| 词条 | Kraljevo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Kraljevo | native_name = Град Краљево | native_name_lang = sr | official_name = City of Kraljevo | other_name = | settlement_type = City | image_shield = Kraljevo-grb.png | image_flag = | image_skyline ={{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Kraljevo, muzeum.jpg | photo2a =Edu viki kamp 2017, Vrnjačka Banja 14.jpg | photo2b = KV2011.JPG | photo3a =Maglic - Kraljevo.jpg | photo3b = Aerodrom Morava.jpg | photo4a = Жича.jpg | photo4b = Edu viki kamp 2017, Vrnjačka Banja 03.jpg | size = 270 | spacing = 1 | color = #FFFFFF | border = 1 | foot_montage = From top: Kraljevo City Museum, The church of the Holy Trinity, Main pedestrian street, Maglič Fortress, Morava Airport, Žiča Monastery, Archive in Kraljevo}} | image_map = Municipalities of Serbia Kraljevo.png | map_caption = Location of the city of Kraljevo within Serbia | mapsize = | coordinates = {{coord|43|43|25|N|20|41|15|E|region:RS|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Serbia}} | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Šumadija and Western Serbia | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Raška | parts_type = Settlements | parts_style = para | p1 = 92 | leader_party = SNS | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Predrag Terzic[1] | unit_pref = Metric | area_rank = 2nd in Serbia | area_blank1_title = Urban | area_blank1_km2 = 24.43 | area_blank2_title = Administrative | area_blank2_km2 = 1529.55 | area_footnotes = [2] | elevation_m = 192 | elevation_min_m = | elevation_max_m = | population_footnotes = [3] | population_as_of = 2011 census | population_rank = 8th in Serbia | population_blank1_title = Urban | population_blank1 = 68749 | population_density_blank1_km2 = auto | population_blank2_title = Administrative | population_blank2 = 125488 | population_density_blank2_km2 = auto | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | iso_code = SRB | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 36000 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = +381(0)36 | blank_name = Car plates | blank_info = KV | website = {{url|http://www.kraljevo.rs/}} }} Kraljevo ({{lang-sr-cyr|Краљево}}; {{IPA-sh|krǎːʎɛʋɔ||Kraljevo.ogg}}) is a city in central Serbia and the administrative center of the Raška District in central Serbia. It is situated on the confluence of West Morava and Ibar, in the geographical region of Šumadija, between the mountains of Kotlenik in the north, and Stolovi in the south. In 2011 the city urban area has a population of 68,749 inhabitants, while the city administrative area has 125,488 inhabitants. With an area of 1530 km², it is the largest municipality (after Belgrade) in Serbia by area. NameFormerly known as Rudo Polje (Рудо Поље), Karanovac (Карановац) and Rankovićevo (Ранковићево), Kraljevo received its present name, meaning "the King's Town", from King Milan I of Serbia in honor of his own coronation and six Serbian kings that had been crowned in that area. The modern coat of arms of the city features seven crowns symbolizing the seven kings. History and sightsThe "lower" Ibar region is thought to be the first area where Serbs began to develop cultural, political and economic life. The Serbian state of Raška was formed in the 11th century, centered around the old city of Ras in the area of today's Novi Pazar. There are numerous monasteries in the Kraljevo area, Studenica (1188), Gradac and Stara Pavlica. There is also a medieval fortress known as Maglič. Monastery of Žiča (1219) was the original seat of Serbian Archbishop was used for the crowning of Serbian kings. The village of Rudo Polje, from which Kraljevo arose, was settled during the 14th century. This area was occupied by the Turks between 1458 and 1459. During the Turkish rule Rudo Polje became known as Karanovac. Karanovac became an important settlement during the war between Austria and Turkey in the period between 1718 and 1739. After 1718, a border between Austria and Turkey was established along right bank of river Morava, which led to Karanovac becoming a place of refuge for Turks who were fleeing from the Austrians. During the first uprising of the Serbs in 1805, Karanovac was heavily damaged and most of the Turkish population left, leaving the Serbs to continue development of the city during the period following the uprising. After the Second Serbian uprising, liberated Karanovac became the country capital in 1819 under the rule of Prince Miloš Obrenović. In that period the Orthodox Cathedral of the