“Kum Nye”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Kum Nye and sKu-mNyé are a wide variety of Tibetan religious and medical body practices. The two terms are different spellings in the Latin alphabet of the same Tibetan phrase (Wylie: sku mnye), which literally means "massage of the subtle body". Some systems of sku mnye are vaguely similar to Yoga, T'ai chi, Qigong, or therapeutic massage. "Kum Nye", Ku Nye, and Kunye are also used to transcribe the Tibetan phrases dku mnye ("belly massage") and bsku mnye ("oil massage"), which are pronounced identically to sku mnye. dKu mnye and bsku mnye manipulate the physical body, rather than the subtle (energetic) one.

Systems of Kum Nye are found in many Tibetan Buddhist and Bön traditions. These can be entirely different both in purpose and in methods. For instance, some forms are very slow moving; others are intensely aerobic. Some systems are based in the Tibetan Medical Tantras (scriptures), and are mainly therapeutic. Other systems are based in Dzogchen, and are mainly religious in purpose.

Three systems of sku mnye have been described and taught in detail in English. These are Tarthang Tulku's Kum Nye, the Aro gTér sKu-mNyé Systems of bsku mnye are taught by the International Academy for Traditional Tibetan Medicine and the Shang Shung Institute.

Tarthang Tulku's Kum Nye

This system appears to be largely from the Medical Tantras, but includes exercises similar to those found in the Dzogchen series. It is based on very slow movements, stillness practices, and massage. This Kum Nye has been described as Inner Massage.

Exercises

To give an example, in the exercise called "flying" the practitioner extends their arms slowly out from the side up to stretching above the head and then slowly back down again. One cycle can take anywhere between 2 and 10 minutes. The practice of breathing in and out of both nose and mouth at the same time is recommended while doing the exercises. The key is to pay close attention to the subtleties of sensations and the quality of experience while doing the exercises, thus linking body and mind in the presence of awareness given to the sensations.

Aro gTér sKu-mNyé

This system is part of the Aro gTér, a Nyingma terma. It is described in detail in the book moving being, by Khandro Déchen.^[6]

Aro sKu-mNyé belongs to Longde, the section of Dzogchen concerned with the subtle body. As with all Dzogchen methods, its main goal is to realize rigpa, or non-dual awareness. This is described as "finding the presence of awareness in the dimension of sensation".^[7] Physical exercises are used to "shake" the tsa-lung system of energetic "channels", winds", and "essences".^[8] This perceptually disorients the practitioner,^[9]^[10] and produces "zap nyams". Zap nyams (Wylie: zab nyams), literally "profound experiences" in Tibetan, are described as "intense psychophysical sensations".^[11] These are said to occur in the energetic space that surrounds the body, rather than in the physical body.^[11]

Although the purpose of the Aro gTér sKu-mNyé is mainly religious, the system is said also to have a variety of mundane benefits, including more vivid sensory experience, emotional openness, enhanced meditation, physical fitness, and lessening of depression.^[12]

In practice, Aro sKu-mNyé is a set of 111 movement exercises^[10] divided into series that correspond to the Buddhist five elements.^[13] They range from simple and gentle to vigorous and extremely difficult,^[14] and bear no similarity to any other Eastern or Western form of exercise.^[15] The moving exercises are alternated with periods of motionless meditation.^[16] The instructions for the Aro sKu-mNyé exercises frequently give very specific details about eye movements.^[10]

Aro sKu-mNyé is taught by instructors certified by a board headed by the Aro Lamas.^[17]

Exercise example: "waking lion"

IATTM Ku Nye

The Ku Nye taught by the International Academy for Traditional Tibetan Medicine is a system of therapeutic oil massage.^[19] It is based in the Medical Tantras. Its benefits are said to include elimination of toxins, increased vitality, pain reduction, and calming of nervous disorders including insomnia, depression and anxiety.

Shang Shung Institute Kunye

The Shang Shung Institute, affiliated with Chogyal Namkhai Norbu, offers a Training program in Kunye Massage.^[20]

See also

References

1. ^Tarthang Tulku (1978a) Kum Nye Relaxation Part 1: Theory, Preparation, Massage, Dharma Publishing, {{ISBN|978-0-913546-10-9}}
2. ^Tarthang Tulku (1978b) Kum Nye Relaxation: Part 2: Movement Exercises, Dharma Publishing, {{ISBN|978-0-913546-74-1}}
3. ^Tarthang Tulku (2003) Tibetan Relaxation: Kum Nye Massage and Movement, Thorsons, {{ISBN|978-0-00-766238-8}}
4. ^Tarthang Tulku (2005) The Joy of Being, Dharma Publishing, {{ISBN|978-0-89800-388-8}}
5. ^Tarthang Tulku (2007) Kum Nye: Tibetan Yoga: A Complete Guide to Health and Wellbeing, Dharma Publishing, {{ISBN|978-0-89800-421-2}}
6. ^Khandro Déchen (2009) moving being: illustrated handbook of sKu-mNyé yogic exercises, Aro Books worldwide, {{ISBN|978-1-898185-05-5}}
7. ^Déchen (2009), p. 5
8. ^Déchen (2009), p. 7
9. ^Déchen (2009), p. 10
10. ^¹²Julia Lee Barclay, Ansuman Biswas, Traci Kelly, Kira O'Reilly and Franc Chamberlain, "Playing with Post-Secular Performance." PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art, MIT Press, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Jan., 2009), pp. 54-67; discussion of Aro sKu-mNyé is on pp. 59 and 61.
11. ^¹Déchen (2009), p. 6
12. ^Déchen (2009), p. 3
13. ^Déchen (2009), pp. 18-19
14. ^Déchen (2009), p. 1
15. ^Déchen (2009), p. 17
16. ^Déchen (2009), pp. 21-22
17. ^Déchen (2009), p. 24
18. ^http://arobuddhism.org/q-and-a/sku-mnye.html
19. ^http://www.iattm.net/uk/faculties/KN-welcome.htm
20. ^http://www.shangshung.org/medicineprogram/cakunyecourse/cakunyecourse.php

Tarthang Tulku's Kum Nye

Exercises

Aro gTér sKu-mNyé

Exercise example: "waking lion"

IATTM Ku Nye

Shang Shung Institute Kunye

See also

References

External links

Tarthang Tulku's Kum Nye

Aro sKu-mNyé

IATTM Ku Nye

Shang Shung Institute Kunye