papandreou}} |-{{s-bef|before=Antonis Samaras}}{{s-ttl|title=Minister for Foreign Affairs|years=1992}}{{s-aft|after=Michalis Papakonstantinou}} |-{{s-ppo}}{{s-bef|before=Evangelos Averoff}}{{s-ttl|title=President of New Democracy|years=1984–1993}}{{s-aft|after=Miltiadis Evert}}{{s-end}}{{Heads of government of Greece}}{{Leaders of the Opposition of Greece}}{{Foreign Ministers of Greece}}{{Leaders of New Democracy}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitsotakis, Konstantinos}} 37 : 1918 births|2017 deaths|Apostasia of 1965|Centre Union politicians|Foreign ministers of Greece|Greek anti-communists|Greek MPs 1946–50|Greek MPs 1950–51|Greek MPs 1951–52|Greek MPs 1952–56|Greek MPs 1956–58|Greek MPs 1958–61|Greek MPs 1961–63|Greek MPs 1963–64|Greek MPs 1964–67|Greek MPs 1977–81|Greek MPs 1981–85|Greek MPs 1985–89|Greek MPs 1989 (June–November)|Greek MPs 1989–90|Greek MPs 1990–93|Greek MPs 1993–96|Greek MPs 1996–2000|Greek MPs 2000–04|Greek Resistance members|Honorary Companions of the Order of Australia|Leaders of New Democracy (Greece)|Liberal Party (Greece) politicians|Ministers for Mercantile Marine of Greece|Mitsotakis family|National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni|National Political Union (1946) politicians|Party of New Liberals politicians|People from Chania|Politicians from Crete|Prime Ministers of Greece|Greek military personnel of World War II |
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