| 词条 | Kruševac | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Kruševac | official_name = City of Kruševac | native_name = Град Крушевац | native_name_lang = sr | other_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Ks panorama1.jpg | photo2a = Zgrada okružnog načelstva u Kruševcu 15.JPG | photo2b = Slobodiste 01.jpg | photo3a = J26 147 Lazar-Denkmal.jpg | photo3b = Kruševac, náměstí III.jpg | photo4a = J26 146 Lazarica.jpg | photo4b = Kruševac, hrad.jpg | size = 260 | spacing = 1 | color = #FFFFFF | border = 1 | foot_montage = From top: Panorama of Kruševac, Town Hall, Slobodište Memorial Complex, Lazar Hrebeljanović's statue, The Kosovo Heroes monument, Lazarica Church, Kruševac Fortress}} | image_caption = | image_flag = FLAG Kruševac.png | image_shield = COA Kruševac.png | image_map = Municipalities of Serbia Kruševac.png | mapsize = | map_caption = Location of the city of Kruševac within Serbia | coordinates = {{coord|43|35|N|21|19|E|region:RS|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Serbia}} | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name1 = Šumadija and Western Serbia | subdivision_name2 = Rasina | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1371 | founder = Lazar of Serbia | parts_type = Settlements | parts_style = para | p1 = 101 | leader_party = SNS | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Jasmina Palurović | area_footnotes = [1] | area_blank1_title = Urban | area_blank1_km2 = 11.30 | area_blank2_title = Administrative | area_blank2_km2 = 854 | area_rank = 20th in Serbia | elevation_m = 163 | population_as_of = 2011 census | population_footnotes = [2] | population_rank = 14th in Serbia | population_blank1_title = Urban | population_blank1 = 58745 | population_density_blank1_km2 = auto | population_blank2_title = Administrative | population_blank2 = 128752 | population_density_blank2_km2 = auto | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 37000 | area_code = +381(0)37 | area_code_type = Area code | website = {{url|www.krusevac.rs}} | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | blank_name = Car plates | blank_info = KŠ }} Kruševac ({{lang-sr-cyr|Крушевац}} {{IPA-sh|krûʃeʋats||Krusevac.ogg}}) is a city and the administrative center of the Rasina District in central Serbia. It is located in the valley of West Morava, on Rasina river. According to the 2011 census, the city administrative area has a population of 128,752, while the urban area has 58,745 inhabitants. The city was founded in 1371, by Prince Lazar of Serbia (1371–1389), who used it as his seat. EtymologyThe etymology is derived from the Serbian word for "river stone", krušac which was largely used for a building at that time. HistoryKruševac was founded in 1371, as a fortified town in the possession of Lord Lazar Hrebeljanović. The Lazarica Church (or Church of St, Stephen) was built by Lazar between 1375–78, in the Morava architectural style.[3] It is mentioned in one of Lazar's edicts in 1387, as his seat, when he affirmed the rights of Venetian merchants on Serbian territory. In preparation for the Battle of Kosovo (1389) against the Ottoman Empire, the Serbian army assembled in the city. The site of Lazar's palace is marked by a ruined enclosure containing a fragment of the tower of his spouse Princess Milica, and, according to legend, tidings of the defeat were brought to her by crows from the battlefield. After the battle, the city was held by Princess Milica as her seat. The little that remains of Lazar's city is the Kruševac Fortress, which was declared a Cultural Monument of Exceptional Importance in 1979.