| 词条 | Lazarus sign |
| 释义 |
The Lazarus sign or Lazarus reflex is a reflex movement in brain-dead or brainstem failure patients,[1] which causes them to briefly raise their arms and drop them crossed on their chests (in a position similar to some Egyptian mummies).[2][3] The phenomenon is named after the Biblical figure Lazarus of Bethany,[4] whom Jesus raised from the dead in the Gospel of John. CausesLike the knee jerk reflex, the Lazarus sign is an example of a reflex mediated by a reflex arc—a neural pathway which passes via the spinal column but not through the brain. As a consequence, the movement is possible in brain-dead patients whose organs have been kept functioning by life-support machines, precluding the use of complex involuntary motions as a test for brain activity.[3] It has been suggested by neurologists studying the phenomenon that increased awareness of this and similar reflexes "may prevent delays in brain-dead diagnosis and misinterpretations."[2] The reflex is often preceded by slight shivering motions of the patient's arms, or the appearance of goose bumps on the arms and torso. The arms then begin to flex at the elbows before lifting to be held above the sternum. They are often brought from here towards the neck or chin and touch or cross over. Short exhalations have also been observed coinciding with the action.[3] OccurrencesThe phenomenon has been observed to occur several minutes after the removal of medical ventilators used to pump air in and out of brain-dead patients.[4] It also occurs during testing for apnea—that is, suspension of external breathing and motion of the lung muscles—which is one of the criteria for determining brain death used for example by the American Academy of Neurology.[4] Occurrences of the Lazarus sign in intensive-care units have been mistaken for evidence of resuscitation of patients. They may frighten those who witness the movement, and have been viewed by some as miraculous events.[3][5] See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url= http://medethics.org.eg/ESME/e-brain_death5.htm |publisher=The Egyptian Society of Medical Ethics |year=2009 |title=Brain death and brainstem failure |accessdate=August 26, 2011}} {{Death}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lazarus Sign}}2. ^1 {{cite journal|year=2006|author=S.G Han et. al|title= Reflex Movements in Patients with Brain Death: A Prospective Study in A Tertiary Medical Center|journal=Journal of Korean medical science|pages=588–90|issn=1011-8934|pmid=16778413|volume=21|issue=3|pmc=2729975|doi=10.3346/jkms.2006.21.3.588}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|year=1984|title=Unusual spontaneous movements in brain-dead patients|author=Allan H Ropper|journal=Neurology|url=http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/abstract/34/8/1089?ijkey=06e05d11bada7b6a4b70f962591dfd2d96b3d91a&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha|pmid=6540387|volume=34|issue=8|pages=1089–90|doi=10.1212/wnl.34.8.1089}} 4. ^{{cite web|publisher=American Academy of Neurology|url=http://www.aan.com/professionals/practice/pdfs/pdf_1995_thru_1998/1995.45.1012.pdf|title=Practice Parameters: Determining Brain Death in Adults|year=1994|accessdate=12 July 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206010138/http://aan.com/professionals/practice/pdfs/pdf_1995_thru_1998/1995.45.1012.pdf|archivedate=6 February 2009|df=}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book|year=2007|title=Brain death: a reappraisal|author=Calixto Machado|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-387-38975-2|page=79|url=https://books.google.com/?id=p3dRFHAYZ3AC}} 2 : Reflexes|Signs of death |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。