Holy Trinity was built; Gospodar Vasin konak, a mansion used by wealthy guests, as well as a number of significant public buildings. Kraljevo received the first urban plan, and became an important economic city. In 1882 King Milan Obrenović, establishing the Kingdom of Serbia, in honor of his coronation, changed Karanovac name to Kraljevo, and gave the order for restoration of rather dilapidated monastery Žiča. In 1919, Nikolaj Velimirović, was consecrated Bishop of Žiča and spent a brief period in the city. He returned again in 1935, and stayed until 1941. He rebuilt and enlarged the monastery. During World War II Kraljevo was occupied by the German army. In 1941, local resistance fighters attacked a German garrison stationed near Kraljevo and killed 10 soldiers. In retaliation for the attack the Wehrmacht carried out the Kraljevo massacre, killing 2,000 residents of the city. A memorial complex constructed in the 1970s today commemorates the site of the massacre. In November 1944, heavy battles were fought in Kraljevo and its surrounding areas culminating in the city's liberation on 29 November 1944. During the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999 the Lađevci Airport located near Kraljevo was bombed. One prominent feature of the area is the Coronation church which belongs to the Žiča monastery. Seven Serbian kings are said to have been crowned (the seven crowns on the city coat of arms represent this assumption) in the church. The church is Byzantine in style, and has been partially restored, with only the main tower remaining from the original building dating to 1210, when it was founded by Saint Sava, the patron saint of Serbia. The famous monastery of Studenica, {{convert|39|km|0|abbr=on}} south west of Kraljevo, stands high among the south-western mountains, overlooking the Studenica, a tributary of the Ibar. It consists of a group of old-fashioned timber and plaster buildings, a tall belfry, and a diminutive church of white marble, founded in 1190 by King Stefan Nemanja, who became a monk and was canonized as Saint Simeon. The carvings around the north, south and west doors have been partially defaced by the Turks. The inner walls are decorated with Byzantine frescoes, among which only a painting of the Last Supper, and the portraits of five saints remain from the original artwork. The dome and narthex are modern additions. The silver shrine of Saint Simeon sits within the church, along with many gold and silver ornaments, church vessels and old manuscripts, and a set of vestments and a reliquary, believed by the monks to have been the property of Saint Sava who founded the first hospital in Studenica in the 13th century. In various historical periods, Kraljevo was part of various administrative formats within Serbia, for example in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, as part of Northern Serbia, during the time of Kingdom of Yugoslavia as part of the Moravian Banovina, etc., and today it is officially part of Sumadija & Western Serbia Region 2010 earthquake{{main article|2010 Serbia earthquake}}Kraljevo was shaken by a Mw 5.4 earthquake on 3 November 2010. Two people died and over 100 suffered light injuries. A number of buildings suffered damage, and several hundreds, chiefly older buildings, were rendered unusable.[4][5] There were several weaker aftershocks including a 4.3 {{M|w|link=y}} earthquake on November 4.[6][7] Demographics{{Historical populations| percentages = pagr |1948|76657 |1953|82454 |1961|91580 |1971|106153 |1981|121622 |1991|125772 |2002|121707 |2011|125488 | source = [8] }} According to the 2011 census results, a total of 125,488 inhabitants live in the city administrative area of Kraljevo. The city of Kraljevo has 41,358 households with 3,03 members on average, while the number of homes is 53,367.[9] Religion structure in the city of Kraljevo is predominantly Serbian Orthodox (120,240), with minorities like Muslims (532), Atheists (487), Catholics (286), Protestants (82) and others.[10] Most of the population speaks Serbian language (122,007).[10] The composition of population by sex and average age:[10]
A total of 53,137 citizens (older than 15 years) have secondary education (49.78%), while the 15,281 citizens have higher education (14.31%). Of those with higher education, 9,326 (8.73%) have university education.[11] Ethnic groupsThe ethnic composition in the city of Kraljevo, according to the 2011 census:[12]
