| 词条 | Leonid Trauberg |
| 释义 |
|image = Leonid_Trauberg.jpg |imagesize = | name = Leonid Trauberg | birthname = Leonid Zakharovich Trauberg | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1902|01|17}} | birth_place = Odessa, Russian Empire (now Ukraine) | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1990|11|14|1902|01|17}} | death_place = Moscow, Soviet Union (now Russia) | othername = | occupation = Film director Screenwriter | yearsactive = 1924 - 1961 }}Leonid Zakharovich Trauberg ({{lang-ru|Леонид Захарович Трауберг}}, 17 January 1902 – 14 November 1990) was a Ukrainian Soviet film director and screenwriter. He directed 17 films between 1924 and 1961 and was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1941. Trauberg was Jewish, and was fiercely attacked by Soviet authorities during the so-called "anti-cosmopolitan" period following World War II.[1] BiographyLeonid Trauberg was born January 17, 1902 (there is conflicting information that he was born the previous year {{sfn|Нусинова|2003}}) in Odessa. His father, Zahar Davidovich Trauberg (1879, Odessa - 1932, Leningrad) was a publisher and a journalist, an employee of "Southern Review" and "New Gazette" newspaper (1918), later director of the printing house LUCS (Leningrad Union of Consumer Societies) in Leshtukov Lane, 13 ;{{sfn|Дубин|2008|с=27}} mother, Emilia Solomonovna Weiland (1881, Bessarabia Orhei - 1934, Leningrad), was a homemaker .{{sfn|Нусинова|2012|с=414}}{{sfn|Дубин|2008|с=27}} With the move to Petrograd, the family settled in the house number 7, Apt. 4 Kolomna street.{{sfn|Дубин|2008|с=27}} In December 1921, together with Grigori Kozintsev, G.K. Kryzhitsky and Sergei Yutkevich he wrote the "Manifesto of the Eccentric Theater", which was announced during a debate organized by them. In 1922, Kozintsev and Trauberg organized a theater workshop "Factory of the Eccentric Actor", and in the same year staged an eccentric re-imagining of the play Marriage by Nikolai Gogol. For two years they staged three more plays based on their own material, and in 1924 moved their experiments in the area of eccentric comedy in film, transforming the theater workshop into the Film School FEKS. The Adventures of Oktyabrina (1924) – the first short film of Kozintsev and Trauberg was a continuation of their theatrical experiences based on their own script; it was an attempt to combine politics (to expose the NEPman who helped the imperialists) with outright buffoonery and according to Yury Tynyanov, "a rampant collection of tricks, which the directors amassed, starved for movies." In the second eccentric short film Mishki versus Yudenich (1925) which no longer starred variety and circus actors who joined the directors from the theater (among them was Sergey Martinson), instead the actors were students of the film school, including Sergei Gerasimov, Janina Żejmo, Andrei Kostrichkin. The first feature film of Kozintsev and Trauberg - romantic melodrama The Devil's Wheel (1926), scripted by Adrian Piotrovsky - was already a mature work. Love for dazzling eccentricity was combined with a convincing display of urban life. In this film was established the constant creative collective of FEKS's; not including the directors, it included the cinematographer Andrei Moskvin and artist Evgeny Eney, who worked with Kozintsev during almost all of his films. In the years 1926-1932, Leonid Trauberg taught at the Leningrad Institute of Performing Arts, in 1926-1927 he was the head of the film department of the Leningrad Theatre Institute. In 1961-1965 he taught at the USSR State Committee for Cinematography at VKSR. He died on November 13, 1990 and was buried in Moscow at Kuntsevo Cemetery. Family
Awards
FilmographyNote: all films before 1947 are co-directed with Grigori Kozintsev
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Pinkus|first1=Benjamin|title=The Soviet Government and the Jews 1948-1967: A Documented Study|date=1984|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge and New York|isbn=0521247136|page=491|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V7g8AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=9 June 2015}} Literature
|author=Нусинова Н. |title=Памяти учителя |url=http://www.kinozapiski.ru/ru/article/sendvalues/170/ |publisher=Киноведческие записки |year=2003 |issue=63 |pages=207–216 |issn=0235-8212 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LtDHxMd6?url=http://www.kinozapiski.ru/ru/article/sendvalues/170/ |archivedate=15 December 2013 |ref=Нусинова |deadurl=yes |df= }}
External links
8 : People's Artists of the RSFSR|Soviet film directors|Soviet screenwriters|Male screenwriters|High Courses for Scriptwriters and Film Directors faculty|Stalin Prize winners|1902 births|1990 deaths |
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