| 词条 | LEED for Neighborhood Development |
| 释义 |
LEED for Neighborhood Development (LEED-ND), where "LEED" stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is a United States-based rating system that integrates the principles of smart growth, urbanism and green building into a national system for neighborhood design. LEED certification provides independent, third-party verification that a development's location and design meet accepted high levels of environmentally responsible, sustainable development. The LEED-ND system is a collaboration between the United States Green Building Council, the Congress for the New Urbanism and the Natural Resources Defense Council.[1][2][3][4][5] Significance of LEED-ND certificationLEED for Neighborhood Development recognizes development projects that successfully protect and enhance the overall health, natural environment and quality of life. The rating system encourages smart growth and New Urbanism[3] best practices by:
Cities are increasingly using LEED-ND certification to accelerate the development of certified projects.[3] Project typesLEED for Neighborhood Development is designed to certify exemplary development projects that perform well in terms of smart growth, urbanism, and green building. Projects may constitute whole neighborhoods, portions of neighborhoods, or multiple neighborhoods. Projects are often mixed-use, though small single-use projects that complement existing neighborhood uses may also use the rating system. Local jurisdictions should not use LEED-ND as a replacement for comprehensive planning, however, many local jurisdictions may find that LEED for Neighborhood Development is a meaningful tool to help promote sustainable land development if incentivized or used as a guideline when revising local codes and regulations. Site TypesBefore categorization, the neighborhood is defined by its site type depending on "where the boundary is set, the status of land inside the boundary, and the status of properties surrounding the boundary."[7] The following sites are acceptable for LEED-ND:
Credit CategoriesThe following credit categories are included in the rating system:
Stages of certificationLEED for Neighborhood Development differs from other commercial and residential LEED rating systems as it has three stages of certification that relate to phases of real-estate development:
LEED-ND and other LEED rating systemsAll LEED-ND projects are required to have at least one certified green building. "...the LEED rating for new construction requires developers to complete a detailed checklist and awards 64 possible points for green building practices." [10] Basic certification requires 40-49 points, silver 50-59 points, gold 60-79 points, and 80+ points for platinum certification.[11] Points are also available within the LEED for Neighborhood Development rating system for having certified green buildings in the development and for integrating green building and infrastructure practices within the project. These credits relate to energy efficiency, reduced water use, building reuse, recycled materials, and heat island reduction.[12]See also
References1. ^http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=148 2. ^{{cite journal |last=Sharifi |first=Ayyoob |author2=Murayama, Akito |title=A critical review of seven selected neighborhood sustainability assessment tools |journal=Environmental Impact Assessment Review |year=2013 |volume=38 |pages=73–87 |doi=10.1016/j.eiar.2012.06.006 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195925512000558}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49f234rd|author=Boeing|title=LEED-ND and Livability Revisited|journal=Berkeley Planning Journal|date=2014|volume=27|pages=31–55|accessdate=2015-03-04|display-authors=etal}} 4. ^{{cite journal |last=Sharifi |first=Ayyoob |author2=Akito Murayama |title=Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment in Action: Cross-Evaluation of Three Assessment Systems and Their Cases from the US, the UK, and Japan |journal=Building and Environment |volume=72 |pages=243–258 |doi=10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.11.006 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036013231300320X|year=2014 }} 5. ^{{cite journal |last=Sharifi |first=Ayyoob |author2=Murayama, Akito |title=Viability of using global standards for neighbourhood sustainability assessment: insights from a comparative case study |journal=Journal of Environmental Planning and Management |volume=58 |date=28 January 2014 |pages=1–23 |doi=10.1080/09640568.2013.866077}} 6. ^https://www.usgbc.org/sites/all/assets/section/files/v4-guide-excerpts/Excerpt_v4_ND.pdf 7. ^https://www.usgbc.org/sites/all/assets/section/files/v4-guide-excerpts/Excerpt_v4_ND.pdf 8. ^https://www.usgbc.org/sites/all/assets/section/files/v4-guide-excerpts/Excerpt_v4_ND.pdf 9. ^Howe, J. Cullen., et al. “Chapter Eight: Site Selection and Land Use Planning.” The Law of Green Buildings: Regulatory and Legal Issues in Design, Construction, Operations, and Financing, American Bar Association, Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources, 2010, p. 199. 10. ^Wheeler, Stephen M. “Chapter 14: Green Architecture and Building.” Planning for Sustainability: Creating Livable, Equitable and Ecological Communities, 2nd ed., Routledge, 2013, pp. 194–196. 11. ^https://www.usgbc.org/articles/whats-difference-between-leed-credit-leed-prerequisite-and-leed-point 12. ^http://www.usgbc.org/ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=6423 1 : Urban design |
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