SettlementsAt {{convert|1530|km2|0|abbr=out}} Kraljevo is the largest municipality of Serbia by area. Apart from the urban area, the city administrative area includes 92 settlements: {{div col|colwidth=13em}}
Of those, Adrani, Centar, Čibukovac, Grdica, Higijenski Zavod, Jarčujak, Konarevo, Mataruge, Mataruška Banja, Metikoš, Ratina, Ribnica, Stara Čaršija, Vitanovac, Vrba, Zaklopača, Zelengora and Žiča lie within the proper city limits. EconomyThe following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2017):[13]
TourismSince 1990 an annual regatta called "Joyful downhill" (Veseli spust) is held on the Ibar river. The course is {{convert|25|km|abbr=on}} long, starts at the Maglič fortress and ends in Kraljevo. It is held in the early July and in 2017 it was attended by over 300 boats and 5,000 people. Inaugural regatta in 1990 had 150 participants, but the number grew to 10,000 in 2004–06 and 20,000 in 2008.[14][15] SportThe most popular sports in Kraljevo are basketball, volleyball and football. The town is known as "Serbian Bologna" because it is home of KK Sloga and KK Mašinac both playing in Top Serbian basketball division - Naša Sinalko Liga. Kraljevo's volleyball team OK Ribnica recently became one of the best teams in Serbia. FK Sloga Kraljevo is the best Kraljevo football team. Climate{{Weather box|width = auto |location = Kraljevo (1981–2010, extremes 1961–2010) |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan record high C = 20.0 |Feb record high C = 23.4 |Mar record high C = 30.3 |Apr record high C = 32.1 |May record high C = 34.6 |Jun record high C = 39.2 |Jul record high C = 43.6 |Aug record high C = 41.0 |Sep record high C = 37.3 |Oct record high C = 32.8 |Nov record high C = 28.6 |Dec record high C = 22.0 |year record high C = 43.6 |Jan high C = 4.4 |Feb high C = 7.2 |Mar high C = 12.4 |Apr high C = 17.9 |May high C = 22.9 |Jun high C = 25.9 |Jul high C = 28.4 |Aug high C = 28.6 |Sep high C = 23.7 |Oct high C = 18.1 |Nov high C = 10.9 |Dec high C = 5.4 |year high C = 17.2 |Jan mean C = 0.3 |Feb mean C = 2.3 |Mar mean C = 6.8 |Apr mean C = 11.8 |May mean C = 16.7 |Jun mean C = 19.8 |Jul mean C = 21.8 |Aug mean C = 21.5 |Sep mean C = 16.8 |Oct mean C = 11.8 |Nov mean C = 6.0 |Dec mean C = 1.6 |year mean C = 11.5 |Jan low C = -3.2 |Feb low C = -2.0 |Mar low C = 1.7 |Apr low C = 5.9 |May low C = 10.5 |Jun low C = 13.7 |Jul low C = 15.1 |Aug low C = 15.0 |Sep low C = 11.1 |Oct low C = 6.8 |Nov low C = 2.0 |Dec low C = -1.7 |year low C = 6.2 |Jan record low C = -24.0 |Feb record low C = -23.6 |Mar record low C = -14.4 |Apr record low C = -6.3 |May record low C = -1.6 |Jun record low C = 2.9 |Jul record low C = 7.0 |Aug record low C = 3.1 |Sep record low C = -1.8 |Oct record low C = -5.6 |Nov record low C = -17.4 |Dec record low C = -19.2 |year record low C = -24.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 45.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 45.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 52.9 |Apr precipitation mm = 62.6 |May precipitation mm = 71.2 |Jun precipitation mm = 92.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 76.8 |Aug precipitation mm = 64.9 |Sep precipitation mm = 59.1 |Oct precipitation mm = 57.3 |Nov precipitation mm = 56.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 56.1 |year precipitation mm = 740.3 |Jan humidity = 81 |Feb humidity = 75 |Mar humidity = 69 |Apr humidity = 66 |May humidity = 69 |Jun humidity = 70 |Jul humidity = 68 |Aug humidity = 68 |Sep humidity = 74 |Oct humidity = 77 |Nov humidity = 79 |Dec humidity = 83 |year humidity = 73 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 13 |Feb precipitation days = 13 |Mar precipitation days = 13 |Apr precipitation days = 13 |May precipitation days = 14 |Jun precipitation days = 13 |Jul precipitation days = 10 |Aug precipitation days = 9 |Sep precipitation days = 10 |Oct precipitation days = 10 |Nov precipitation days = 11 |Dec precipitation days = 14 |year precipitation days = 143 |Jan snow days = 9 |Feb snow days = 9 |Mar snow days = 6 |Apr snow days = 1 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 4 |Dec snow days = 8 |year snow days = 37 |Jan sun = 57.6 |Feb sun = 86.6 |Mar sun = 133.3 |Apr sun = 160.3 |May sun = 214.3 |Jun sun = 225.8 |Jul sun = 267.1 |Aug sun = 257.5 |Sep sun = 181.3 |Oct sun = 137.3 |Nov sun = 76.8 |Dec sun = 44.8 |year sun = 1841.8 |source 1 = Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia[16] |date = March 2018 }} Famous residentsNBA player Vlade Divac started his career in Kraljevo, while playing for Sloga basketball club (his wife is from Kraljevo). He now donates to the club. Another NBA player, Nenad Krstić was born in Kraljevo, and played for "Mašinac" basketball club from Kraljevo. Kraljevo is the birthplace of international footballer Aleksandar Luković.International relationsTwin towns — Sister cities{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Serbia}}Kraljevo is twinned with:
