| 词条 | Krivichs |
| 释义 |
The Krivichs (Kryvichs) ({{lang-be|Крывічы, Kryvičý}}, {{IPA-be|kɾɨviˈt͡ʃɨ:|IPA}}; {{lang-rus|Кри́вичи|p=krʲɪvʲɪˈtɕi}}) was one of the tribal unions of Early East Slavs between the 6th and the 12th centuries.[1] They migrated to the mostly Finnic areas in the upper reaches of the Volga, Dniapro, Dźvina, areas south of the lower reaches of river Velikaya and parts of the Nioman basin.[2] EtymologyMany historians suggest that the name of the tribe probably stems from that of their legendary forefather Kriv, possibly a kniaz or a voivode. According to Max Vasmer, this sobriquet was derived from the Slavic adjective krivoy ("crooked/twisted") due to some possible birth defect. Jan Stankievič believed it was derived from the adjective "kroŭ", "kryvi" ("blood"), hence, "kryvič" would mean "blood relationship". HistoryThe Krivichs left many archaeological monuments, such as the remnants of agricultural settlements with traces of ironworks, jeweler's art, blacksmith's work and other handicrafts; long burial mounds of the 6th to 9th centuries with cremated bodies; burial mounds of rich warriors with weapons; sets of distinctive jewelry (bracelet-like temporal rings and glass beads made out of stretched wire). By the end of the first millennium, the Krivichs had already had well-developed farming and cattle-breeding. Having settled around the Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, the Krivichs traded with the Varangians. Their chief tribal centres were Gnezdovo, Izborsk, and Polotsk. The Krivichs as a tribe took part in Oleg's and Igor's military campaigns against the Byzantine Empire. They are also mentioned in De Administrando Imperio as Krivitzoi (Κριβιτζοί). Modern uses of the name
See also
References1. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=CquTz6ps5YgC&pg=PA88&dq=krivichis#v=onepage&q=krivichis&f=false|title=An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires|last=Olson|first=James Stuart|last2=Pappas|first2=Lee Brigance|last3=Pappas|first3=Nicholas Charles|date=1994|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=|isbn=9780313274978|location=|pages=88|language=en}} 2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=pLJCCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA327&dq=krivichis+6th#v=onepage&q=krivichi&f=false|title=The World of the Slavs : Studies of the East, West and South Slavs: Civitas, Oppidas, Villas and Archeological Evidence (7th to 11th Centuries AD)|last=Živković|first=Tibor|last2=Crnčević|first2=Dejan|last3=Bulić|first3=Dejan|last4=Petrović|first4=Vladeta|last5=Cvijanović|first5=Irena|last6=Radovanović|first6=Bojana|date=2013-07-01|publisher=Istorijski institut|year=|isbn=9788677431044|location=|pages=327|language=en}} 1 : East Slavic tribes |
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