| 词条 | Kraft Dinner | |||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Kraft Macaroni & Cheese Dinner | image = Kraft Dinner Mac Cheese (crop).jpg | caption = A bowl of original recipe (aka "original flavor") | alternate_name =KD | country = United States and Canada | region = | national_cuisine = | creator = Kraft | year = {{start date and age|1937}} | time1 = | time2 = | course = | type = Macaroni and cheese | served = | main_ingredient = Dried pasta, cheese powder | minor_ingredient = Water, margarine or butter, milk | variations = Many flavors after "original" | serving_size = | calories = | protein = | fat = | carbohydrate = | glycemic_index = | similar_dish = | other = | complexity = | no_recipes = }} The product known as: Kraft Dinner or KD in Canada; Kraft Macaroni & Cheese Dinner or Kraft Mac & Cheese in the United States and Australia; and Macaroni Cheese or Cheesey Pasta in the United Kingdom, is a nonperishable, packaged dry macaroni and cheese product, traditionally cardboard-boxed with dried macaroni pasta and a packet of processed cheese powder. It was first introduced under the Kraft Dinner name in both Canada and the U.S. in 1937.[1] The product has developed into many more flavors and several other formulations, including Kraft Easy Mac Cups, a product later renamed Macaroni & Cheese Dinner Cups, a single-serving product designed specifically for microwave ovens. The product's innovation was to conveniently combine nonperishable dried macaroni noodles with a processed cheese powder into a single purchasable item. The final dish can be prepared by simply cooking the pasta and adding the cheese powder along with additional perishable and/or refrigerated ingredients like butter (or margarine) and cow's milk. HistoryThe prerequisite to a shelf-stable packaged macaroni and cheese product was the invention of "processed" cheeses, where emulsifying salts help stabilize the product, giving it a longer life. Although James Lewis Kraft, originally of Fort Erie, Ontario, but living in Chicago, did not invent processed cheese, he won a patent for one processing method in 1916 and began to build his cheese business.{{r|chapman201209}} During the Great Depression, a St. Louis, Missouri salesman had the idea to sell macaroni pasta and cheese together as a package, so he began attaching grated cheese to boxes of pasta with a rubber band.{{r|chapman201209}} In 1937, Kraft introduced the product in the U.S. and Canada.[1] The timing of the product's launch had much to do with its success: during World War II, rationing of milk and dairy products, an increased reliance on meatless meals, and more women working outside the home, created a nearly captive market for the product, which was considered a hearty meal for families. Its shelf life of ten months was attractive at a time when many Canadian homes did not have refrigerators.{{r|chapman201209}} Also, consumers could receive, for one food ration stamp, two boxes. The original box was primarily yellow. They sold 50 million boxes during the war.[2] The box's primary color changed to blue in 1954. A version with spiral-shaped noodles debuted in 1975 while Velveeta Shells & Cheese were introduced in 1984.[2] In 2006, the cheddar and white cheddar versions switched to organic macaroni. While Easy Mac Cups were introduced the same year. The following year the noodles switched to 50 percent whole grain.[2] Macaroni & Cheese Crackers also debuted in 2007. The crackers were discontinued in 2008, as they did not meet company targets. A sub-line, Homestyle Deluxe, was added in 2010 in three flavors, cheddar, four-cheese sauce, and Old World Italian.[2] Artificial colour phaseoutKraft Macaroni and Cheese sold in the United States used to include Yellow 5 and Yellow 6 to make the food a brighter colour.[3][4][5] In Europe, food that contains Yellow 5 requires a warning label saying, "This product may have adverse effect on activity and attention in children."[6][7][8] In 2014, none of the European varieties were made with artificial dyes. On November 1, 2013, Kraft announced that new pasta shape varieties for children in the U.S. would no longer include Yellow 5 and Yellow 6, and there would be a decrease in the sodium and saturated fat content, and six more grams of whole grains. In April 2015, it was announced that those changes, including the elimination of artificial preservatives, would be extended throughout the line after January 2016. Paprika, annatto and turmeric are used for colouring.