| 词条 | Kulma Pass |
| 释义 |
| name = Kulma Pass | photo = | photo_caption = | elevation_m = 4362.7 | elevation_ref = | location = China–Tajikistan border | range = Pamir Mountains | coordinates = {{coord|display=title,inline}} | topo = }}{{chinese |s=阔勒买山口 |t=闊勒買山口 |l=Kulma Pass |p=kuòlèmǎi shānkǒu |s2=卡拉苏口岸 |t2=卡拉蘇口岸 |l2=Karasu Port |p2=kǎlāsū kǒu'àn |c=|j=|mi=|ci=|altname=}} The Kulma Pass ({{zh|s=阔勒买山口}}) or Qolma Pass,[1] also referred to as Karasu Pass,[1] is a mountain pass across the Pamir Mountains on the border between the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan and the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. Asian Highway AH66 runs through the pass, which provides for the only modern day overland border crossing along the 450 km boundary between the two nations.[2] The pass has an elevation of {{convert|4362.7|m|ft}}[3] and opens from the north to the southeast, and is 500 m wide from north to south and 1 km in length from east to west with a gentle incline not exceeding 20 degrees. On the Tajik side, the pass is 80 km by road to Murghab and about 850 km to Dushanbe. On the Chinese side, the pass is 13.9 km from Karasu ({{lang|zh|卡拉苏口岸}}), a port of entry on the Karakorum Highway which leads to Tashkurgan (60–70 km) and Kashgar (220 km). The pass is open from the 16th to the 30th day of each month from May to November. The pass was closed for many years due to political tensions between the Soviet Union and China, and then the Tajik Civil War. In 1997, China and Tajikistan signed an agreement to develop a commercial corridor between the two countries through the pass. The opening of the pass reduced cargo travel time between the two countries by ten to fifteen days, obviating lengthy detours into Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Karasu Port of EntryThe Karasu Port of Entry opened on May 25, 2004, and traffic volume grew considerably. In the first three months after the pass opened, an official tally by the Tajik Ministry of Traffic and Roads counted legal crossings of just 17 trucks, 10 buses, 240 tons of cargo, and 171 people over a three-month period. Unofficial transits are believed to be more common, as many locals lack passports needed to cross the pass legally.[4] From May to August 2006, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce registered 649 cargo shipments totaling 11,218.5 metric tons of goods.[5] In the same three months the following year, traffic volume reached 1,836 cargo shipments and 30,556 metric tons.[6] In all, travelers made 12,500 trips through the pass in 2007 transporting 56,300 metric tons of goods worth US$250 million. Commonly traded goods include automobiles, construction materials, machinery, electronics, furniture, eggs, and rice. In 2013, 31,000 tons of goods were shipped through the Kulma Pass and processed at the Karasu Border Crossing.[7] The bilateral agreement signed between China and Tajikistan includes the opening of the pass for nationals of all countries. After an initial period where foreigners were still turned back, since 2017, foreign travelers have been passing regularly and without extra problems. [8][9] See also
References1. ^{{Cite book| title = Central Asia: Views from Washington, Moscow, and Beijing| last = Rumer| first = Eugene B.| last2 = Trenin| first2 = Dmitri| last3 = Zhao| first3 = Huasheng| publisher = Routledge | year = 2016| accessdate = 2017-02-05| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p5IYDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT183&lpg=PT183&dq=Karasu+Pass| language = | page = 183| isbn = 9781315289519}} {{Mountain passes of China}}2. ^{{Cite web| title = 中塔卡拉苏口岸进入"冬歇期" 明年5月恢复通关| author = 赵春晖| website = news.xinhuanet.com| publisher = Xinhua News Agency| date = 2006-12-24| accessdate = 2017-02-05| url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/local/2006-12/24/content_5526026.htm| language = zh| quote = }} 3. ^{{cite wikisource |title=中华人民共和国和塔吉克斯坦共和国关于中塔国界的补充协定 |trans-title=China-Tajikistan Border Agreement |wslanguage=zh |quote=该界点在4362米阔勒买大坂(原苏联地图为4362.7米库利玛山口)上 |date=2002-05-17}} 4. ^{{Cite web| title = China and Afghan Opiates: China and Afghan Opiates: Assessing the Risk| first = Jacob| last = Townsend| website = Silk Road Paper| publisher = Institute for Security and Development Policy| date = June 2005| accessdate = 2017-02-03| url = https://www.silkroadstudies.org/resources/pdf/SilkRoadPapers/2005_06_SRP_Townsend_Opiates.pdf| language = | quote = | pages = 48–54}} 5. ^{{Cite web| title = 卡拉苏口岸过货量提前突破万吨关| author = 木合塔尔| website = xinjiang.mofcom.gov.cn| publisher = Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China| date = 2006-09-04| accessdate = 2017-02-05| url = http://xinjiang.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/sjshangwudt/200609/20060903058049.html| language = zh| quote = }} 6. ^{{Cite web| title = 喀什：卡拉苏口岸过货量突破三万吨| author = 令治清| website = chinawuliu.com.cn| publisher = China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing| date = 2007-09-20| accessdate = 2017-02-05| url = http://www.chinawuliu.com.cn/cflp/newss/content/200709/652_85722.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110901014157/http://www.chinawuliu.com.cn/cflp/newss/content/200709/652_85722.html| archive-date = 2011-09-01| language = zh| quote = }} 7. ^{{Cite web| title = 中塔唯一口岸卡拉苏口岸正式开关| author = 李晓玲, 唐乾清| work = finance.people.com.cn| publisher = People's Daily| date = 2014-04-21| accessdate = 2017-02-05| url = http://finance.people.com.cn/n/2014/0421/c1004-24924334.html| language = zh| quote = }} 8. ^{{Cite web|url = http://caravanistan.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=439#top|title = Qolma pass (from China) - report|date = |accessdate = November 11, 2015|website = caravanistan.com |publisher = |last = |first = }} 9. ^1 {{Cite web| title = Qolma Pass| author = | website = caravanistan.com| date = | accessdate = 2015-11-11| url = http://caravanistan.com/border-crossings/tajikistan/qolma-pass/| quote = }} 5 : Mountain passes of Tajikistan|Mountain passes of Xinjiang|Transport in Xinjiang|China–Tajikistan border crossings|Mountain passes of the Pamir |
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