| 词条 | Kuno Fischer |
| 释义 |
|region = Western philosophy |era = 19th-century philosophy |image = Ernst Kuno Berthold Fischer (HeidICON 3746) (cropped).jpg |caption = |name = Kuno Fischer |birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1824|7|23}} |birth_place = Sandewalde (near Guhrau), German Confederation (in present-day Poland) |death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1907|7|5|1824|7|23}} |death_place = Heidelberg, German Empire |education = University of Leipzig University of Halle (PhD, 1847) |institutions = Heidelberg University University of Jena |school_tradition = Hegelianism (early)[1] Neo-Kantianism (late)[2] |main_interests = Metaphysics |notable_ideas = The empiricism–rationalism distinction |influences = Immanuel Kant, G. W. F. Hegel |influenced = Gottlob Frege, John Pentland Mahaffy, Wilhelm Windelband[3] |thesis_title = De Parmenide Platonico (On Plato's Parmenides) |thesis_url = https://archive.org/details/deparmenideplat00fiscgoog |thesis_year = 1847 |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = Christian Hermann Weisse (Leipzig), Johann Eduard Erdmann (Halle), Julius Schaller (Halle) |doctoral_students = |notable_students = {{Interlanguage link multi|Richard Falckenberg|de}} }} Ernst Kuno Berthold Fischer (23 July 1824 – 5 July 1907) was a German philosopher, a historian of philosophy and a critic. BiographyAfter studying philosophy at Leipzig and Halle, became a privatdocent at Heidelberg in 1850. The Baden government in 1853 laid an embargo on his teaching owing to his liberal ideas, but the effect of this was to rouse considerable sympathy for his views, and in 1856 he obtained a professorship at Jena, where he soon acquired great influence by the dignity of his personal character. In 1872, on Eduard Zeller's move to Berlin, Fischer succeeded him as professor of philosophy and the history of modern German literature at Heidelberg. He was a brilliant lecturer and possessed a remarkable gift for clear exposition. His fame rests primarily on his work as a historian and commentator of philosophy. As far as his philosophical views were concerned, he was, generally speaking, a follower of the Hegelian school. His writings in this direction, especially his interpretation of Kant, involved him in a quarrel with F. A. Trendelenburg, professor of philosophy at the University of Berlin, and his followers. In 1860, Fischer's Kants Leben und die Grundlagen seiner Lehre (Kant's life and the foundations of his doctrine) lent the first real impulse to the so-called “return to Kant.” In honor of his 80th birthday, celebrated in 1904, Otto Liebmann, Wilhelm Wundt, Theodor Lipps and others published Die Philosophie im Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts. Festschrift für Kuno Fischer (Heidelberg, 1907). PhilosophyOne of Fischer's most significant and lasting contributions to philosophy was the use of the empiricism/rationalism distinction in categorising philosophers, particularly those of the 17th and 18th centuries. These include John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume in the empiricist category and René Descartes, Baruch Spinoza and G.W. Leibniz in the rationalist category. Empiricism, it is said, claims that human knowledge is derived from sensation, i.e. experience, while rationalism claims that certain knowledge can be acquired before experience through pure principles. Although influential, in more recent times this distinction has been questioned as anachronistic in its failure to represent precisely the exact claims and methodologies of the philosophers it categorises. ReceptionKuno Fischer's History of Modern Philosophy had a strong impact on Friedrich Nietzsche and his view on modern philosophy, particularly on Spinoza.[4] Frege and W. Somerset Maugham were amongst his students. Hermann Weyl, writing about pre-WWII academic life in Germany, told the following anecdote about Fischer: A little anecdote of German university life in the nineties may illustrate the point. Kuno Fischer, a second-rate philosopher at Heidelberg, was one day disturbed by the noise of workers who were putting in new cobblestones in the street before his house. He had at that time been offered a professorship in Berlin. So he opened his window and shouted to the workmen, "If you don't stop that noise at once, I'll accept the call to Berlin". Whereupon the foreman ran to the mayor, he summoned the Stadtbaumeister and they decided to postpone repair of the street until after the beginning of the academic vacation.[5] Works
Other translations of his works are:
See also
Notes1. ^Theodore M. Porter, Karl Pearson: The Scientific Life in a Statistical Age, Princeton University Press, 2010, p. 63: Kuno Fischer's early Hegelianism had got him into political trouble in 1848. In 1852 he was accused of pantheism..." 2. ^Frederick C. Beiser, The Genesis of Neo-Kantianism, 1796-1880, Oxford University Press, 2014, p. 221. 3. ^Frederick C. Beiser, The German Historicist Tradition, Oxford UP, 2011, p. 370. 4. ^Andreas Urs Sommer: Nietzsche’s Readings on Spinoza. A Contextualist Study, Particularly on the Reception of Kuno Fischer, in: Journal of Nietzsche Studies 43/2 (2012), pp. 156–184. 5. ^H. Weyl, "Universities and Science in Germany" (1953), in Weyl's Gesammelte Abhandlungen (collected essays), Band IV, p. 538. 6. ^Cf. Daniel Schenkel had published [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_rmlZAAAAcAAJ#page/n1/mode/2up Abfertigung für Herrn Kuno Fischer in Heidelberg] 7. ^1. Teil (4. Aufl. 1897), [https://archive.org/stream/geschichtederne06fiscgoog#page/n9/mode/2up online] References
External links{{Nuttall poster|Fischer, Ernst Kuno Berthold}}{{Commons cat|Kuno Fischer}}
15 : 1824 births|1907 deaths|German philosophers|19th-century philosophers|19th-century German people|People from the Province of Silesia|Leipzig University alumni|Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni|Heidelberg University faculty|University of Jena faculty|German historians of philosophy|19th-century German writers|19th-century German male writers|German male non-fiction writers|Spinoza scholars |
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