[9] According to Kraft, the changes were a response to consumer feedback.[10] In Canadian cultureKraft Dinner has been called the de facto national dish of Canada.{{r|chapman201209}} Packaged in Quebec with Canadian wheat and milk, and other ingredients from Canada and the US,[11] Canadians purchase 1.7 million of the 7 million boxes sold globally each week[12] and eat an average of 3.2 boxes of Kraft Dinner each year, 55% more than Americans. The meal is the most popular grocery item in the country,[13][14] where "Kraft Dinner" has iconic status and has become a generic trademark of sorts for macaroni and cheese.[15] It is often simply referred to by the initials K.D. As Kraft Dinner has a different name in Canada from the United States and other markets, the Canadian marketing and advertising platform is a made-in-Canada effort as US advertising cannot be easily adapted.[16] Pundit Rex Murphy wrote that "Kraft Dinner revolves in that all-but-unobtainable orbit of the Tim Hortons doughnut and the A&W Teen Burger. It is one of that great trinity of quick digestibles that have been enrolled as genuine Canadian cultural icons."[17] Douglas Coupland wrote that "cheese plays a weirdly large dietary role in the lives of Canadians, who have a more intimate and intense relationship with Kraft food products than the citizens of any other country. This is not a shameless product plug -- for some reason, Canadians and Kraft products have bonded the way Australians have bonded with Marmite [sic, recte:Vegemite], or the English with Heinz baked beans. In particular, Kraft Macaroni and Cheese, known simply as Kraft Dinner, is the biggie, probably because it so precisely laser-targets the favoured Canadian food groups: fat, sugar, starch and salt".[18] Immigrants often mention Kraft Dinner when surveys ask for examples of Canadian food.{{r|chapman201209}} As a measure of the product's Canadian popularity, its Facebook page, KD Battle Zone, attracted 270,000 fans, despite there being no prizes for the contest.[16] Canadian rock band Barenaked Ladies refer to the product in their popular song "If I Had $1000000", indicating that they would continue to eat the inexpensive foodstuff even if they were millionaires. This has often prompted fans at live concerts to throw boxes of Kraft Dinner onto the stage when the line is sung; the band has discouraged this and have urged fans to donate the boxes to their local food bank instead.[19] Former Prime Minister Paul Martin regularly referred to it as his favourite food, though also confessed that he was unable to prepare it.[20] During the same election former Prime Minister Stephen Harper stated that "I'll never be able to give my kids a billion-dollar company, but Laureen and I are saving for their education. And I have actually cooked them Kraft Dinner — I like to add wieners."[21] Most of his countrymen ignore the instructions and believe that they have a unique way of preparing the food, like adding wieners or cheese.[16] Additional ingredients are not necessary; simply adjusting the cooking time and the amount of milk or butter/margarine can produce a dish ranging from soft noodles in a creamy sauce to firm noodles in a thin, milky sauce. In the September 2012 issue of The Walrus magazine, the cover story "Manufacturing Taste" by Sasha Chapman details the history of the Canadian cheese industry and Kraft's impact on it. She notably draws attention to Canada being unique in favouring a manufactured food product (made by a foreign company) as its national dish at the expense of local cheeses. Chapman's article is structured around this question, from the first page: {{quote|But what does it mean if a national dish is manufactured, formulated by scientists in a laboratory in Glenview, Illinois, and sold back to us by the second-largest food company in the world?{{r|chapman201209}} }}Kraft Dinner is a frequent staple of Canadian university student diets, particularly those in heavy debt. Consequently, university students protesting government funding cuts and tuition hikes have often used Kraft Dinner as props to draw attention to their plight.