| 词条 | Kopi tiam |
| 释义 |
A kopitiam or kopi tiam is a traditional coffee shop mostly found in Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, and Indonesia patronised for meals and beverages. The word kopi is a Malay term for coffee and tiam is the Hokkien/Hakka term for shop ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|店}}}}). Menus typically feature simple offerings: a variety of foods based on egg, toast, and kaya, plus coffee, tea, and Milo. Not to be confused with the chain of commercial food courts called "Kopitiam". SingaporeKopi tiams in Singapore are commonly found in almost all residential areas as well as some industrial and business districts in the country, numbering about 2,000 in total.[1] Although most are an aggregate of small stalls or shops, some may be more reminiscent of food courts, although each stall has similar appearance and the same style of sigange. In a typical kopi tiam, the drinks stall is usually run by the owner who sells coffee, tea, soft drinks, and other beverages as well as breakfast items like kaya toast, soft-boiled eggs and snacks. The other stalls are leased by the owner to independent stallholders who prepare a variety of food dishes, often featuring the cuisine of Singapore. Traditional dishes from different ethnicities are usually available at kopitiams so that people from different ethnic backgrounds and having different dietary habits could dine in a common place and even at a common table.[2] Kopitiam is also the name of a food court chain in Singapore.[3]Some of the popular kopi tiams in Singapore include Kim San Leng, Killiney & Tong Ah Eating House or Ya Kun Kaya Toast Some of the more common foods that can be seen in kopi tiams, besides the ever-popular eggs and toast, consist of char kway tiao (fried flat rice noodles (hor fun), sometimes cooked with eggs and cockles), Hokkien mee (yellow wheat noodles served with various seafood as well as egg) and, possibly the most common, nasi lemak, or coconut rice (a Malay dish of coconut-flavoured rice, served with sambal chilli paste, egg, and fried anchovies). At kopi tiams ({{zh|c=咖啡店|p=kā fēi diàn|l=coffee shop}}), coffee and tea are usually ordered using a specific vernacular featuring terms from different languages. Kopi (coffee) was created when Singapore started its development and had to cater to the needs of the European population - specifically their love for coffee.[4] "Kopi" (coffee) and "teh" (tea) can be tailored to suit the drinker's taste by using the following suffixes when ordering:
These are typically chained together to customize a drink order: a "kopi si kosong" will result in a coffee with evaporated milk and no sugar. MalaysiaIn Malaysia, as in Singapore, kopitiams are found almost everywhere. However, there are a few differences. In Malaysia:
Recently a new breed of "modern" kopitiams have sprung up. The popularity of the old-fashioned outlets along with society's obsession with nostalgia and increasing affluence has led to the revival of these pseudo-kopitiams. The new kopitiams are fast-food outlets which are reminiscent of the old kopitiams in terms of decor, but are usually built in a more modern, hygienic setting such as a shopping mall rather than in the traditional shophouse, catering mainly for young adults. To offer the true kopitiam experience, modern kopitiams mostly offer authentic local coffee brews, charcoal grilled toast served with butter and kaya (a local version of jam made from coconut milk and eggs) and soft-boiled eggs. Some have extended menus where local breakfast, lunch and dinner meals are served. To tap into the sizeable Muslim market, these kopitiams usually serve food that is halal (permissible for consumption by Muslims) unlike the traditional shophouse kopitiams. Today there are no less than 100 brand names of modern kopitiams operating in various parts of Malaysia. Kopitiams in Ipoh oldtown district serve Ipoh white coffee. The coffee beans are roasted with palm-oil margarine and with less sugar, resulting in a brew that is lighter in colour than normal coffee beans that uses sugar – hence the name 'white coffee'. IndonesiaKopitiams in Indonesia are very similar to those in Malaysia or Singapore. Originally run by local Chinese people, they can be found in many residential areas. Old-fashioned kopitiams are usually located at shop houses, and often have a quite run-down appearance. The term kedai kopi or warkop (which stands for warung kopi) is more often used. More recently, modern kopitiams have emerged, and can be found in many shopping malls, particularly in big cities such as Jakarta, Medan, Batam and Surabaya. These attract customers from various backgrounds.[5] "Coffee shop talk""Coffee shop talk" is a phrase used to describe gossip because it is often a familiar sight at kopi tiams where a group of workers or senior citizens would linger over cups of coffee and exchange news and comments on various topics including national politics, office politics, TV dramas, sports and food.[6] Example of typical kopitiam beverage terms{{unreferenced|section|date=November 2016}}
Explanation of kopitiam terms
These terms may be used in different configurations to suit one's liking.
See also{{portalbar|Malaysia|Singapore|Coffee}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/Prime%2BNews/Story/STIStory_222798.html|title=The Straits Times Interactive|author=|date=|website=straitstimes.com}} 2. ^{{Cite journal|last=Eng|first=Lai Ah|last2=Leo|first2=Collins, Francis|last3=Brenda|first3=Yeoh, Saw Ai|date=2012|title=The Kopitiam in Singapore: An Evolving Story about Migration and Cultural Diversity|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/877221|journal=Migration and Diversity in Asian Contexts|language=English|volume=|issue=|doi=|pmid=|access-date=|subscription=yes|via=Project MUSE}} 3. ^http://www.kopitiam.biz/our-company/ Our Company - Kopitiam 4. ^https://www.culturally.co/blog/introduction-to-singapore-s-coffee-culture 5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/02/27/who-really-owns-word-kopitiam.html|title=Who really owns the word ‘kopitiam’?|last=Lutfi Rakhmawati|first=|date=27 February 2012|website=The Jakarta Post|access-date=2016-07-30}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.smu.edu.sg/sites/default/files/smu/news_room/smu_in_the_news/2012/sources/ST_20121009_2.pdf|title=Why are kopitiam tables round?|last=Menkhoff|first=Thomas|date=9 October 2012|newspaper=The Straits Times|page=A26}} 7. ^https://sethlui.com/secret-kopitiam-codewords-singapore/ 8. ^https://sethlui.com/secret-kopitiam-codewords-singapore/ Further reading
10 : Malaysian cuisine|Singaporean cuisine|Indonesian cuisine|Restaurants in Malaysia|Fast-food chains of Singapore|Food court in Singapore|Cafés in Singapore|Types of coffeehouses|Restaurants by type|Hokkien-language phrases |
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