GallerySee also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Srbija/475090/Novi-gradonacelnik-Kraljeva-Tomislav-Ilic-iz-Nove-Srbije|title=Novi gradonačelnik Kraljeva Tomislav Ilić iz Nove Srbije|website=Blic|language=Serbian|date=20 June 2014|accessdate=12 April 2015}} 2. ^{{Serbian municipalities 2006}} 3. ^{{Serbian census 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.danas.rs/danasrs/hronika/zemljotres_kod_kraljeva_dve_osobe_poginule_video.3.html?news_id=202836|title=OCP Error page|website=www.danas.rs}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-11/03/c_13588946.htm|title=2 killed in earthquake in central Serbia|publisher=}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/125/Dru%C5%A1tvo/789388/Dan+posle+zemljotresa|title=Dan posle zemljotresa|first=RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of|last=Serbia|publisher=}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usb0000anx.php|title=Magnitude 4.3 - SERBIA|publisher=}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia |url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Knjiga20.pdf |website=stat.gov.rs |publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia |accessdate=11 January 2017 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714191241/http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Knjiga20.pdf |archivedate=14 July 2014 |df= }} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Number and the floor space of housing units|url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Knjiga%2022_Broj%20i%20povrsina%20stambenih%20jedinica-Number%20and%20the%20floor%20space%20of%20housing%20units.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia|accessdate=21 March 2018|language=Serbian}} 10. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Religion, Mother tongue, and Ethnicity|url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Knjiga4_Veroispovest.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia|accessdate=21 March 2018|language=Serbian}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Educational attainment, literacy and computer literacy|url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Skolska%20sprema,%20pismenost%20i%20kompjuterska%20pismenost-Educational%20attainment,%20literacy%20and%20computer%20literacy%20.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia|accessdate=21 March 2018|language=Serbian}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији |url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Nacionalna%20pripadnost-Ethnicity.pdf |website=stat.gov.rs |publisher=Republički zavod za statistiku |accessdate=15 December 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811224233/http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Nacionalna%20pripadnost-Ethnicity.pdf |archivedate=11 August 2014 |df= }} 13. ^{{cite web|title=ОПШТИНЕ И РЕГИОНИ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ, 2018.|url=http://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2018/Pdf/G201813045.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia|accessdate=24 February 2019|language=Serbian}} 14. ^{{Citation | last = | first = | author = M.Dugalić | title = Veseli spust uz povoljan vetar | newspaper = Politika | pages = 05 | language = Serbian | date = 3 July 2017 | url = }} 15. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.rts.rs/page/magazine/sr/story/511/zanimljivosti/1967880/veseli-spust-niz-ibar.html |author= |title= Veseli spust niz Ibar |date=4 July 2015| publisher= Radio Television Serbia|language=Serbian}} 16. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/eng/meteorologija/stanica_sr.php?moss_id=13376| title= Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1981–2010| language = Serbian| publisher = Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia| accessdate = March 13, 2018}} 17. ^{{cite web | url =http://www.zielonagora.pl/PL/1111/# | title = Zielona Góra Miasta partnerskie | accessdate = 2013-06-24 | work = Urząd Miasta Zielona Góra}} External links{{commons category|Kraljevo}}
4 : Populated places in Raška District|Šumadija|Municipalities and cities of Šumadija and Western Serbia|Kraljevo |
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