| 词条 | Lewis and Harris |
| 释义 |
|Image = Wfm lewis landsat.jpg |ImageCaption = Satellite photograph of Lewis and Harris |coordinates = {{coord|58.25|-6.667|display=inline}} |location_map = Scotland Outer Hebrides |caption = Lewis and Harris shown within the Outer Hebrides |GridReference = NB240256 |celtic name = Leòdhas is na Hearadh |norse name = Ljóðhús ok Hérað |meaning of name = Old Norse: "Poet's House" + Hérað = "a type of administrative district" |area = {{convert|217898|ha|sqmi|0}}[1] |area rank = 1 |highest elevation = Clisham {{convert|799|m|ft|0}} |Population = 21,031[2] |population rank = 1 |population density = {{convert|9.65|PD/sqkm|/sqmi|abbr=on}}[1][2] |main settlement = Stornoway |island group = Outer Hebrides |local authority = Comhairle nan Eilean Siar |references = [3][4][5] }} Lewis and Harris ({{lang-gd|Leòdhas agus na Hearadh}}) is a Scottish island in the Outer Hebrides. It is the largest island in Scotland and the third largest in the British Isles, GeographyThe northern part of the island is called Lewis, the southern is Harris and both are frequently referred to as if they were separate islands. The boundary between Lewis and Harris is where the island narrows between Loch Resort ({{lang|gd|Reasort}}, opposite Scarp) on the west and Loch Seaforth ({{lang|gd|Shìophoirt}}) on the east[8] (north of the more obvious isthmus at Tarbert). The island does not have a one-word name in either English or Scottish Gaelic, and is referred to as 'Lewis and Harris', 'Lewis with Harris', 'Harris with Lewis' etc.[6] Rarely used is the collective name of "the Long Island" ({{lang-gd|an t-Eilean Fada}}),[7] although that epithet is sometimes applied to the entire Outer Hebrides, including the Uists and Barra.[8] Most of Harris is very hilly, with more than thirty peaks above {{convert|1000|ft|m|abbr=on}};[7] the highest peak, Clisham, is a Corbett.[9] It{{clarify|date=May 2017}} has an area of {{convert|841|sqmi|km2|0}} – slightly under 1% of the area of Great Britain. It is {{convert|24|mi|km|0}} from the nearest point of the mainland, from which it is separated by the Minch. Lewis is comparatively flat, save in the south-east, where Ben More reaches {{convert|1874|ft|m|0|abbr=on}}, and in the south-west, where {{lang|gd|Mealasbhal}} {{convert|1885|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} is the highest point.[7] Lewis contains the deepest lake on any offshore island in the British Isles, Loch Suaineabhal, which has a maximum depth of 66.7m (226 feet) and an overall mean depth of 32m (108 feet). Until 1975, Lewis belonged to the county of Ross and Cromarty and Harris to Inverness-shire.[7] The entire island group is now administered by {{lang|gd|Comhairle nan Eilean Siar}}, the Western Isles Council. Nearby smaller islandsOther nearby inhabited islands in the Lewis and Harris group are {{lang|gd|Beàrnaraigh}} (Great Bernera) and {{lang|gd|Sgalpaigh}} (Scalpay). {{lang|gd|Tarasaigh}} (Taransay) and {{lang|gd|An Sgarp}} (Scarp), now uninhabited, are islands close to the shore of Harris. On the map to the right of this page, the islands of North Uist, Benbecula and South Uist are coloured red (the thinner red strip to the south) as if they were part of Lewis/Harris - the red strip shows the entire Western Isles, or Outer Hebrides. Lewis/Harris are actually one island, which causes confusion for many at first acquaintance, Harris being the portion of land just south of Tarbert where the sea comes in somewhat, but there is still a continuous land joint between Lewis (to the North) and Harris (to the South) there. North Uist, Benbecula and South Uist are three distinct islands but connected by a road in the sea (causeway). Barra is another island just to the south of South Uist. The islands on the archipelago together - Lewis/Harris, North Uist, Benbecula, South Uist, and Barra - are known both as the Outer Hebrides, but also (especially to locals, and in political circles) as the Western Isles. PopulationLewis/Harris is the most populous of the Scottish islands, and had just over 20,500 residents in 2011,[2] a rise of 5.6% from the 2001 census total of 19,918.