| 词条 | Latinisation of names |
| 释义 |
Latinisation or Latinization[1] is the practice of rendering a non-Latin name (or word) in a Latin style.[1] It is commonly found with historical personal names, with toponyms, and in the standard binomial nomenclature of the life sciences. It goes further than romanisation, which is the transliteration of a word to the Latin alphabet from another script (e.g. Cyrillic). This was often done in the classical to emulate Latin authors, or to present a more impressive image. In a scientific context, the main purpose of Latinisation may be to produce a name which is internationally consistent. Latinisation may be carried out by:
Personal names{{see also|List of Latinised names}}Humanist names, assumed by Renaissance humanists, were largely Latinised names, though in some cases (e.g. Melanchthon) they invoked Ancient Greek. Latinisation in humanist names may consist of translation from vernacular European languages, sometimes involving a playful element of punning. Such names could be a cover for humble social origins.[2] The title of the "Wilhelmus", national anthem of the Netherlands, preserves a Latinised form of the name of William the Silent[3]. Scientific namesLatinisation is a common practice for scientific names. For example, Livistona, the name of a genus of palm trees, is a Latinisation of Livingstone. Place namesIn English, place names often appear in Latinised form. This is a result of many early text books mentioning the places being written in Latin. Because of this, the English language often uses Latinised forms of foreign place names instead of anglicised forms or the original names. Examples of Latinised names for countries or regions are:
Historical backgroundDuring the age of the Roman Empire, translation of names into Latin (in the West) or Greek (in the East) was common. Additionally, Latinised versions of Greek substantives, particularly proper nouns, could easily be declined by Latin speakers with minimal modification of the original word.[4] During the medieval period, after the Empire collapsed in Western Europe, the main bastion of scholarship was the Roman Catholic Church, for which Latin was the primary written language. In the early medieval period, most European scholars were priests and most educated people spoke Latin, and as a result, Latin became firmly established as the scholarly language for the West. During modern times Europe has largely abandoned Latin as a scholarly language (most scientific studies and scholarly publications are printed in English), but a variety of fields still use Latin terminology as the norm. By tradition, it is still common in some fields to name new discoveries in Latin. And because Western science became dominant during the 18th and 19th centuries, the use of Latin names in many scholarly fields has gained worldwide acceptance, at least when European languages are being used for communication. References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/latinize |title=Latinize - definition of Latinize in English | Oxford Dictionaries |publisher=Oxforddictionaries.com}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.phil-hum-ren.uni-muenchen.de/GermLat/Acta/Bernstein.htm |title=Group Identity Formation in the German Renaissance Humanists: The Function of Latin |publisher=Institute for Renaissance Intellectual History and Renaissance Philosophy, University of Munich |date= |accessdate=2013-03-21}} 3. ^national-anthems.org – facts National Anthems facts 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.informalmusic.com/latinsoc/greekdec.html |title=Declension of Greek Substantives in Latin |accessdate=2015-07-14 }}
| last = Nicolson | first = Dan H. | year = 1974 | title = Orthography of Names and Epithets: Latinization of Personal Names | journal = Taxon | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | pages = 549–561 | doi = 10.2307/1218779 | publisher = International Association for Plant Taxonomy 2 : Latin language|Romanization |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。