| 词条 | Koča Popović |
| 释义 |
|name = Konstantin Popović Константин Поповић |image = Koča Popović (1).jpg |imagesize = |caption = Koča Popović as Foreign Minister |order = 2nd |office = Vice President of Yugoslavia |term_start = 14 July 1966 |term_end = 30 June 1967 |president = Josip Broz Tito |predecessor = Aleksandar Ranković |successor = Office dissolved |order1 = 3rd |office1 = Foreign Minister of Yugoslavia |term_start1 = 15 January 1953 |term_end1 = 23 April 1965 |primeminister1 = Josip Broz Tito Petar Stambolić |predecessor1 = Edvard Kardelj |successor1 = Marko Nikezić |birth_date = {{birth date|1908|03|14|df=y}} |birth_place = Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia |death_date = {{death date and age|1992|10|20|1908|03|14|df=y}} |death_place = Belgrade, FR Yugoslavia |party = League of Communists of Yugoslavia |occupation = |spouse = Veronika Vjera Bakotić Leposava Lepa Perović |profession = Writer Soldier |alma_mater = University of Paris |signature = |allegiance = {{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} {{flag|Yugoslavia}} |branch = Royal Yugoslav Army International Brigades Yugoslav People's Army Yugoslav Ground Forces |serviceyears = 1926–1927 1937–1939 1941–1953 |rank = Colonel General |unit = |commands = Chief of the General Staff |battles = Spanish Civil War, World War II |awards = {{unbulleted list| Order of Freedom | Order of the National Hero |Order of the Hero of Socialist Labour|Order of National Liberation}} |military_blank1 = |military_data1 = |military_blank2 = |military_data2 = |military_blank3 = |military_data3 = |military_blank4 = |military_data4 = |military_blank5 = |military_data5 = }} Konstantin "Koča" Popović ({{lang-sr-cyrl|Константин Коча Поповић}}; 14 March 1908 – 20 October 1992) was a Yugoslav communist volunteer in the Spanish Civil War, 1937–1939 and Divisional Commander of the First Proletarian Division of the Yugoslav Partisans. He is on occasion referred to as "the man who saved the Yugoslav Partisans", because it was he who anticipated the weakest point in the Axis lines on the Zelengora–Kalinovik axis, and devised the plan for breaking through it during the Battle of Sutjeska, thus saving Tito, his headquarters and the rest of the resistance movement. After the war, he served as the Chiefs of the General Staff of the Yugoslav People's Army, before moving to the position of Foreign Minister and spent the final years of his political career as the Vice President of Yugoslavia. Despite being a member of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, he was a supporter of free market reforms[1] and was also a member of a group of Serbian liberals, a prominent political movement in the 1970s, which also included Marko Nikezić and Latinka Perović. He retired in 1972, amidst pressure put by Serbian nationals against his group of liberals. He spent the rest of his life in Dubrovnik and was very outspoken against the Yugoslav Wars and the regimes of Franjo Tuđman and Slobodan Milošević. Popović was also among the founders of FK Partizan Belgrade, the football section of the Yugoslav Sports Association Partizan. He died in 1992 at the age 84. Early lifePopović came from a prosperous Belgrade family and spent the First World War in Switzerland.[2][3] SurrealismIn 1929, he moved to Paris to study Law and Philosophy. Here he mixed with the Left Bank world of poets, writers, artists and intellectuals.[4] He became an active Surrealist, active in both the French and Serbian Surrealist groups.[2] In 1931 Nacrt za jednu fenomenologiju iracionalnog (Outline for a Phenomenology of the Irrational) was published which he had co-written with Marko Ristić.[2] Yugoslavian communismHe then became involved with the then illegal Yugoslav Communist Party. In Paris there was a center run by Comintern and headed by Tito which was used to feed volunteers from the Balkans to the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War. Popović was drafted through this center along with a select group of Party members. Popović fought with Spanish Republican forces and not the International Brigades, holding the rank of artillery captain. At the close of the Spanish Civil War Popović escaped through France and made his way back to Yugoslavia.