[22][23][24] PreparationThe box describes a simple three step process (the "cooking instructions") for preparing the dinner. The 1-2-3 directions include "Boil", "Drain", and "Add". "Boiling" is further defined as boiling water and adding the pasta, with no reference to added salt or covering of the pan. The directions indicate the pasta cooking time, usually as a range. The "Drain" step shows a colander being used. The last step, "Add", says to add all the ingredients back to the pot (with no reference to whether to leave the pot on the stove or turn off the burner) and mix thoroughly. Although many people have their own personal preferences for quantities of added ingredients, the box has a "classic prep" list that says to use 6 cups water, 4 Tbsp. margarine or butter, and 1/4 cup milk. It does not say whether to use salted or unsalted butter. And it does not say whether to use 2% or whole milk. People may also vary the "cooking instructions" to their personal preferences, which may include adding salt to the water or omitting ingredients like milk. {{Citation needed|date=December 2018}} {{Section OR|date=December 2018}} VariationsNew product lines using different flavors and pasta shapes have been introduced over the decades and the shelf life has at various times been increased.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} Kraft Dinner is seen as an inexpensive, easy-to-make comfort food, with marketing that highlights its value and convenience.[25][26] The product now comes in several compositions:
Kraft Dinner SmartKraft Dinner Smart (also known as KD Smart) is a sub-brand of the Kraft Dinner brand. It represents a line of Kraft macaroni and cheese products that contain no artificial flavours, colours or preservatives and have added ingredients like cauliflower, oats or flax seed blended into the noodles. It comes in four varieties:[28] Kraft Dinner Smart originally launched in Canada in March 2010 with two vegetable varieties. In June 2011, the line-up was re-launched with new packaging graphics and two new varieties (Flax Omega-3 and High Fibre). The product is made with real Kraft cheddar and is manufactured in Mount Royal, Quebec. MarketingThe product was originally marketed as Kraft Dinner with the slogan "a meal for four in nine minutes for an everyday price of 19 cents."[29] It was re-branded to Kraft Macaroni & Cheese in the United States and other countries, although the word "Dinner" still appears in small type on the U.S. version. In several markets it goes by different names; in the United Kingdom it is also marketed as Cheesey Pasta. The product is heavily promoted toward children in the United States on television. When advertising to younger children, the television advertisement encourages the children to ask for "The Blue Box." In 2010 Kraft launched a $50 million multi-media marketing campaign with a nostalgia theme aimed at adults to promote all varieties of Kraft dinner.[30] In Canada, Kraft has advertising programs intended to make the meal appealing to newly arrived immigrant groups.{{r|chapman201209}} There are regular promotional tie-in versions of the Kraft Dinner, aimed at kids. Packages have come with pasta in the shapes of various characters popular with children, such as Looney Tunes, Super Mario Bros., PB&J Otter, Pokémon, Spider-Man, Rugrats, The Fairly OddParents, The Flintstones, Peanuts, Scooby-Doo, Madagascar, How to Train Your Dragon, Toy Story, Phineas and Ferb, Cars, Monsters University, Finding Dory, SpongeBob SquarePants, Despicable Me, Trolls, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Frozen, and Star Wars.[25] Kraft Foods has also released many products under the product banner. These include other versions of macaroni and cheese with different shaped pasta and different flavours, but it has also included completely different dishes, such as spaghetti in several different flavours. In promotion of the introduction of its "Cheddar Explosion" variety of Kraft Dinner, Kraft sponsored the demolition of Texas Stadium April 11, 2010. In its last act of 2009 the Irving, Texas, city council made Kraft Macaroni and Cheese the official sponsor of the demolition. Kraft paid $75,000 to local charities and donated $75,000 in Kraft products. A national essay contest directed at children who "have made a difference in their community" was held with the winner allowed to push the button initiating the controlled demolition.[31] The winning essayist was 11-year-old Casey Rogers of Terrell, Texas, founder of a charity serving the homeless.