[4] Several old Ottoman houses were left at the beginning of the 20th century, besides an old Turkish fountain and bath, which was known as Alacahisar (Aladža Hisar) during Ottoman rule between 1427–1833 (nominally to 1867) when Kruševac was the seat of the Sanjak of Kruševac. The Ottoman rule was interrupted during Austrian occupations between 1688–1690 and 1717–1739. A large monument dedicated to the fallen Serbs at the Battle of Kosovo was sculpted by Petar Ubaković (1852–1910). A part of the monument is also a statue of the famous blind Serbian poet Filip Višnjić. During World War II there was a mass executions of patriots and antifascists on hill Bagdala. Largest execution was in summer of 1943. At place of executions now is a monument named Slobodište (from the serbian word "sloboda" what means freedom). Kruševac was liberated on 14. october when chetnik collaborators and Germans together left the city. Kruševac had a large progress during period of SFRY. That period, large number of factories were built and Kruševac become one of strongest industrial centrals in Serbia and Yugoslavia. Machine factory IMK 14. oktobar Kruševac employed around 7,000 workers. But large Kruševac industry have not survived the NATO bombing and post-Milošević transition. In 2002 alone 5 factories went bankrupt.[5] From 2002 to 2014 27 factories closed and around 11,000 workers lost their jobs[6]. The unemployment rate in Kruševac is 39%.[7] SettlementsAside from the urban area of Kruševac, the city administrative area includes the following 100 settlements: {{div col|colwidth=10em}}
Demographics{{Historical populations| type = | percentages = pagr |1948|87853 |1953|94827 |1961|103190 |1971|118016 |1981|132972 |1991|138111 |2002|131368 |2011|128752 | source = [8] }} According to the 2011 census results, the city of Kruševac has a total population of 128,752 inhabitants. Ethnic groupsThe ethnic composition of the city administrative area:[9]
EconomyThe most notable large companies based in the city of Kruševac are: Trayal Corporation, 14. oktobar, Rubin and Cooper Tire & Rubber Company Serbia. As of September 2017, Kruševac has one of 14 free economic zones established in Serbia.[10] The following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2017):[11]
PoliticsSeats in the city parliament won in the 2016 local elections:
SportsThe city's main football club is FK Napredak Kruševac, who regularly play in the Serbian SuperLiga. Climate{{Weather box|width = auto |location = Kruševac (1981–2010, extremes 1961–2010) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 20.4 |Feb record high C = 24.2 |Mar record high C = 29.6 |Apr record high C = 31.9 |May record high C = 35.5 |Jun record high C = 39.6 |Jul record high C = 43.7 |Aug record high C = 42.4 |Sep record high C = 36.8 |Oct record high C = 33.8 |Nov record high C = 27.4 |Dec record high C = 21.7 |year record high C = 43.7 |Jan high C = 4.6 |Feb high C = 7.2 |Mar high C = 12.5 |Apr high C = 18.0 |May high C = 23.1 |Jun high C = 26.4 |Jul high C = 28.7 |Aug high C = 29.0 |Sep high C = 24.1 |Oct high C = 18.5 |Nov high C = 11.4 |Dec high C = 5.6 |year high C = 17.4 |Jan mean C = 0.2 |Feb mean C = 2.0 |Mar mean C = 6.6 |Apr mean C = 11.8 |May mean C = 16.8 |Jun mean C = 20.0 |Jul mean C = 21.8 |Aug mean C = 21.5 |Sep mean C = 16.8 |Oct mean C = 11.6 |Nov mean C = 5.9 |Dec mean C = 1.6 |year mean C = 11.4 |Jan low C = -3.4 |Feb low C = -2.3 |Mar low C = 1.5 |Apr low C = 5.6 |May low C = 10.2 |Jun low C = 13.5 |Jul low C = 14.9 |Aug low C = 14.6 |Sep low C = 10.7 |Oct low C = 6.3 |Nov low C = 1.6 |Dec low C = -1.9 |year low C = 5.9 |Jan record low C = -28.1 |Feb record low C = -23.7 |Mar record low C = -17.2 |Apr record low C = -6.1 |May record low C = -1.1 |Jun record low C = 2.9 |Jul record low C = 5.8 |Aug record low C = 3.0 |Sep record low C = -3.0 |Oct record low C = -7.3 |Nov record low C = -21.4 |Dec record low C = -23.9 |year record low C = -28.1 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 40.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 39.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 48.4 |Apr precipitation mm = 56.6 |May precipitation mm = 56.9 |Jun precipitation mm = 71.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 55.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 49.8 |Sep precipitation mm = 50.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 49.3 |Nov precipitation mm = 56.