词条 | Lead carbide |
释义 |
Lead carbide is a hypothetical chemical compound of carbon and lead. Lead and elemental carbon do not normally combine, even at very high temperatures.[1] Modern literature on lead carbide is almost non-existent. ProductionJ. F. Durand reported in 1923 the synthesis of lead carbide from calcium carbide CaC2 by treatment with an aqueous solution of lead(II) acetate Pb(CH3COO)2, but this result was not reproduced.[1][2]A 2007 textbook repeats this claim, describing lead carbide as a green powder with formula PbC2 that is decomposed by hydrochloric acid HCl to acetylene C2H2 and lead(II) chloride PbCl2.[3] A compound analyzed as lead carbide PbC2 has also been obtained accidentally, as a thin layer (about 10 μm thick) on the inner wall of a graphite crucible that had been used to heat a lead-bismuth eutectic alloy for 100 hours at 1073 K in a helium atmosphere.[4]{{rp|p.27}} Pyrophoric leadSeveral reports of "lead carbide" synthesis appeared in the early 19th century, and were widely cited and copied into textbooks during the next few decades. In 1820, for instance, a certain John claimed to have sublimated a black carbide of lead from finely divided mixture of lead and charcoal,[6][5] but this claim apparently was never reproduced.[1]{{rp|p.67}} Also in 1820, Berzelius claimed that the pyrolysis (decomposition by heat) of iron-lead cyanide resulted in a double iron and lead carbide, FeC4·2PbC4.[6] In 1823 Göbel from Jena obtained, by pyrolysis of lead tartrate in a closed vessel, a black powder that ignited spontaneously in contact with air, and believed it to be a carbide of lead.[7][8][9] This product still provides a popular school demonstration of pyrophoricity.[10] Shortly thereafter, Proust obtained a similar product from lead acetate[6] and Berzelius obtained one from lead cyanide.[11]{{rp|p.122}}[12][13]{{rp|p.436}} However, by 1870 those pyrophoric residues came to be regarded as an "intimate mixture" of carbon and lead; and the existence of lead carbide was considered unproven.[14]{{rp|p.67}} References1. ^ William A Frad (1968), Metal Carbides. In Harry Julius Emeléus, Advances in inorganic chemistry and radiochemistry. volume 12, page 213. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-SnCsg5jM_kC&pg=PA213 Online version] at books.google.com, accessed on 2010-01-17. {{Lead compounds}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lead Carbide}}2. ^ J. F. Durand (1923), Comptes Rendus... cited by W. A. Frad. 3. ^ R. K. Sharma (2007) Chemistry of Hydrides and Carbides. Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi. {{ISBN|81-8356-227-2}}. 4. ^ P. K. Wattal (2007) Nuclear Fuel Cycle. BARC Highlights, Bhaba Atomic Research Center, Chapter 4: Basic Studies {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727020756/http://www.barc.ernet.in/publications/eb/golden/nfc/toc/Chapter%204/4.pdf |date=2011-07-27 }} 5. ^ John (1820). Berlinisches Jahrbuch der Pharmacie, p. 320. Cited by Gmelin (1851) with a "?". 6. ^ Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1820), [https://books.google.com/books?id=IhIAAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA246&dq=Carbure+de+plomb Des rercherches sur la composition des prussiates ou des hydrocyanates ferrugineux.] Annales de chimie et de physique, volume 15 7. ^ Friedmann Göbel (1823). Archiv des Apotheker-Vereins, 11, p.347. 8. ^ Perdonnet (1824). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y1oSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA30&dq=Carbure+de+plomb Nouveau Pyrophore]. Short note in Bulletin universal des sciences et de l'índustrie, Volume 2, Paris, p.30 9. ^ Anonymous note (1824), [https://books.google.com/books?id=1BYAAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA368&dq=Gobel+Jena+tartrate New Pyrophorus of Tartrate of Lead]. The Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, Volume 10 issue 20, p. 368 10. ^ Bassam Z. Shakhashiri (1983), [https://books.google.com/books?id=0rx6Cjx_l-AC&pg=PA94&dq=pyrophoric+lead Pyrophoric lead]; in Chemical demonstrations: a handbook for teachers of chemistry, Univ of Wisconsin Press, p. 94 11. ^1 2 Leopold Gmelin (1851), Hand-book of Chemistry. Translated by Henry Watts. Cavendish Society 12. ^ Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1846), Traité de Chimie Minérale, Végetale et Animale, vol. 2. Transl. by F.H. Esslinger. Firmin Didot, Paris. 13. ^ William Thomas Brande and Alfred Swayne Taylor (1867),Chemistry. 2nd American edition, Henry C. Lea, Philadelphia. 14. ^1 2 John Percy (1870), [https://archive.org/stream/metallurgyleadi01percgoog#page/n86/mode/2up/ The Metallurgy of Lead, including Desiverization and Cupellation]. J.Murray, London. 3 : Carbides|Lead compounds|Hypothetical chemical compounds |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。