| 词条 | LBD Gargoyle |
| 释义 |
| name = Gargoyle | image = LBD-1 glide bomb at NAS Mojave 1946.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = LBD-1 at Mojave in 1946. | origin = United States | type = anti-ship missile / guided bomb | is_missile = yes | service = 1945-1950 | used_by = United States Navy | wars = World War II (test only) | manufacturer = McDonnell Aircraft | production_date = 1944-1947 | number = 200 | weight = {{convert|1500|lb|abbr=on}} | length = {{convert|10|ft|1|in|abbr=on}} | filling = armor-piercing bomb | filling_weight = {{convert|1000|lb|abbr=on}} | engine = Aerojet 8AS1000 JATO bottle | engine_power = {{convert|1000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} for 8 sec | vehicle_range = {{convert|5|mi|km|abbr=on}} | speed = {{convert|600|mph|abbr=on}} | guidance = radio command guidance | wingspan = {{convert|8|ft|6|in|abbr=on}} | propellant = solid fuel }} The LBD-1 Gargoyle (later KSD-1, KUD-1 and RTV-N-2) was an American air-to-surface missile developed during World War II by McDonnell Aircraft for the United States Navy. One of the precursors of modern anti-ship missiles, it was extensively used as a test vehicle during the late 1940s. Design and developmentFollowing the successful use of the German Henschel Hs 293 and Fritz-X guided bombs in combat during 1943, a requirement was issued by the U.S. Navy that October for a guided weapon based on similar principles.[1] Assigned as part of the Glomb ("glide bomb") project,[2] the weapon was code-named "Gargoyle", and following the completion of design work in the summer of 1944,[1] McDonnell Aircraft was awarded a contract for a test-and-evaluation production run of 400 Gargoyles in September, given the designation LBD-1.[3] Intended for carriage by carrier-based aircraft, Gargoyle was of fairly conventional small-aircraft design, weighing {{convert|1500|lb}} when ready for launch, and fitted with a low-mounted {{convert|8|ft|6|in|adj=on}} wing and v-tail attached to a streamlined fuselage, {{convert|10|ft|1|in}} in length,[3] containing a {{convert|1000|lb|adj=on}} armor-piercing bomb.[1] An Aerojet solid-propellant rocket, of the JATO type and providing {{convert|1000|lbf|kN|abbr=on|lk=on}} of thrust,[4] was fitted to provide terminal boost to {{convert|600|mph}}, and guidance was by radio command, the missile being tracked visually via a flare mounted in the tail section.[1] The effective range of Gargoyle was {{convert|5|mi}} when released at an altitude of {{convert|27000|ft}}.[5] Operational historyGargoyle's armor-piercing capability and the fact that it could be carried by carrier-based aircraft allowed development to continue despite late-war rationalizations of missile projects,[6] and following delivery of the first weapons to the Navy at the end of 1944 flight trials were begun in March 1945.[3] Difficulties encountered during the test program meant that by July only five of fourteen tests were considered to be "satisfactory" by the Navy,[3] and the first fully successful flight did not occur until July 1946. By then Gargoyle had been redesignated twice, to KSD-1 in October 1945 and in early 1946 to KUD-1 as a pure research effort.[1] The aerodynamic design of Gargoyle was, however, considered to be satisfactory from an aerodynamic standpoint; however, with the end of the war, the contract was reduced first to 375 missiles,[3] and then to 200, with the production run being completed by the summer of 1947.[1] That fall the Gargoyle was redesignated again under the U.S. Navy's new missile designation system, first to RTV-2 and then to the definitive RTV-N-2 in 1948. Testing continued through December 1950, Gargoyle being used to trial equipment and procedures for the Navy's other missile programs at the Marine Corps Auxiliary Air Station Mojave,[7] before the program was finally terminated, the remaining RTV-N-2s being designated for scrapping.[1] Surviving aircraftA Gargoyle, donated to the National Air and Space Museum in 1974, is on display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.[4] See also{{Commons category|LBD Gargoyle}}{{Aircontent|see also=
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}} ReferencesCitations1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Parsch 2003 2. ^Parsch 2005 3. ^1 2 3 4 Ordway and Wakeford 1960 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/missile-air-surface-gargoyle|title=Gargoyle Missile|date=26 September 2016|website=National Air and Space Museum|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=2017-12-23}} 5. ^Yenne 2006, p. 24. 6. ^Friedman 1982, p. 201. 7. ^Jacobs and Whitney 1962, p. 69. Bibliography{{refbegin}}
|title=Articles and topics related to the Gargoyle |state=collapsed |list1={{McDonnell Douglas military aircraft}}{{USN glider aircraft}}{{USN early ASMs}}{{USN research missiles}}{{USN missiles}} }} 7 : Anti-ship missiles of the United States|Air-to-surface missiles of the United States|World War II aerial bombs of the United States|World War II guided missiles of the United States|McDonnell aircraft|Low-wing aircraft|V-tail aircraft |
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