[32] Ingredients and nutrition{{Nutritional value| name = Kraft Dinner | image = | caption =A bowl of original recipe | serving_size = 2.5 oz. (70 g), about 1 cup prepared | kcal = 260 | energy2 = yes | energy2n = prepared | kcal2 = 400 | fat = 3.5 g 19 g prepared | satfat = 1.5 g 4.5 g prepared | transfat = 0 g 4 g prepared | sodium_mg = 900 | opt2n = Sodium, prepared | opt2v = 710 mg (29%) | carbs = 47 g 49 g prepared | fiber = 1 g 1 g prepared | sugars = 6 g 7 g prepared | protein = 10 g 11 g prepared | source = Kraft Foods USA[33] |kJ=}} A single serving of American "original flavor" is 2.5 ounces of dry noodles and cheese powder with 4/3 Tablespoon margarine and 1/12 cup milk. It has 350 Calories and is high in sodium, saturated fat, total fat, and total carbohydrate. The ingredients include: enriched macaroni product (wheat flour, niacin, ferrous sulfate [iron], thiamin mononitrate [vitamin B1], riboflavin [vitamin B2], folic acid) (In Canada: Pasta (from wheat). No longer 'enriched' by 2017; cheese sauce mix (whey, milkfat, milk protein concentrate, salt, sodium tripolyphosphate, contains less than 2% of citric acid, lactic acid, sodium phosphate, calcium phosphate, yellow 5, yellow 6, enzymes, cheese culture)[34][35] GallerySee also
References1. ^1 {{cite news |first=Susan Krashinsky |author=Robertson |date=30 July 2015 |work=The Globe and Mail |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/marketing/kraft-embraces-term-of-endearment-to-rebrand-kraft-dinner/article25770268/ |title=Kraft embraces Canadian term of endearment to rebrand Kraft Dinner |accessdate=30 April 2017 |location=Toronto | quote=The product first launched in the United States and Canada in 1937 under the name Kraft Dinner, with smaller print on the boxes identifying it as "macaroni and grated cheese"}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news |title= Kraft Macaroni & Cheese: A History |url= http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-08-14/business/ct-biz-0815-mac-side2-20100814-12_1_kraft-macaroni-cheese-kraft-s-macaroni-cheddar|accessdate=October 25, 2017|work=Chicago Tribune|date=August 14, 2010|language=en}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Manufacturers/Kraft-meets-the-foodbabe-but-says-FD-C-Yellow-5-and-6-will-stay-in-Mac-Cheese-for-now|title=Kraft: FD&C Yellow #5 & #6 will stay in Mac & Cheese for now|work=FoodNavigator-USA.com|accessdate=12 August 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://charlotte.cbslocal.com/2013/03/11/is-kraft-mac-cheese-making-children-sick/|title=Protected Blog|publisher=|accessdate=12 August 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.imperfectparent.com/yummy/macaroni-cheese-manifesto/633_1/|title=Why You Should Never Make Box Macaroni & Cheese Again: A Manifesto|last=Foster|first=Kim|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|work=Imperfect Parent|accessdate=12 August 2015}} 6. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/01/health/kraft-macaroni-cheese-dyes/index.html?hpt=hp_t2|title=Kraft removing artificial dyes from some mac and cheese|last=Wilson|first=Jacque|date=November 4, 2013|work=CNN|access-date=|via=}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Health/kraft-agrees-yellow-dye-mac-cheese/story?id=20745315|title=Kraft Agrees to Take Yellow Dye Out of Mac and Cheese|author=ABC News|work=ABC News|accessdate=12 August 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/mar/12/kraft-maracroni-and-cheese-bloggers|title=Kraft Macaroni & Cheese chemical additives targeted by food bloggers|author=Paul Harris|work=the Guardian|accessdate=12 August 2015}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=Kraft to Drop Preservatives From Its Macaroni and Cheese|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/21/business/kraft-to-drop-preservatives-from-its-macaroni-and-cheese.html|accessdate=April 28, 2015|work=The New York Times|agency=Reuters|date=April 20, 2015}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=FAQs|url=http://www.kraftmacandcheese.com/FAQs|website=kraftmacandcheese.com|publisher=Kraft Foods|accessdate=April 28, 2015|quote=You told us you wanted to incorporate more foods with protein, calcium and whole grains into your diets and with no artificial flavors, preservatives or synthetic colors}} 11. ^{{cite web | url=http://globalnews.ca/news/2044985/deconstructing-a-canadian-classic-tracking-the-origins-of-kraft-dinner/ | title=Deconstructing a Canadian classic: tracking the origins of Kraft Dinner | publisher=Global News | date=2015-06-10 | accessdate=10 June 2015 | author=Young, Leslie}} 12. ^Teens in Canada. Kitty Shea. Compass Point Books, 2008 pg. 30 13. ^{{cite news | url=http://walrusmagazine.com/printerFriendly.php?ref=2012.09-food-manufacturing-taste | title=Manufacturing Taste | work=The Walrus | date=September 2012 | accessdate=September 1, 2012 | author=Chapman, Sasha}} 14. ^Patrick Allossery, "Kraft hits its mark in a cheesy moment: And why Kraft's new ad campaign brings it back to form", National Post, 27 March 2000 15. ^{{cite web|last=Haddow |first=Douglas|url=http://ballastmag.com/2012/09/the-kraft-dinner-index/|title=Ballast Magazine |publisher=ballastmag.ca |date=2012-09-14 |accessdate=2012-09-23}} 16. ^1 2 {{cite news|last=Shaw|first=Hollie|title=Catering to the Kraft Dinner Cult|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2012/03/23/catering-to-the-kraft-dinner-cult/|accessdate=26 March 2012|newspaper=Financial Post|date=23 March 2012}} 17. ^Canada and Other Matters of Opinion. Rex Murphy. Random House of Canada, 2010 pg. 157 18. ^Souvenir of Canada, Volume 1. Douglas Coupland. Douglas & McIntyre, 2004 19. ^{{cite video| people = Robertson, Ed & Frohman, Lorne (Interviewer/Host)| title = Distinguished Artists| medium = TV-series| publisher = Humber College School of Media Studies| location = Toronto, Canada| date = 2005 }} 20. ^Profile of Paul Martin for The National. CBC.ca June 2004. 21. ^"Kraft Dinner can’t dispute that Canadians associate it with cheap eats" Yahoo News. Thu, 21 Apr, 2011 22. ^https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/students-protest-against-government-cuts/article25454567/ 23. ^http://overtheedgenewspaper.ca/the-tragedy-of-kraft-dinner/ 24. ^https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/kraft-dinner-mentions-must-stop-teacher-told-1.1001858 25. ^1 {{cite news |author=D.L. Stewart |date=8 June 2010 |work=Dayton Daily News |url=http://www.daytondailynews.com/lifestyle/now-krafty-ads-are-targeting-adults-752994.html |title=Now Kraft ads are targeting adults |accessdate=19 June 2010}} 26. ^{{cite news |first=Emily Bryson |last=York |date=17 November 2008 |work=Advertising Age |url=http://adage.com/article?article_id=132451 |title=Kraft Mac & Cheese: A Marketing 50 Case Study |accessdate=19 June 2010}} 27. ^{{cite news |title=Burger King's new meal: apple 'fries,' mac and cheese |url=http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20080701/BIZ/315658555 |accessdate=17 June 2010 |newspaper=The Herald |date=1 July 2008 |agency=Associated Press |location=Everett, Washington}} 28. ^{{cite web|title=Kraft Dinner Smart|url=http://www.kraftcanada.com/en/Products/J-L/KraftDinnerSmart.aspx|publisher=Kraft Canada Inc.|accessdate=25 November 2011}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.culinate.com/books/book_reviews/The+American+Century+Cookbook|title=Review: The American Century Cookbook by Jean Anderson|author=Keri Fisher|publisher=|accessdate=12 August 2015}} 30. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/business/media/27adco.html |title=Kraft Hopes to Encourage Adults to Revert to a Childhood Favorite |last=Stuart |first=Elliot |work=The New York Times |date=May 26, 2010 |accessdate=28 May 2010}} 31. ^{{cite news |title=Irving officials make Kraft Macaroni & Cheese official sponsor of Texas Stadium demolition|author=Wendy Hundley|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/DN-kraftimplode_01met.ART.State.Edition1.4bc22c5.html|newspaper=The Dallas Morning News|date=January 1, 2010|accessdate=January 5, 2011}} 32. ^{{cite news |title=Terrell boy wins essay contest to trigger Texas Stadium implosion|author=Brandon Formby|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/latestnews/stories/030910dnmetcheddarexplosion.40e644c.html|newspaper=The Dallas Morning News|date=March 9, 2010|accessdate=January 5, 2011}} 33. ^{{cite web |publisher=Kraft Foods USA |url=http://www.kraftbrands.com/macandcheese/products/bluebox/pages/the-cheesiest.aspx |title=Kraft Macaroni & Cheese - Blue Box |accessdate=14 June 2010}} 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://whatisthatingredient.com/product.php?id=22|title=What ingredients are in KRAFT ORIGINAL FLAVOR MACARONI & CHEESE DINNER|publisher=|accessdate=12 August 2015}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2013/03/kraft-mac-cheese-dye-annies-cheez|title=Kraft Mac & Cheese Is Nutritionally Equivalent to Cheez-Its|work=Mother Jones|accessdate=12 August 2015}} External links
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6 : American cuisine|Canadian cuisine|Kraft Foods brands|Pasta dishes|Products introduced in 1937|Dinner |
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