| 释义 |
- Examples
- See also
- References
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}The Korean language uses special measure or counting words for specific objects and events. These suffixes are called {{Korean|rr=subullyusa |hangul=수분류사 |hanja=數分類詞}} in Korean. They are similar to ones employed in Chinese and the Japanese language. In English it is "two sheets of paper" not "two papers". Analogously, in Korean jang (장/{{lang|ko|張}}) is used to count sheets or anything that is a paper-like material, for example "ten bus tickets" is beoseu pyo yeol jang (버스 표 열 장 / {{lang|ko|버스 票 열 張}}), literally, "bus ticket ten 'sheets'". In fact, the meanings of counter words are frequently extended in metaphorical or other image-based ways. For instance, in addition to counting simply sheets of paper, jang in Korean can be used to refer to any number of thin, paper-like objects. Leaves (namunnip 나뭇잎) are counted using this count word. In this way, a particular count word may be used generally in a very open-ended manner and up to the construal or creativity of the speaker. There are two systems of numerals in Korean: native Korean and Sino-Korean. Native Korean numerals are used with most counter words. yeol gwa (열 과 / {{lang|ko|열 課}}) would mean 'ten lessons' while sip gwa (십과/{{lang|ko|十課}}) would mean 'lesson ten.' Sino-Korean numerals are used with many (but not all, particularly si (시/{{lang|ko|時}}), meaning "hour") time counters. ExamplesSome counter words taking Native Korean numerals: - {{Korean|rr=gae|hangul=개|hanja=個|lit= 'things' in general, often used as a coverall when the specific count word is unknown (for example, by children)}}
- {{Korean|mr=bŏl|hangul=벌|lit= items of clothing}}
- {{Korean|rr=bun|hangul=분|lit= people (honorific)| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=ch'ae|hangul=채|lit= houses| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=ch'ŏk|hangul=척|hanja=隻|lit= boats and ships| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=dabal|hangul=다발|lit= bunches of flowers or plants| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=dae|hangul=대|hanja=臺|lit= vehicles (cars, airplanes, &c.) and machinery (incl. computers)| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=dan|hangul=단|lit= bunches of Welsh onions, green onions, newspaper columns| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=dong|hangul=동|hanja=棟|lit= buildings| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=gŭru|hangul=그루|lit= trees, shrubs| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=gwa|hangul=과|hanja=課|lit= lessons (if paired with Sino-Korean numeral, lesson number)| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=gwŏn|hangul=권|hanja=券|lit= books| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=jang|hangul=장|hanja=張|lit= papers| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=jaru|hangul=자루|lit= things with long handles (writing instruments, shovels, swords, and rifles), and by extension knives and pistols| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=jŏm|hangul=점|lit= paintings, pieces of sliced or ripped-off flesh, wisps of clouds or wind| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=jul|hangul=줄|lit= lines or things aligned in a row (kimbap, desks, chairs, etc.)| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=kyŏlle|hangul=켤레|lit= gloves and socks (pairs)| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=mari|hangul=마리|lit= animals| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=mun|hangul=문|hanja=門|lit= cannons, big guns| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=myŏng|hangul=명|hanja=名|lit= people (informal)| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=p'il|hangul=필|hanja=匹|lit= uncut fabric, horses| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=p'ogi|hangul=포기|lit= Chinese cabbages| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=p'un|hangul=푼|lit= pennies| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=sal|hangul=살|lit= years| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=song-i|hangul=송이|lit= picked flowers, bunches of fruit (grapes, bananas, &c.)| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=su|hangul=수|hanja=首|lit= poems, songs | links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=|mr=t'ol|hangul=톨|hanja=|context=|lit=grains|links=no}}
- {{Korean|mr=t'ong|hangul=통|hanja=通|lit= letters, telegrams, telephone calls, e-mails| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=t'ong|hangul=통|lit= watermelons| links = no}}
Some counter words taking Sino-Korean numerals: - {{Korean|rr=gwa|hangul=과|hanja=課|lit= lesson number| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=haknyŏn|hangul=학년|hanja=學年|lit= school year, grade level (2학년)| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=il|hangul=일|hanja=日|lit= day (for dates)| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=jŏm|hangul=점|hanja=點|lit= grade (100점)| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=nyŏn|hangul=년|hanja=年|lit= year (for dates; 2014년, 1998년)| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=wŏl|hangul=월|hanja=月|lit= month (for dates; 일월: January, 이월: February, ...)| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=wŏn|hangul=원|lit= won| links = no}}
Some nouns can also function as counter words: - {{Korean|mr= byŏng|hangul=병|hanja=甁|lit= bottles| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=ch'ŭng|hangul=층|hanja=層|lit= floors (of a building), layers| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=gok|hangul=곡|hanja=曲|lit= songs| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=gŭrŭt|hangul=그릇|lit= bowls| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=jan|hangul=잔|hanja=盞|lit= cups and glasses| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=madi|hangul=마디|lit= phrases, joints, musical measures, words| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=sangja|hangul=상자|lit= boxes| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=saram|hangul=사람|lit= people (informal)| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=t'ong|hangul=통|hanja=桶|lit= containers, buckets| links = no}}
Some words are used for counting in multiples: - {{Korean|rr=bari|hangul=바리|lit= 2,000 fish| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=ch'uk|hangul=축|lit= 20 cuttlefish| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=daseu|mr=t'asŭ|hangul=다스|lit= dozen (abbreviated from English)| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=jŏp|hangul=접|lit= 100 fruits (for example, dried persimmons), radishes, cabbages, or bulbs of garlic| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=k'o|hangul=코|lit= twenty dried pollock| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=p'an|hangul=판|hanja=板|lit= thirty eggs| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=son|hangul=손|lit= handfuls of fish (2 large, 4-5 small), typically mackerels or yellow croakers| links = no}}
- {{Korean|mr=t'ot|hangul=톳|lit= one hundred sheets of laver| links = no}}
- {{Korean|rr=uri|hangul=우리|lit= 2,000 tiles| links = no}}
See also- List of Korea-related topics
- Measure word
- Classifier (linguistics)
- ko:수분류사
References- Martin, Samuel E. A Reference Grammar of Korean. Tuttle Publishing, 2006.
{{Portal bar|Korea|Language}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Korean Count Word}}수분류사 1 : Korean language |