[4] The Partisan WarIn 1940, as a reserve officer in the Royal Yugoslav Army he was mobilised and told by his Colonel to watch out for subversive activities within the regiment. After the surrender of the Royal Yugoslav Army to the German Army in April 1941, Popović organised the Kosmaj detachment during the rising in Serbia. On the formation of the First Proletarian Brigade, Popović became its commander, and subsequently commanding the First Proletarian Division.[4] During his time leading the Partisans he encountered William Deakin, leader of the British military mission to Tito's headquarters, who wrote of Popović: {{quote|At the head of the First Proletarian Division was General Koča Popović. He had been present at our first encounter with Tito and his Staff on the morning of our arrival, but his identity was not disclosed. Taut and deliberately controlled by a sensitive and disciplined mind and power of will, Popovic was an intellectual soldier of outstanding talents, which were perhaps alien to his inner nature. [...] He was bilingual in caustic polished French, and his mental defences were impenetrable. His sarcasm was rapier-like, respectful of counter-thrusts, be he was never off his guard. [...] Popovic was a lone wolf and a solitary man, with rare unguarded moments. He had a touch of military genius and a hatred of war. He was wary of friendship, and defended with a devilish skill a total integrity of mind and heart. [...] I was frequently in his company, and grew to accept his contrived and polished sallies. Daring with cold deliberation and secret by nature, he was the idol of his troops, but few men knew him.[4]}}After WarAfter the establishment of a communist regime in Yugoslavia in 1945, he served as the Chief of the Yugoslavian General Staff from 1945-1953. In this function he also conducted negotiations with the representatives of Western powers associated with the modernisation of the JNA during the conflict with the Soviet Union (i.e., Informbiro). Consequently, he became the foreign minister of Yugoslavia in 1953 and held this office until 1965. As the Foreign Minister, he was the head of the Yugoslav delegation to the UN General Assembly sessions on several occasions. From 1965 until 1972 he acted as a Member of the Federal Executive Council and the Vice-President of Yugoslavia from 1966 until 1967. In 1985 he was considered for promotion in rank General of the Army, but he was never promoted. He was decorated with the Order: People's Hero of Yugoslavia, and with other high Yugoslav and 48 foreign decorations. See also
References1. ^{{Cite book|title=Koča Popović, duboka ljudska tajna|last=Čkrebić|first=Dušan|publisher=Službeni glasnik|year=2012|isbn=|location=|pages=}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Konstantin Koča Popović|url=http://nadrealizam.rs/en/artists/konstantin-koca-popovic-biography|publisher=Nadrealizam|accessdate=23 February 2014}} 3. ^{{Cite book|title=Koča Popović, duboka ljudska tajna|last=Čkrebić|first=Dušan|publisher=Službeni glasnik|year=2012|isbn=|location=|pages=}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last = Deakin | first = F.W.D. | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 1971 | title=The Embattled Mountain |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-215175-4 | location = | id = | pages= 103 }} External links{{commons category|Koča Popović}}
|before=Arso Jovanović as Chief of the General Staff of People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia |title=Chief of the General Staff of Yugoslav Army (Since 1951 Yugoslav People's Army) |years= 15 September 1945 - 27 January 1953 |after=Peko Dapčević }}{{s-end}}{{Resistance in Yugoslavia during Second World War}}{{People of the Yugoslav Front}}{{Chief of the General Staff of the YPA}}{{Federal Secretary of Foreign Affairs of SFRY}}{{XV International Brigade}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Popovic, Koca}} 22 : 1908 births|1992 deaths|People from Belgrade|People from the Kingdom of Serbia|League of Communists of Serbia politicians|International Brigades personnel|Yugoslav people of the Spanish Civil War|Serbian people of World War II|Yugoslav Partisans members|Chiefs of Staff of the Yugoslav People's Army|Recipients of the Order of the People's Hero|Government ministers of Yugoslavia|University of Belgrade Faculty of Law alumni|Generals of the Yugoslav People's Army|Serbian writers|Serbian poets|Serbian surrealist writers|Recipients of the Order of the Union of Myanmar|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Falcon|Grand Crosses of the Order of George I|20th-century poets|Foreign ministers of Yugoslavia |
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