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 55.1 |year precipitation mm = 628.1 |Jan humidity = 85 |Feb humidity = 79 |Mar humidity = 73 |Apr humidity = 71 |May humidity = 72 |Jun humidity = 72 |Jul humidity = 70 |Aug humidity = 69 |Sep humidity = 74 |Oct humidity = 79 |Nov humidity = 81 |Dec humidity = 85 |year humidity = 76 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 13 |Feb precipitation days = 12 |Mar precipitation days = 12 |Apr precipitation days = 13 |May precipitation days = 12 |Jun precipitation days = 11 |Jul precipitation days = 10 |Aug precipitation days = 8 |Sep precipitation days = 9 |Oct precipitation days = 9 |Nov precipitation days = 11 |Dec precipitation days = 14 |year precipitation days = 134 |Jan snow days = 8 |Feb snow days = 8 |Mar snow days = 4 |Apr snow days = 1 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 3 |Dec snow days = 7 |year snow days = 31 |Jan sun = 54.0 |Feb sun = 78.7 |Mar sun = 129.1 |Apr sun = 154.0 |May sun = 206.0 |Jun sun = 223.2 |Jul sun = 269.0 |Aug sun = 263.2 |Sep sun = 190.6 |Oct sun = 137.2 |Nov sun = 79.1 |Dec sun = 42.6 |year sun = 1826.7 |source 1 = Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia[12] |date=March 13 }} Famous residents
International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Serbia}}Twin towns — Sister citiesKruševac is twinned with:
Other forms of co-operation and city friendship similar to the twin/sister city programmes: GallerySee also
References1. ^{{Serbian municipalities 2006}} 2. ^{{Serbian census 2011}} 3. ^{{cite web |author=Filip Jovanovic i Djordje Banovic |url=http://www.lazarica.rs/Istorija.htm |title=Istorija – Crkva Lazarica – Kruševac – Srpska Pravoslavna Crkva |publisher=Lazarica.rs |date= |accessdate=26 March 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331172052/http://www.lazarica.rs/Istorija.htm |archivedate=31 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 4. ^{{CHS-SANU|Link=551|Name=ЦРКВА СВ.СТЕФАНА ЛАЗАРИЦА СА КРУШЕВАЧКИМ ГРАДОМ}} 5. ^http://krusevacgrad.rs/svi-nasi-porazi-vecina-krusevackih-restrukturasa-zavrsila-u-stecaju/ 6. ^http://krusevacgrad.rs/svi-nasi-porazi-vecina-krusevackih-restrukturasa-zavrsila-u-stecaju/ 7. ^http://www.blic.rs/vesti/politika/pajtic-krusevac-dotakao-dno-za-vreme-vlasti-sns/ed111nx 8. ^{{cite web|title=2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia |url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Knjiga20.pdf |website=stat.gov.rs |publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia |accessdate=11 January 2017 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714191241/http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Knjiga20.pdf |archivedate=14 July 2014 |df= }} 9. ^{{cite web|title=ETHNICITY Data by municipalities and cities|url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Nacionalna%20pripadnost-Ethnicity.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia|accessdate=20 February 2018}} 10. ^{{cite news |last1=Mikavica |first1=A. |title=Slobodne zone mamac za investitore |url=http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/388105/Slobodne-zone-mamac-za-investitore |accessdate=17 March 2019 |work=politika.rs |date=3 September 2017 |language=Serbian}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=ОПШТИНЕ И РЕГИОНИ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ, 2018.|url=http://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2018/Pdf/G201813045.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia|accessdate=16 March 2019|language=Serbian}} 12. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/eng/meteorologija/stanica_sr.php?moss_id=13383| title= Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1981 - 2010| language = Serbian| publisher = Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia| accessdate = March 13, 2017}} 13. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.allcorfu.com/in-trivia.html|title=AllCorfu.Com: Corfu's Twin Cities|work=allcorfu.com|accessdate=25 February 2010}} External links{{commons category|Kruševac}}
4 : Kruševac|Populated places in Rasina District|Municipalities and cities of Šumadija and Western Serbia|Former capitals of Serbia |
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