| 词条 | Lemon squeezer |
| 释义 |
A lemon squeezer is a small kitchen utensil designed to extract juice from lemons or other citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruit, or lime. It is designed to separate and crush the pulp of the fruit in a way that is easy to operate. Lemon squeezers can be made from any solid, acid-resistant material, such as plastic, glass, metal (usually aluminium) or ceramic. HistoryThe oldest known lemon squeezers were found in Kütahya, Turkey and date to the first quarter of the 18th century.[1] These ceramic presses are in the traditional style of Turkish pottery of the 18th century and have a superficial resemblance to today's press equipment with cones, though they are designed differently. These examples were individually made, and specially designed for making the then popular citrus drink sorbet. Lemons are not native to northern Turkey, though during the 17th and 18th centuries they were imported in bulk to Constantinople.[1] At the end of the 19th century a large number of different models of lemon squeezers were patented in the United States. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office lists over 200 patents for lemon squeezers, the majority of which were registered between 1880 and 1910. The oldest of these patents was issued to Lewis S. Chichester on July 3, 1860 for a cast iron squeezer. The stated purpose of the invention was "to obtain a simple, economical and durable implement whereby lemons may be squeezed for domestic purposes with much less power and with far greater facility than by the ordinary squeezers in general use."[2] As a decorative object[3][4] For the tenth anniversary of its launch, 10,000 were individually numbered and gold plated. There has also been a grey/black (Anthracite) coloured version of which 47,000 un-numbered examples were produced between 1991 and 2004.[5] Both now are collectors items, though an urban legend perpetuates that the anthracite version is rarer than the gold plated version. The gold plated version was described as an ornament because the citric acid in a lemon discolors and erodes the gold plating. Starck even said his squeezer was, "not meant to squeeze lemons" but "to start conversations".[6] For this reason, Starck's Juicy Salif was featured on the front cover of Donald Norman's book Emotional Design. If the "Juicy Salif" has become an icon of post-modernism following the debate it engendered, other designers have also developed highly innovative citrus squeezer. They respond to new usage scenarios by considering the ergonomics of their product as important as aesthetics. In 1999, the German producer {{Interlanguage link multi|Koziol (company)|de|3=Koziol|lt=Koziol}} launched "Ahoi", a lemon juicer inspired by paper boats and designed by the Italian architect Paolo Pedrizzetti. In 2009, Joseph Joseph introduced the "Catcher", a pestle squeezer that filters out seeds, designed by Graeme Davies. In 2011, the Dutch company Royal VKB introduced the "Citrange", a playful double sided hand juicer which can be placed straight onto the glass, designed by the Belgian designer Quentin de Coster.[7] In 2012, the Spanish brand Lékué launched its "Citrus Spray", a juicer that works like a spray from the creators Rojeski Disseny and Joan Alberto Arza.[8] See also{{Portal|Design}}
References1. ^1 John Carswell: "The Lemon-Squeezer; an Unique Form of Turkish Pottery" in IVème congrès international d’art turc, p. 29–45. Éditions de l’Université de Provence, Aix-en-Provence 1971, {{ISBN|2-85399-015-X}} 2. ^US Patent No. 28967 at Google Patents 3. ^Hive: Juicy Salif 4. ^{{cite web|url = http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database/?irn=9354|title = 'Juicy Salif' lemon squeezer by Philippe Starck for Alessi, 1990|accessdate = 27 November 2008|year = 2000|publisher = Powerhouse Museum}} 5. ^Alessi Company Archive 6. ^{{cite book|last = Norman|first = Donald Arthur|authorlink = Don Norman|title = Emotional Design|year = 2005|publisher = Basic Books|isbn = 0-465-05136-7|page = 114}} 7. ^Citrange {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811020101/http://royalvkb.kempen-begeer.nl/productdet.asp?catid=1364 |date=2016-08-11 }}, Royal VKB 8. ^[https://www.lekue.com/eu/cookware/single-citrus-spray-lekue.html Lékué "Citrus Spray"] External links
3 : Cooking utensils|Food preparation appliances|Lemons |
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