[10] Stornoway is the main town of the island, and the civil parish of Stornoway, including the town and various nearby villages, has a population of about 12,000.[11] Transport linksStornoway ({{lang|gd|Steòrnabhagh}}) has ferry links to Ullapool and air services to Benbecula, Inverness, Aberdeen, Glasgow and Edinburgh. {{lang|gd|An Tairbeart}} (Tarbert) is the ferry terminal in Harris with connections to Skye and North Uist. However the main ferry to North Uist uses the terminal at Leverburgh (An t-Òb). HistoryThe island is the ancestral homeland of the Highland Clan MacLeod, with those individuals on Harris being referred to as from the clan MacLeod of Harris or MacLeod of MacLeod, and those on Lewis being referred to as from the clan MacLeod of Lewis.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} Lewis is also the ancestral home of Clan Morrison. The Lewis chessmen is a famous collection of 12th-century chess pieces, carved from walrus ivory and mostly in the form of human figures, which were discovered in Uig in 1831. EconomyA major industry on the island is the production of Harris tweed fabric, which is handmade on the island; by law only fabric produced in the Outer Hebrides can be called Harris tweed.[12] In literatureThe Lewis Trilogy of novels (The Blackhouse, The Lewis Man and The Chessmen) by Peter May, is set on Lewis and Harris. Footnotes1. ^1 Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 262 2. ^1 2 {{NRS1C}} 3. ^{{Haswell-Smith}} 4. ^Ordnance Survey 5. ^{{cite book| author1=Jón A. Hjaltalín| author2=Goudie, G.| author3=Anderson, J. (Ed.)| year=1893 |edition= 1981| title=The Orkneyinga saga| location=Edinburgh| publisher=Mercat Press| isbn=978-0-901824-25-7}} 6. ^{{cite book| author=Thompson, Francis| title=Harris and Lewis, Outer Hebrides| location=Newton Abbot| publisher=David & Charles| year=1968| isbn=978-0-7153-4260-2}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Lewis-with-Harris |volume=16 |pages=525–526}} 8. ^{{cite book| author=Murray, W.H.| year=1966| title=The Hebrides| location=London| publisher=Heinemann| page=2| oclc=4998389}} 9. ^Johnstone et al (1990) pp. 240–43 10. ^{{GRO10}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/analyser/analyser?topicId=1&tableId=KS01&tableName=Usual+resident+population&selectedTopicId=&aggregated=false&subject=&tableNumber=&selectedLevelId=&postcode=&areaText=&RADIOLAYER=&actionName=view-results&clearAreas=&stateData1=&stateData2=&stateData3=&stateData4=&debug=&tempData1=&tempData2=&tempData3=&tempData4=&areaId=784&levelId=4|title=Scrol|access-date=2013-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223414/http://www.scrol.gov.uk/scrol/analyser/analyser?topicId=1&tableId=KS01&tableName=Usual+resident+population&selectedTopicId=&aggregated=false&subject=&tableNumber=&selectedLevelId=&postcode=&areaText=&RADIOLAYER=&actionName=view-results&clearAreas=&stateData1=&stateData2=&stateData3=&stateData4=&debug=&tempData1=&tempData2=&tempData3=&tempData4=&areaId=784&levelId=4|archive-date=2013-12-02|dead-url=yes|df=}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.harristweed.org/about-us/guardians-of-the-orb.php|title=Harris Tweed|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308064228/http://www.harristweed.org/about-us/guardians-of-the-orb.php|archivedate=2013-03-08|df=}} References
External links{{EB1911 poster|Lewis-with-Harris|Lewis and Harris}}
2 : Islands of the Outer Hebrides|Lewis and Harris |
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